糞尿와 都市 廢棄物과의 混合處理에 대한 硏究 (Ⅰ) : 肥料化를 中心으로한 實驗室的 考察 Experimental study for the fertilization

金熙鐘,金相烈,金秀生,孫晋彦,金燦國,成周慶,吳英敏 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1977 硏究報告 Vol.1 No.1

우리나라에 있어서 都市廢棄物의 主인 糞尿와 固形廢棄物의 太宗인 無煙炭재를 同時에 效果的으로 處理할 수 있고 또한 堆肥化시킬 수 있는 好氣性 酸化方式의 最適條件을 얻기 위하여 生糞尿 및 煉炭재의 理化學的 및 生物學的 數値를 測定하고 이를 基礎로하여 上記 兩者를 混合處理 할수 있는 消化條件(溫度, 糞尿와 煉炭재의 配合比, 기타 固形物의 添加量, 注入되는 空氣量의 變化)에 따른 C.O.D., B.O.D.의 變化, 水分 및 電氣傳導度의 變化, 熱灼減量, N量의 變化 等을 硏究하였으며 이들 사이의 相關關係를 檢討하여 다음과 같은 結論을 얻었다. 1. 生糞尿에 固形廢棄物인 煉炭재나 紙類를 配合시켜 消化시키므로서 케이크속의 질소成分의 量을 增加 시킬수 있다. 2. 煉炭재의 配合은 糞尿의 消化速度를 增加 시킨다. 3. 糞尿의 處理를 위한 反應槽의 溫度는 50℃보다 60℃로 維持 시킬때 消化速度가 크다. 4. 反應槽의 溫度를 一定하게 했을때 空氣의 注入速度는 初期 反應時는 적게하고 後期 反應時는 크게 함이 效果的 이다. For the effective treatment and usable disposal of urban wastes in the area of Busan city, the composition of the nightsoil and anthracite bulky ash which is the main munic ipal solid wastes have been studied on the digestion of the compositive mixtures with the variable conditions that are ratio of compounding between nightsoil and ash, amount of solid additives and volume of air for the effective airation at 50, 65℃. The digestion has been detected by the physico-chemical and biological data; pH, specific gravity, content of moisture, C.O.D., B.O.D., electroconductance of the solution of the results, decrease of nition, and volume of total free nitrogen etc. The results are obtained as follows. 1) The characteristics of domestic nightsoil are different to the foreign data as table 5, but the data of anthracite ash almost are same except the composition of Fe₂O₃ and Al₂O₃. 2) Amount of total free nitrogen are increased by the digestion with the addition of solid waste, as effective absorption, to the nightsoil. 3) The digestion are accelerated by the compounding of ash, but the adding of sulfuric acid to fix the free ammonia reduced reaction. 4) The airation have to proceed slowly at initial step, and then endure enough volume of air at the later step.

固定化 Bacillus subtilis菌에 依한 α-Amylase 生成에 關한 硏究

金燦國,金廣 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1987 硏究報告 Vol.11 No.1

Cells of Bacillus subtilis were immobilized in Kappacarrageenan gel. Production of α-amylase by the immobilized whole cells was attempted in a batch system. The prepared immobilized whole cells have high activity and high stability to repeated use. The optimum conditions for the preparation reaction were investigated. The highest activity of α-amylase was observed in the case of the medium containing 1% meat extract and 0.05% yeast extract. The optimum content of bacteria in the gel was found to be 5.0%(W/V). The optimum pH range was 6-7.

이산 웨이브릿 워터마킹을 이용한 디지털 이미지 보호

김국세,이정기,박찬모,조애리,류천열 조선대학교 전자정보통신연구소 2003 電子情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.6 No.1

정보통신의 비약적인 발전에 힘입어 멀티미디어 데이터는 언제 어디서든 전송 받거나 공유할 수 있게 되었다. 아날로그 형태에서 디지털의 아날로그를 형태로 빠르게 대체되고 있으며, 디지털로 신호를 표현하는 방법은 기존 사용하여 표현하는 방법에 비해 많은 장점을 가지고 있다. 하지만 디지털로 된 데이터는 언제 어디서든 대단위 복제가 가능하다. 디지털 영상 정보의 보호를 위해 디지털 워터마크(Digital Watermark)가 있다. 디지털 워터마크는 공개키 알고리즘이나 방화벽 등으로 해독된 영상에 대하여 부가적인 보호를 제공한다. 디지털 영상에 대한 저작권 정보, 배포자 정보 그리고 사용자 정보를 영상에 삽입함으로써 훗날 법적인 문제가 발생하였을 때 해결책을 제시할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 디지털 영상 데이터의 정보 보호를 위해 주파수 영역에서의 웨이브릿 변환(Wavelet Transform)을 이용한 이미지 적용 디지털 워터마킹(Image-Adaptive Digital Watermarking) 방법을 제안한다. 이미지 적응 웨이브릿(Image-Adaptive Wavelet)은 영상을 주파수적으로 분해하면서 각 대역들의 공간 영역에서의 정보를 함께 지닌고 JND긯(Just noticeable difference)을 포함한다. 이미지 적응 웨이브릿의 이러한 특성을 이용하여 다해상도 분해하고, 손실 압축(Loss Compression)이나 필터링(Fitering), 잡음(Noise)등에 크게 영향받는 저주파 성분과 인간의 시각적으로 큰 의미를 갖는 고주파 성분의 특성을 이용하여 워터마크를 삽입한다.

鼻毛의 白毛發生에 의한 年齡推定

김진국,홍석찬,진정언,박의우,김동욱 大韓法醫學會 1999 대한법의학회지 Vol.23 No.1

The gray vibrissae of Korean males(n= 189) between 15 and 75 years old and females(n=111) between 15 and 74 years old whop visited the department of otorhinolaryngology, Konkuk university Chungju hospital during 1996 to 1998, were counted for the purpose of estimating approximate age range in individuals of unknown age. The lowest age appearing gray hairs in both sexes was 15-year-old. The Pearson's correlation coefficient in both sexes was 0.490 (p<0.01). The age appearing gray vibrissae in females was slightly earlier than that of males, however, the differences between right and left sides of nasal cavity were insignificant. This method of counting gray vibrissae would be useful to estimate age range in personal identification together with other methods available until now.

攪伴機에 依한 土狀黑鉛의 球狀凝集

金燦國,姜大雨,金裕鎭 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1984 硏究報告 Vol.8 No.2

This study has been carried out to determine the effects of bridging liquid concentrations, agitation time, agitation speed, pulp density, and viscosities of the bridging liquid on growth of the agglomerates by agitating the suspension with bridging liquid which preferentially wets the carbon particles. The results of this experiment are as follows : 1) As larger amounts of bridging liquid are used, the size of agglomerates are increased until the end of the capillary region of pore filling after which there is an excess of bridging liquid. 2) At the initial stage of the agitation, the size of agglomerates are increased while after a certain agitation period, the size of agglomerates are decreased because destructive force is increased by frequency of collisions between the agglomerates themselves and their adhesion to the walls of the vessel. 3) The diameter of the final agglomerates are determined by a balance between destructive and cohesive forces acting on agglomerates.

國內産 LOAM을 利用한 土壤濾過 脫臭에 관한 硏究

金燦國,金五植 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1987 硏究報告 Vol.10 No.1

Size of composted Soil-filter was 1.6m×2.5m×7.3m. Constituents of filter media were made of domestic loam 80%, compost 10%, and hen feces 10%, and Packed materials of the filter were gravels of 40∼100㎜ diameter and sands of 0.15∼1.0㎜ diameter in this deodoring experiment. By utilizing the above composted soil-filter, we investigater the deodoring of night-soil. The results from this study were obtained as follows 1) Equilibrium water content of filter media was nearly 30 percent. 2) Deodoring efficiencies of gases NH₃, H₂S, CH₃SH, and(CH₃)₂S were 91.3%, 67.5%, 77.4%, and 44.0% respectively. 3) At the upper side of Soil-filter, No-odor appeared when the odorous gas was diluted 325 times in panel test at the bottom side of soil-filter.

糞尿와 煉炭재로서 肥料化를 위한 反應塔의 最適設計 : 反應條件과 分散板의 特性을 中心으로 Character of distribitor of bubble column and reaction condition

金熙鍾,金燦國,孫晋彦,金相烈 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1979 硏究報告 Vol.3 No.1

球型反應器와 氣泡塔反應器內에서 糞尿와 煉炭재를 混合合成하여, 肥料化함에 알맞은 消化條件을 糞尿溶液의 物性(稀釋倍率, 表面張力 및 返送汚泥의 混合比率), 煉炭재의 特性, 曝氣流速, 消化中空氣의 가스홀드엎 및 消化時間等의 變化에 따라 硏究하였다. 또한 消化速度에 미치는 두 反應器의 特性을 상호 비교하였으며 이들 인자사이의 상호관계를 檢討하여 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 1. 消化溶液의 表面張力變化에 의해 反應速度의 測定이 可能하였으며, 이는 BOD法이나 COD方法보다는 짧은 時間內에 간단히 측정할 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 2. 球型反應器와 같이 원통형 氣泡塔內에서도 연탄재의 粒子가 클수록 反應速度가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 3. 원통형 氣泡塔內에서는 희석배율이 5배일때가 더 경제적이다. 4. 분산판의 구멍의 지름이 0.9㎜이하에서는 지름이 적을수록 반응의 완결도와 가스홀드엎이 크게 나타났으며, 0.9㎜ 이상에서는 구멍의 크기가 거의 영향을 받지 않는다. The appropriative condition of digestion for the compost of anthracite ash and nightsoil in ball-type reactor and bubble column reactor, according to the ratio of dilution and surface tension of nightsoil solution, the compounding ratio of the treated nightsoil charactor of ash, velocity of aeration, gas holdup during the digestion and the time of reaction, have studied. The different charactor between two reactor which have an effect on degree of completion of reaction and the relation among various factors has been investigated as the following results. ⅰ) The degree of completion of digestion was more conveniently measured by mean of a change in surface tension of nightsoil solution than BOD or COD measurement. ⅱ) The particle size of ash accelated to the degree of completion of digestion in bubble column likewise ball-type reactor. ⅲ) The optimun ratio of dilution economically is 5 times in bubble column. ⅳ) Below 0.9㎜ of hole diameter of distributor, degestion and gas hold up were in inverse proportion to the diameter of hole, but above 0.9㎜ the size of diameter have not an effect an digestion.

國産活性炭에 의한 重金屬이온의 吸着特性

金燦國,金相烈,李成植 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1980 硏究報告 Vol.4 No.1

Adsorption characteristics of chrome, cadminum, cupper and zinc ions on domestic activated carbon were studied by using two kinds of sources. The following conclusions were obtained from the effect of pH, anions and cyanide, adsorption velocity, adsorption isotherm on adsorption of the heavy metal ion and the desorption of the heavy metal ion from domestic activated carbon. 1) Chrome ion is readily adsorpted on activated carbon in the form as HCrO₄^(-) and CrO₄^(2-) in the pH range from 3 to 6 and adsorption velocity was almost come to the equilibriumin an hour. Adsorpted total chrome ion was readily eluted by using 1N-HCl. 2) From the adsorption of cadmium ion in the presense of iodide and bromide, cupper ion with halogen ion and zinc with halogen, it was found that they were easily adsorbed on activated carbon in the form of complex anions. 3) Adsorption isotherms of cupper with citric acid and zinc with cyanide on activated carbon were shown the Freundlich's equation. 4) Zinc complex anions were reversibly adsorbed on activated carbon and easily eluted with 0.1N-HCl.

國産活性炭의 吸着特性에 관한 硏究 (Ⅱ)

金燦國,李成植,張哲鉉 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1981 硏究報告 Vol.5 No.1

The dynamic characteristics of the adsorption of COD on domestic activated carbon were studied by using a shallow bed in column. The effects of linear velocity(0.5∼3m/hr) of flowing solution through the bed, particle size(20∼60 mesh) and kind of activated carbon on K_(La) were studied. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The linear velocity does not exert an influence on K_(La) in the range of 0.5∼3m/hr, therefore, it was found that the intraparticle pore diffusion resistance is the rate controlling. 2. When sieved activated carbon from wood was used, the correlation between mean particle size of activated carbon, d￣, and K_(La)￣ was obtained as follows: K_(La)-30(d￣)^(-1.2)(1/hr). 3. The adsorption isotherm of COD on domestic activated carbon was well fitted Freundlich's Model.

國産活性炭에 의한 重金屬이온의 吸着特性(Ⅲ)

金燦國,李成植 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1982 硏究報告 Vol.6 No.1

Adsorption characteristics of nickel ion on demestic activated carbon were studies by using three kinds of sources. The following conclusion were obtained from the effect of pH, halides, cyanide and temperature, and adsorption velocity, adsorption isotherms on adsorption of nickel ion and the desorption of nickel ion from domestic activated carbon. 1) Nickel ion was reversibly adsorpted on activated carbon in the form of complex anion such as NiX^(2-)₄ and Ni(CN)^(2-)₄. Specially, the order of the magnitude of adsorption of halogenide ions was I^(-)>Br^(-)>CI^(-)>F^(-) which coinsided with that of hydrolysis tendency of halogenide ions. 2) From the adsorption of nickel ion in the presense of zinc ion, it was found that zinc ion prevented nickel ion from adsorption on activated carbon. 3) The adsorption isotherms of nickel ion on domestic carbons were well fitted Freundlich's equation. 4) Nickel complex anions on activated carbon were easily eluted by using 0.1N HCl solution.