Temporal trends of the prevalence and incidence of atrial fibrillation and stroke among Asian patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A nationwide population-based study

Choi, You-Jung,Choi, Eue-Keun,Han, Kyung-Do,Jung, Jin-Hyung,Park, Jiesuck,Lee, Euijae,Choe, Wonseok,Lee, So-Ryoung,Cha, Myung-Jin,Lim, Woo-Hyun,Oh, Seil Elsevier 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY Vol.273 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke are common in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We aimed to determine the prevalence and incidence of AF and stroke in patients with HCM during a 10-year period.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Using the Korean National Health Insurance Services database, we identified patients diagnosed with HCM from the entire Korean population between 2005 and 2015. The annual prevalence and incidence of AF and stroke in HCM patients were estimated.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>The prevalence of AF in HCM patients has gradually increased to 1.6-fold from 13.4% in 2005 to 20.9% in 2015. The incidence of AF ranged from 4.1 to 5.5%, a similar trend was observed for each year in HCM patients. The prevalence of stroke in HCM patients was approximately 10%, while that in HCM patients with AF was about 20%. During 8741 person-years, AF-related stroke occurred in 257 subjects among 2309 HCM patients with new-onset AF. The overall incidence rate of AF-associated stroke was 2.94 per 100 person-years. In subgroup analysis, the incidence rate of AF-associated stroke was 1.49 per 100 person-years in the under 45 year-old group and 1.48 per 100 person-years in the group with CHA<SUB>2</SUB>DS<SUB>2</SUB>­VASc score of 0 or 1 point in HCM patients.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>The prevalence of AF in HCM patients gradually increased over 10 years. The annual risk of AF-associated stroke in HCM was over 1% even in younger patients and those with CHA<SUB>2</SUB>DS<SUB>2</SUB>­VASc score of 0 or 1 point, which provide evidence to support the prevention of stroke in HCM patients with AF.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> This is the first largest nationwide study on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a rare myocardial disease in Korea. </LI> <LI> The prevalence of AF in HCM patients gradually increases to 1.6-fold from 13.4% in 2005 to 20.9% in 2015. </LI> <LI> The annual incidence of AF in HMC patients was about 5%, and higher in female and the elderly. </LI> <LI> The prevalence of stroke in HCM patients with AF was about 20%, which were more than twice that in overall HCM patients. </LI> <LI> The risk of AF-related stroke in HCM patients was >1% per person-year even in younger patients or low CHA<SUB>2</SUB>DS<SUB>2</SUB>­VAS<SUB>C</SUB> score. </LI> </UL> </P>

From ‘New Security Concept’ to ‘Soft Power’: Collective Identity Formation or Differentiation?

Cha,Changhoon 한국시민윤리학회 2009 한국시민윤리학회보 Vol.22 No.1

1990년대 중반 등장한 중국위협론은 미국과 중국의 주변국가들사이에서 지속적으로 재생산되어 왔다. 국제사회가 제기하는 중국위협론에 대한 대응으로 중국내에는 외교안보전략에 대한 다양한 논의들이 전개되었고, 정식화되어 발표되었다. ‘신안보개념(新安全槪念)’, ‘책임대국론(負責任的大國)’, ‘평화적 부상론(和平崛起)’, ‘소프트 파워(軟實力)’ 등이 그러한 예이다. 웬트(Wendt)는 인지적 수준에서 작용하는 국제통합의 이론을 제안한 바가 있다. 국가들은 상호간 인정(recognition)을 위한 투쟁에 연루되는데, 그 과정은 결국 포괄적인 집단 정체성의 형성으로 귀결되며, 이것은 국가이익의 재조정을 불러일으키기도 한다는 것이다. 중국의 새로운 외교전략으로 국제사회에 표명했던 개념들은 인정이론의 관점에서 해석하면 몇 가지 흥미로운 시사점을 확인할 수 있다. 첫째, 웬트의 주장처럼 개인의 정체성 형성은 타자와의 관계 속에서 형성된다. 중국의 새로운 외교전략의 개념들은 지난 30여년 간 개혁개방의 과정을 거치면서 국제사회에의 참여 속에서 형성된 것으로 이해된다. 둘째, 자신의 정체성 형성은 결정적으로 타자들의 인정에 의존하게 된다. 그러나 중국이 제시했던 다양한 외교전략의 개념에 대하여 미국 혹은 주변 국가들은 아직도 회의적인 시선을 보내고 있는 것이 사실이다. 즉, 중국의 스스로 형성하고 싶은 자신의 국가정체성(신안보개념, 책임대국론, 평화적 부상, 소프트 파워)이 타자(주변국가들)로부터 인정을 받지 못했다는 점을 시사한다.

Changes of Volatile Flavor Compounds in Low Salt-Fermented Anchovy Paste by Adding Koji

Cha, Yong-Jun 國立 昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.6 No.-

Koji를 첨가한 저식염 멸치젓의 숙성 중 휘발성 향기성분의 변화를 대조구와 분석 비교하였다. 총 106개의 휘발성 성분이 검출되었는데 이 중에서 79개의 화합물은 표준품으로 확인 동정되었다. 이들은 주로 aldehyde, ketone, alcohol, ester, aromatic hydrocarbon, furan 및 nitrogen-containing화합물로 구성되어 있었다. 숙성 중 두시료에서 aldehyde 및 ester류의 화합물의 종류와 함량이 가장 많았다. 특히 koji를 첨가한 멸치젓에서는 대조구에서는 검출되지 않은 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2-ethtyl-6-methylpyrazine, trimethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine 및 tetramethylpyrazine이 검출되었으며 2-phenylethanol도 검출되었다. Volatile flavor compounds in low salt-fermented anchovy pastes by adding koji(Koji), compared with Control, were analyzed by simultaneous steam distillation-solvent extraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Volatile compounds(106) were detected in both samples during fermentation. Among these, 79 compounds were positively identified and were composed mainly of aldehydes, esters, alcohols, detones, nitrogencontaining compounds in both samples. Alkypyrazines, such as 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-6-methylpyrazine, trimethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine and tetramethylpyrazine, and also 2-phenylethanol were identified only in Koji.

APPLICATION OF PERFORMANCED BASED DESIGN IN FIRE PROTECTION ENGINEERING

Cha,David S 한국화재소방학회 1997 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1997 No.-

Today's building and fire prevention codes are mostly prescriptive. Prescriptive codes are based on major fires in earlier years that created a need for specific building provision. These codes provide a minimum level of safety. As the general and engineering uses of computers have increased over the years, so has use of computers in the fire protection engineering. This has allowed fire protection engineers to develop alternative approaches to solve today's fire protection problems or to evaluate the performance of a specific fire safety goal. A performance based approach to building and fire codes involves the following: 1) identifying specific goals, such as, safely getting out of the building in 10 minutes, 2) obtain conceptual approval from authorities, 3) define performance level, 4) develop design solutions and identify tools such as, fire tests, models, or methods, to demonstrate that a design will meet the fire protection objective 5) test solutions, 6) present test method and results to the authorities. Some people in the fire protection community consider this to be nothing more than an intellectual exercise, while the others view it as a way to reduce expenses on large project<TEX>$^4$</TEX> Others in fire protection community view this as a way to refine the design process to design fire protection systems to better protect the fire hazards. This paper will focus on application of these tools, specifically computer fire models, to actual cases such as: design of a smoke control system heat transfer analysis and egress of building occupants during potential fires.

Nutritional Intake and Biochemical Status in Blood and Urine of Elderly Women : Comparison Among Subgroups Divided by Residence Type

Cha,Youn-Soo,Sohn,Hee-Sook,Joo,Eun-Jung 韓國營養學會 1997 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.30 No.9

Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid Decreases Plasma Triglycerides with Mixed Effects on Indices of β-oxidation

Cha,Youn-Soo,Li,Bangyan,Sachan,Dileep S,Whelan,Jay 韓國營養學會 1997 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.30 No.9

大邱地方의 2歲未滿乳兒의 ??病調査成績

車承萬 金原出版 1963 小兒科 Vol.4 No.2

He 원자의 가장 낮은 들뜬 상태 에너지의 수치 계산

차혁렬,양해정,김미정,정진,양회룡,최승평,장차익 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1999 自然科學硏究 Vol.22 No.1

The one-electron theory of atoms, molecules, and crystals have enjoyed a wide success in many branches of physics. This theory provides a physically appealing description of the electronic structure of many-electron systems. In addition, this theory gives a convenient basis for performing the detailed calculation on specific many-electron systems. In such calculations, it is usually necessary to introduce many simplified assumptions in order to make a progress. Since the principal computational difficulty supposed by the Hartree-Fock equations is the treatment of the exchange term, it would be very desirable to simplify the treatment of these terms by using Slater's average of the exchange potential. The first order correction of energy in the lowest excited states of He atom is calculated by using the unperturbed wave function obtained with the Hartree-Fock-Slater approximation and compared with the result obtained by the simple analytical method. The numerical results agrees with an experimental results for the lowest excited states of He atom with tolerance 3.22%, 2.16%, 2.94% and 3.41%. These results show that the numerical analysis can be applied to other multielectron atoms with the personal computer.

대학생의 노인복지에 대한 인식도

차병준,김무룡,김기열,차경미,김귀희,김현실,서인선,임상규,이순자,위광복,남철현 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 1999 保健福祉硏究 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of this study is to grasp the change of consciousness of young people in order to seek new approach of policy for aged era. 1,200 students attending collages and universities in three small or medium sized cities were inquired for 2 months, from October 1 to November 30, 1996. The result is as follows. 1. The characteristic of the respondents of this survey is that they include 72.1% of women, 40.4% of people aged between 20 to 21, and 49.1% of people who do not have any religion. Those who are from big cities and those who are form farming villages or fishing village occupy equally 40.2%, those who reside in that cities for a long period 49.0%, and those who live with their family 60.9%. 2. The family feature of the subject is that 31.5% of them are those whose father is the age of 55 and more than 55, 10% of them are those whose mothers age is so, 33.1% of them have 5 family members, 29.5% of them have the family income of 1,000,000 to 1,490,000 won, 83.9% of them are from middle class, 47.7% of them are the people whose grand parents have passed away, 70.4% of them live apart from their grand parents, and 60.9% of them are second child. 3. 64.0% of males, 70% of respondents who are aged over 24, 58.1% of respondents who are from rural communities, 62.4% of respondents who live in rural area, and 58.3% of respondents who live alone, prefer to live with grand parents, marked higher rate than other groups. The groups whose father and mother are the age of more than 55 marked higher rate of 55.9% and 58% each than any other groups(p<0.05). The groups whose family member is less than three, whose grand parents both have passed away in middle class, who live with their grand parents, and who are second children, give more positive answers than any other groups. 4. Those who are older, who are buddhists, who are from rural area or live in rural area, whose family is small, whose family income is small, who are from lower class and whose grand parents are still alive, shows preference to support their parents after marriage. 5. Females(89.4%), those who are from small or medium sized cities(89%), who live with their family(85.6%), whose father is the age of 55 and more than 55, whose mother is the age of 54 and less than 54, whose family member is 6, who are from middle class, whose grandparents are still alive and who are the eldest child in their family, give more response that they prefer to live apart from their children in their old age than any other groups. 6. What elderly people need most right now is past time(42.3%), and the respondents whose age is 20 to 21, who are buddhists, who are from middle sized cities and live alone, whose parents are the age of more than 55, who have small family income, who live with their grand parents and who are second children show higher level than any other groups. 7. 76.8% of respondents answer that they do not need their parent's fortune, marked still higher rate than the opposite answer. Those who are older, who are buddhists, who are from big cities, who reside in rural area, who live alone and have smaller family, who are in bad family economic conditions and who live with grand parents present higher rate of positive response. 8. 59.3% of respondents reply that they think about death from time to time, and those who are female, who are in the age of 20 to 21, who are christian, who live with their family, whose siblings or other family members offer their education expenses show higher rate than any other groups. 9. 92.3% of respondents answer that the budget for welfare facility for elderly people is very small. The younger the respondents are and the worse economic condition they have among those who live in big cities, the more answered that. 10. 50% of respondents think social security should provide for their old age, and 42.8% of them believe they themselves provide against it. The respondence that social security ought provide for it appeared more among those whose age are over 24, who are female, who reside in rural area, who are christian, who are in bad economic condition, and who ever used medical institutions in recent one month, marked higher level than other groups. 11. The adequate time of retirement is 59.97±5.60 for public officers, the highest and 59.28±6.35 for teachers, the next. 12. 35.2% of respondents reply that the adequate budget for the old age after their retirement at the age of 60 is 220 million won, showed the highest level of respondence. 13. The factors which affect on the old people in the charged welfare facilities are sex(p<0.01), the type of housing(p<0.05) and whole family income(p<0.05). 14. The factors which affect on remarriage are sex(p<0.05) and religion(p<0.05). For varying old population and expanded welfare service for them, government and relevant authority should give more attention to secure the budget, establish effective plans to expand various program and the facilities for elderly people in order that elderly people spend the rest of life time more happily and more fruitfully. To do that, each college and university should open Health courses, and educate and inform about health and welfare.

건우기에 (乾雨期) 산림토양의 (山林土壤) 화학성분의 변화

차종환 (Jong Whan Cha) 한국식물학회 1964 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.7 No.2

Cha. Jong Whan (Dept. of Biology, Graduate School, Dong Kuk Univ.) The changes of chemical properties of forest soils in dry wet seasons. Kor. Jour. Bot. Ⅶ(2): 1-8, 1964. Soil selected for the present investigation was collected from a mountain of the Forestry Experiment Station of the vicinity of Seoul. The forest communities studied were three forest and a unplanted soils. The soil samplets were obtained from each forest type during dry and wet seasons. And these samples were collected from four horizons of all communities respective1y. It was showed that exchangeable hydrogen was increased by rainfall, and total exchangeable base decreased in the same way. The content of nitrogen is washed away by rainfall, especially ammonium nitrogen was highly significant between dry and wet season. On the contrary, organic matter and available phosphorus were of no significant difference between dry and wet seasons. The values of pH appeared a different response in dry and wet seasons according to the plant communities. The needle-leaved forest soils showed more acidity than the broad-leaved forest soils, and the least acidity in open places. All nutrients in soil studied gradually decreased down the profiles. According to statistical analyses of the soil components among all soil horizons, total exchangeable bases in wet season indicated only significant at 1%. Exchangeable hydrogen and organic matter of the soil in dry season was particularly very low with increased depth in the profile. The fertility level of most forested soils selected for the present investigation is low according to chemical tests for available nutrient elements.