Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid Decreases Plasma Triglycerides with Mixed Effects on Indices of β-oxidation

Cha,Youn-Soo,Li,Bangyan,Sachan,Dileep S,Whelan,Jay 韓國營養學會 1997 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.30 No.9

Nutritional Intake and Biochemical Status in Blood and Urine of Elderly Women : Comparison Among Subgroups Divided by Residence Type

Cha,Youn-Soo,Sohn,Hee-Sook,Joo,Eun-Jung 韓國營養學會 1997 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.30 No.9

Comparison of antibody responses after the 1st and 2nd doses of COVID-19 vaccine with those of patients with mild or severe COVID-19

( Hye Hee Cha ),( So Yun Lim ),( Ji-soo Kwon ),( Ji Yeun Kim ),( Seongman Bae ),( Jiwon Jung ),( Sung-han Kim ) 대한내과학회 2022 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.37 No.2

Background/Aims: Data comparing the antibody responses of different coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine platforms according to dose with natural severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection-induced antibody responses are limited. Methods: Blood samples from adult patients with mild and severe COVID-19 and healthcare workers who received ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (2nd dose at 12-week intervals) and BNT162b2 vaccine (2nd dose at 3-week intervals) were collected and compared by immunoglobulin G immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 specific spike protein using an in-house-developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: A total of 53 patients, including 12 and 41 with mild and severe COVID-19, respectively, were analyzed. In addition, a total of 73 healthcare workers, including 37 who received ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and 36 who received BNT162b2, were enrolled. Antibody responses after the first and second doses of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or the first dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine were similar to those in convalescent patients with mild COVID-19, but lower than those in convalescent patients with severe COVID-19, respectively. However, after the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine, the antibody response was comparable to that in convalescent patients with severe COVID-19. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the second dose of mRNA vaccination may be more beneficial in terms of long-term immunity and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 variant infection than a single dose of COVID-19 vaccination or homologous second challenge ChAdOx1 nCoV-19.

PC를 이용한 소아과 퇴원환자 관리시스템

하태선,이태수,차은종,박범수,한헌석,채수일 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 1993 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.3 No.1

본원 소아과 입원환자의 퇴원요약 기록을 전산관리하는 시스템을 개발하였다. 소아과 환자관리에 적합하도록 퇴원요약지를 설계하였고 개인용 컴퓨터를 사용하여 관리하도록 구성하였다. 주 기억장치 4MB와 보조기억 장치 120MB HDD을 장착한 PC-386DX 시스템을 기반으로 개발하였고 소프트웨어로는 FoxPro v2.0을 사용하였다. pull-down menu 방식과 window방식을 적용하여 비전문가라 할지라도 손쉽게 사용할수 있도록 하였고 정보입력 및 수정시 사용자 편의를 최대한 반영하고자 하였다. "AND"와 "OR"연산자를 사용하여 다양한 검색이 가능하였다. 본 시스템은 현재 본원 소아과에서 실무에 적용하고 있으며 향후 통계분석과 임상연구에 크게 활용할 수 있으리라 생각된다. A PC-based system was developded to manage discharge summary records of pediatric patients. It is based on a PC-386DX system equipped with 4MB memory and 120MB HDD, and its software was written in FOXPRO V2.0. Any users unfamiliar with computer can make an easy access to the data through pull-down menu and windows system. Logical operators of "AND" and/or "OR" enabled a flexible and various search conditions. The present system is being under clinical use in the Department of Pediatrics, and warrants future applications to statistical analysis as well as clinical research projects.

Gender-related Differences in Management of Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation in an Asian Population

Lee, Jung Myung,Kim, Tae-Hoon,Cha, Myung-Jin,Park, Junbeom,Park, Jin-Kyu,Kang, Ki-Woon,Shim, Jaemin,Uhm, Jae-Sun,Kim, Jun,Park, Hyung Wook,Lee, Young Soo,Choi, Eue-Keun,Kim, Chang-Soo,Joung, Boyoung,K The Korean Society of Cardiology 2018 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.48 No.6

<P><B>Background and Objectives</B></P><P>Gender-related differences in health care utilization for atrial fibrillation (AF) are increasingly recognized. However, large cohort data for examining gender-related differences in AF are lacking in Asian populations.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>The Registry for Comparison Study of Drugs for Symptom Control and Complication Prevention of AF (CODE-AF Registry) is a prospective observational cohort-study that enrolled participants at 10 tertiary hospitals in South Korea. Baseline characteristics retrieved from the CODE-AF Registry were analyzed.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>A total of 6,274 patients were recruited (mean age 67±11 years, mean CHA<SUB>2</SUB>DS<SUB>2</SUB>-VASc score 2.7±1.7, 63% male, 65% paroxysmal AF) from June 2016 to April 2017. Women underwent less electric cardioversion (12.3% vs. 19.6%, p<0.001), less radiofrequency ablation (12.4% vs. 17.9%, p<0.001), and less antiarrhythmic drug therapy (44.7% vs. 49.5%, p<0.001), despite having more severe symptoms (symptom class III or IV, 45.8% vs. 37.5%, p<0.001). Among patients with a CHA<SUB>2</SUB>DS<SUB>2</SUB>-VA score of 2 or more, a slightly higher proportion of women were taking oral anticoagulants than men (85.7% vs. 81.9%, p=0.002), and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC) use was more prevalent in women than men (70.4% vs. 62.3%, p<0.001). Insufficient NOAC dosing was very common, more so in women than men (61.5% vs. 56.3%, p<0.001).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Female patients with AF were treated more conservatively and rhythm control strategies were used less frequently than in males, even though the female patients with AF had more severe symptoms. While insufficient NOAC dosing was common in both sex, it was significantly more frequent in women.</P>

당뇨병 환자에서 혈장 Thrombin-Antithrombin Ⅲ 및 Plasmin-α_2-Plasmin Inhibitor 복합체의 임상적 의의

김경욱,김은숙,정상수,윤수지,박우일,이준희,남수연,안철우,문병수,김경래,차봉수,송영득,임승길,이현철,허갑범 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.25 No.5

연구배경:당뇨병 환자에서 혈액응고 및 섬유소용해 체계의 이상경향이 있어 그 결과로 여러 혈관합병증의 발생위험이 높다는 사실은 널리 알려져 있다. 그 기전은 아직 확실히 밝혀지지 않았으나, 고혈당으로 인한 혈장 단백질들의 비효소성 당화작용이나 산화성 스트레스로 인한 유리 라티칼 작용으로 응고항진이나 섬유소용해 활성의 저하를 유발하는 것으로 생각되고 있다. 최근 응고 및 용해인자와 그 억제자의 복합체들의 증가가 이 상태를 비교적 예민하게 반영한다고 알려져 있다. 방법:본 연구에서는 당뇨병 환자 101명과 정상 대조군 20명에서 혈장내 thrombin­antithrombin complex(TAT)와 plasmin­α₂­plasmin inhibitor complex(PIC)를 측정하여 비교하고, 당뇨병 환자에서 미세혈관 합병증과 대혈관합병증의 유무에 따른 차이와, 이미 혈관 질환의 위험인자로 알려져 있는 인자들간의 상관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 결과:1. 환자의 분포를 살펴보면 혈관합병증이 있는 군은 85명, 혈관합병증이 없는 군은 16명이었고, 평균연령은 각각 57.9±14.1세, 49.9±16.6세로 혈관 합병증이 있는 군에서 더 나이가 많았고, 체질량지수는 23.2±3.4㎏/㎡, 24.1±3.4㎏/㎡로 두 군간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 또 두 군간의 혈압 및 HbA1c, 공복혈당 및 인슐린과 C­peptide, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, HDL­콜레스테롤, Lp⒜는 유의한 차이가 없었고, 미세혈관합병증이 있는 군에서 당뇨병의 유병기간이 길었다. 2. TAT 및 PIC의 농도는 정상 대조군에서는 2.8±1.2 ng/mL, 240.4±69.7 ng/mL이었고, 당뇨병 환자군에서는 9.5±22.6 ng/mL, 472.2±258.7 ng/mL이었다. TAT와 PIC 모두 당뇨병 환자군에서 정상 대조군에 비해 유의하게 증가되어 있었고(p<0.001), TAT/PIC ratio는 두 군간 차이가 없었다. 3. 당뇨병 환자의 혈관합병증에 따른 TAT 및 PIC, fibrinogen 농도는 합병증이 없는 군은 각각 4.1±2.4ng/mL, 362.2±272.0ng/mL, 322.7±102.4mg/mL으로 PIC와 fibrinogen의 증가를 보였으나, 연령을 보정한 후에는 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 또 대혈관 합병증군에서는 각각 6.0±4.9 ng/mL, 507.4±321.6 ng/mL, 427.1±194.7 mg/dL이었으며 미세·대혈관 합병증군에서는 10.4±6.4 ng/mL, 484.8±269.7 ng/mL, 388.4±132.4 mg/dL으로 TAT의 증가를 보였으나 역시 연령을 보정한 후에는 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 4. 미세혈관합병증군에서 HbA1c(>8%)가 높은 군의 PIC 농도가 유의하게 높았고(p=0.049), 대혈관합병증군에서 HbA1c(>8%)가 높은 군의 총 콜레스테롤 농도가 유의하게 높았다(p=0.042). 5. 총 당뇨병 환자군에서 PIC는 fibrinogen과 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를, BMI와 음의 상관관계를 보였으며(r=0.47, 0.31,-0.25), 혈관 합병증이 없는 당뇨병 환자군에서만 TAT는 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.67). 결론:이상의 결과에서 혈장 TAT 및 PIC 농도는 당뇨병 환자에서 정상 대조군에 비해 의미있게 증가되어 있었고, 당뇨병 환자군에서는 연령의 증가와 유병기간이 혈액응고항진 및 용해의 장애에 큰 역할을 함을 알 수 있었으며, 총 당뇨병 환자군에 PIC와 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를, BMI와 음의 상관관계를 보였으며 혈관 합병증이 없는 당뇨병 환자군에서만 TAT는 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 따라서 당뇨병 환자에서 혈액응고 및 용해의 장애가 동반되어 있다고 볼 수 있으며, 혈장 TAT 및 PIC는 혈관합병증으로의 진행을 예측하는 지표로서 유용하리라 생각된다. 또 혈당조절정도와 상관성이 있으므로 혈당조절후에 추적검사를 시행하여 합병증의 예방이 가능한지 추후 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다. Background : Abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolystic system is known as a predisposing factor of vascular complication in diabetes. Although the pathogenesis is not well known, non-enzymatic glycation reaction and the increase in production of free radicals due to an increased oxidative stress may be linked to the hypercoagulibility and hypofibrinolytic activity. As indices of abnormality in coagulation and firinolysis in peripheral blood, plasma thrombin-antithrombin Ⅲ complex (TAT) and plasmin-α_2-plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) were measured. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether hypercoagulability exists in diabetic patients with or without vascular complication. Methods : In our study, we measured plasma thrombin-antithrombin Ⅲ compelx (TAT) and plasmin-α_2-plasmin inhibit or complex (PIC) in 101 diabetic subjects and 20 controls. Comparing TAT and PIC levels in diabetic microvascular complication group, diabetic macrovascular complication group and controls, we examined correlation between risk factors associated with diabetic vascular complication. Results : 1. The group with diabetic vascular complication was older than group without complication. There was no significant difference in BMI, blood pressure, HbA_ic, blood sugar level, insulin, C-peptide, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, Lp (a) between two groups. The group with diabetic microvascular complication had longer duration of diabetes. 2. Concentration of TAT and PIC were 2.8±1.2 ng/ mL, 240.4±69.7 ng/ mL in controls and 9.5±22.6 ng/ mL, 472.2±258.7 ng/ mL in diabetic patients, respectively. TAT and PIC were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in control (p<0.001). But TAT/PIC ratio was no significant difference between two groups. 3. In diabetic patients, concentration of TAT and PIC and fibrinogen were respectively 4.1±2.4 ng/ mL, 362.2±272.0 ng/ mL, 322.7±102.4 mg/ dL in group without vascular complication and 5.3±4.1 ng/ mL, 529.5±258.7 ng/ mL, 374.9±106.2 mg/ dL in group with microvascular complication, which group had increase in PIC and Fibrinogen but no significance after correction of age. Concentration of TAT and PIC and Fibrinogen were 60.±4.9 ng/ mL, 507.4±321.6 ng/ mL, 427.1±194.7 mg/ dL in macrovascular complication, and 10.4±6.7 mg/ mL, 484.8±269.7 ng/ mL, 388.4±132.4 mg/ dL in combined vascular complication which group showed increase of TAT but also had no significant increase after correction of age. 4. In diabetic microvascular complication patients, group of high HbA_1c (>8%) (p=0.049) had significant high PIC concentration. In diabetic macrovascular complication patients, group of high HbA_1c (>8%) (p=0.042) had significant high total cholesterol concentration. 5. In all diabetic patients, PIC was positively correlated with fibrinogen and HbA_1c and negatively correlated BMI (r=0.47, 0.31, -0.25). Only in daibetic patients without angiopathy, TAT was positively correlated with HbA_1c (r=0.67). Conclusion : In this study, plasma TAT and PIC concentration significantly increased in diabetic patients compared with controls, and PIC was increased in group with microvascular complication, TAT were increased in group with combined micro macrovascular complication. However, there was no significance relationship existed when correctinf for age. PIC was correlated with HbA_1c. TAT was correlated with HbA_1c only in the group without angiopathy. Abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolysis were combined in diabetes, plasma TAT and PIC can be used as an index of vascular complication. Also we found the correlation with the degree of the blood glucose control. Therefore we need follow up study for the possibility of prevention of vascular complication after controlling the blood glucose to age-matched patients (J Kor Diaabetes Asso 25:354~363, 2001).

우리나라 자동차 시장 세분화 전략에 관한 연구

차수련,강희석 동국대학교 경제경영연구원 2000 經濟經營硏究 Vol.24 No.1

This research is in search of the new criteria of market segmentation for Korea motorcar market. This market was usually segmented by price and basic demographics such as age, education and job and so on. In order to develop new criteria, we discuss also about some traditional segmentation methodologies and propose more effective method for this type of approach. Main topic of this research are as follows; We develop criteria which are made up of a lifestyle and demographics both. Quantitative criteria were mainly used up to the present, for it is easy to interpret and recalcurable. We are tring to mix quantitative and qualitative criteria instead, for this is more implicable and suggestive, besides also remeasurable. Using these types of segmentation criteria, we found 3 sub market segmentations such as 1. mental value oriented group which is mainly originated from white color, 2. conservative value oriented group which is mainly originated from housewives, 3. modern and new generation value oriented group which is mainly originated from specialists. Each group has different needs for car, we can build totally new market segmentation strategy for Korea motorcar market. This fact itself also suggestive in view of a concrete market analysis. We develop each group's ideal car concept positioning. Compared with old existent market segmentation, this type of approach based on lifestyle and demographics will give an intuition that is qualitatively more affluent and quantitative more stable.

海外市場調査와 國際 마아케팅

차수련,지용선 동국대학교 대학원 1990 大學院硏究論集-東國大學校 大學院 Vol.20 No.-

International Marketing management is faced with three basic demensions. The first is whether to engage in international marketing activities at all. Secondly, if a company decides that it wants to do business in international mark ets, then a decision had to be made concerning what specific individual markets are to be served. Finally, the company must determine how it is going to serve these markets includes planning and strategy with regard to products, promotion, channels of distribution and price. But, a firms international marketing mix was surrounded by uncontrollable external environment within which it must operate. In this article, my concern is primarily with the foreign environment, as it is the demension which may affect the exporting business firm in ways that the firm finds unfamliar. There are many distinct components of the environment which can affect the exporting company. Therefore, the exporting company must to find the opportunities and threats in foreign market after it researches the firms export potential. Often the export marketing research is a more difficult and comples task than the domestic marketing research. however, the same principles and practices of conducting secondary and primary research that are available to domestic marketers are available to export marketers.

전반사 장애를 이용한 멀티터치 시스템의 구현

차수정,이구연 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2010 産業技術硏究 Vol.30 No.A

In this paper, we implement a multi-touch system using FIDR. The implementation consists of hardware manufacture and development of image processing system. In the hardware system, touch screen, infrared LED placements and infrared camera are made. The image processing procedure is to extract each pointer's coordinates from image data and includes binary-coding, noise-elimination, labeling and calculation of mass center. From the implementation, we are able to make a multi-touch system with considerably lower cost than the existing ones.

消費者의 購買選擇에 관한 理論的 考察

차수련,채연수 동국대학교 대학원 1990 大學院硏究論集-東國大學校 大學院 Vol.20 No.-

In the Marketplace, consumer buy that the various product classes are represented by numberous brands, The total set is composed of al brands within a product category that exist in that market, However, consumers may not be aware of all of the brands that exist. Thus there is an awareness set and an unawareness set. The consumer makes a purchase choice from among the brands in the awareness set. The awareness set consists of evoked set. inert set(consisting of brands for which the consumer has insufficient information for evaluation), and inept set(consisting of those brands the consumer has rejected from purchase consideration). The brands that become alternatives to the buyer's choice decision are generally a small number. collectively called his evoked set. A brand would be an element of the buyer's evoked set if he would consider it as an alternative if purchase decision were made now. To evaluate the products in the evoked set. a consumer establishes a set of criteria against which to compare the products' characteristics. These criteria are characteristics or features that are desired (or not desired ) by the buyer. A consumer evaluates a brand on the basis of a number of choice criteria. These criteria are the standards and specifications the consumer uses in evaluating product and brands. They define the preferred product brand features that a consumer seeks in a purchase and be either objective of subjective in nature. Virtually any type of product-related consequence can be a choice criterion in a brand-choice decision, induding salient beliefs about functional consequence. psychosocial consequence or value consequence. Evaluative criteria may vary from one consumer to another and change over time. The number and type of evaluative criteria may vary by product. Consumer decision (or choice) rules are procedures employed by consumers to facilitate brand choice, Such rules serve to reduce the burden of making complex decisions by providing guidelines or routines that makes the process less taxing. Consumer choice rulues have been broadly classified into two major categories : comepensatory rule and noncompensatory rules. In following a compensatory decision rull, a perceived weakness or negative evaluation on one criterion in compensated for by a positive evaluation on another criterion. Seprate evaluations for each choice alternative are combined to form overall evaluation of each one. Then highest-rated alternative is chosen. In comparison. non compensatory rules do not allow consumer to balance a positive evaluation of a brand on one attribute against a negative evaluation of the same brand on some attribute. There are four rules in noncompensatory rules: conjunctive, disjunctive, lexicographic and sequential elimination rule. Consumers using noncompensatory rule establishes a minimum acceptable level for each choice criterion. In conjunctive rule, consumer accept an alternative only if every citeria equals or exceeds the minimum cutoff level. In disjunctive rule, a product is acceptable if it exceeds the minimum level on at least on criterion. In lexicographic rule, consumer ranks choice criteria from most to least important and choose the best alternative on the most important criterion consumer using elimination rule selects one criterion and eliminates all alternatives that do not exceed the cutoff level. He continues eliminating alternatives until one alternative remains and chooses it. It is important for marketer to determine whether his brand is perceived as being in the consumer's evoked, inert, or intept set, Marketer should know consumer's choice criterion and rules. Thus he can influence consumer to buy his brand.