http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Inhibition of NF-κB-induced inflammatory responses by angiotensin II antagonists in aged rat kidney
Kim, J.M.,Heo, H.S.,Choi, Y.J.,Ye, B.H.,Mi Ha, Y.,Seo, A.Y.,Yu, B.P.,Leeuwenburgh, C.,Chung, H.Y.,Carter, C.S. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2011 Experimental Gerontology Vol.46 No.7
In this study, we explored the mechanisms by which the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), enalapril, and the Ang II receptor blocker (ARB), losartan suppress oxidative stress and NF-κB activation-induced inflammatory responses in aged rat kidney. The experimentations were carried out utilizing aged (24-month-old) Brown NorwayxFischer 344 (F1) male rats which were randomized into 3 groups and administered enalapril (40mg/kg), losartan (30mg/kg) or placebo for 6months (daily p.o.). The level of reactive species (RS), peroxynitrite (ONOO<SUP>-</SUP>), GSH/GSSG and lipid peroxidation were measured. The activity of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB, and gene expression of proteins in upstream signaling cascades were measured by electro-mobility shift assay (EMSA) and Western blotting. Enalapril and losartan differentially attenuated redox imbalance and the redox-sensitive transcription factor, the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, stimulation of the NF-κB activation pathway by phosphorylation of p65 was attenuated by both compounds. Moreover, mediation of phosphorylation of p65 by phosphorylation of IκB kinase αβ (IKKαβ) and mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 (MSK-1), were also inhibited by enalapril and losartan. Finally, both compounds also lowered expression of NF-κB-dependent inflammatory genes, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Only losartan lowered levels of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). These findings indicate that enalapril and losartan differentially suppress inflammatory responses via inhibition of oxidative stress-induced NF-κB activation in aged rat kidney.
Advances in Simulation of Arbitrary 3D Crack Growth using FRANC3Dv5
Wawrzynek, P.A.,Carter, B.J.,Hwang, Chang-Yu,Ingraffea, A.R. Computational Structural Engineering Institute of 2010 한국전산구조공학회논문집 Vol.23 No.6
FRANC3D is a program for simulating arbitrary three-dimensional crack growth. Recently, a completely new version of the program, FRANC3D/NG, has been created. Unlike previous versions, which relied largely on boundary element analysis, the new version of the program works with finite element analysis exclusively and is designed to work with general-purpose commercial finite element packages. This paper presents the theoretical underpinnings of the procedures to adaptively modify the geometry and mesh of a model to simulate crack growth.