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Eligible strategies of drought response to improve drought resistance in woody crops: a mini-review
Carraro Elia,Di Iorio Antonino 한국식물생명공학회 2022 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.16 No.3
Drought is the main abiotic stress that negatively affects the crop yield. Due to the rapid climate change, actual plant defence mechanisms may be less effective against increased drought stress and other related or co-occurring abiotic stresses such as salt and high temperature. Thus, genetic engineering approaches may be an important tool for improving drought tolerance in crops. This mini-review focuses on the responses to drought stress of the woody crop species Olea europaea and Citrus sp . , selecting in particular five main strategies adopted by plants in response to drought stress: aquaporin (AQPs) expression, antioxidant activity, ABA signalling, and trehalose and proline accumulation. Transgenic studies on both the herbaceous Arabidopsis and woody Populus plant models showed an improvement in drought resistance with increasing expression of these drought-inducible genes. Outcomes from the present study suggest the overexpression of the gene families associated with AQPs and ABA biosynthesis, mainly involved in regulating water transport and in preventing water loss, respectively, as candidate targets for improving drought resistance; antioxidants-, trehalose- and proline-related genes remain valid candidates for resistance to a wider spectrum of abiotic stressors, including drought. However, the contribution of an increased stiffness of the modulus elasticity of leaf parenchyma cell walls to the rapid recovery of leaf water potential, delaying by this way the stress onset, is not a secondary aspect of the transgenic optimization, in particular for Olea cultivars.
Federica Cozza,Andrea Lizio,Lucia Catherine Greco,Stefania Bona,Giordana Donvito,Elena Carraro,Silvia Tavazzi,Nicola Ticozzi,Barbara Poletti,Valeria Ada Sansone,Christian Lunetta 대한신경과학회 2021 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.17 No.1
Background and Purpose The study aimed to obtain optometric findings of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients in different stages of the disease, and to determine the relation between ocular data and ALS-related features; that is, functional and cognitive impairment and staging. Methods The optometric protocol included tests of the ocular motility [broad-H test and Northeastern State University College of Optometry (NSUCO) test], near point of convergence (NPC), error refraction, best-corrected visual acuity, and binocular visual alignment, and an ocular symptoms questionnaire. The functional measures included the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale–revised (ALSFRS-r) and Milano-Torino staging (Mi- ToS), and cognitive impairment was assessed using the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS). Demographic and clinical features were also collected, including whether the patients used an eye-tracking communication device (ETCD). Results Two-hundred consecutive ALS patients (median age of 64 years, 118 males and 82 females) in different stages of disease were recruited. Nearly 70% of patients reported at least one ocular symptom, and the use of an ETCD was found to be significantly related to the presence of most symptoms. Moreover, the severely symptomatic group was characterized by significantly lower ALSFRS-r total and subscale scores, and higher MiToS. Abnormal NPC values were significantly related to lower ALSFRS-r total and bulbar-subscale scores. Patients with acceptable NSUCO test values exhibited significantly higher ECAS scores. Conclusions The presence of ocular alteration in patients in different stages of ALS supports the idea that this is a multisystem disorder and emphasizes the importance of optometric evaluations in multidisciplinary assessments to address ocular impairment early in the disease process
Chi, Won Seok,Lee, Chang Soo,Long, Hu,Oh, Myoung Hwan,Zettl, Alex,Carraro, Carlo,Kim, Jong Hak,Maboudian, Roya American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.42
<P>A simple and flexible strategy for controlled synthesis of mesoporous metal oxide films using an amphiphilic graft copolymer as sacrificial template is presented and the effectiveness of this approach for gas-sensing applications is reported. The amphiphilic graft copolymer poly(vinyl chloride)-g-poly(oxyethylene methacrylate) (PVC-g POEM) is used as a sacrificial template for the direct synthesis of mesoporous SnO2. The graft copolymer self assembly is shown to enable good control over the morphology of the resulting SnO2 layer. Using this approach, mesoporous SnO2 based sensors with varied porosity are fabricated in situ on a microheater platform. This method reduces the interfacial contact resistance between the chemically sensitive materials and the microheater, while a simple fabrication process is provided. The sensors show significantly different gas-sensing performances depending on the SnO2 porosity, with the highly mesoporous SnO2 sensor exhibiting high sensitivity, low detection limit, and fast response and recovery toward hydrogen gas. This printable solution-based method can be used reproducibly to fabricate a variety of mesoporous metal oxide layers with tunable morphologies on various substrates for high-performance applications.</P>
Maria Gemelli,Elena Maria Elli,Chiara Elena,Alessandra Iurlo,Tamara Intermesoli,Margherita Maffioli,Ester Pungolino,Maria Cristina Carraro,Mariella D’Adda,Francesca Lunghi,Michela Anghileri,Nicola Pol 대한혈액학회 2020 Blood Research Vol.55 No.3
BackgroundGeneric formulations of imatinib mesylate have been introduced in Western Europe since 2017 to treat patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, results on the safety and efficacy of generic formulations are contrasting. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of generic imatinib in CML patients treated in 12 Italian institutes.MethodsThis is an observational, retro-prospective analysis of patients with CML for whom the treatment was switched from brand to generic imatinib. We analyzed and compared the variation in quantitative PCR values before and after the switch, and the proportion of patients who maintained molecular response after changing from brand to generic imatinib. Adverse events (AEs) were also evaluated. ResultsTwo hundred patients were enrolled. The median PCR value after the switch was reduced by 0.25 compared to the values before the switch. A significant difference was found be-tween median PCR values before and after the switch in favor of generic imatinib (P= 0.003). Molecular responses remained stable in 69.0%, improved in 25.5%, and wors-ened in 5.5% of patients. AEs were similar in the pre- and post-switch periods; however, a significant difference was found in favor of generic imatinib for muscular cramps (P<0.0001), periorbital edema (P=0.0028), edema of the limbs (P<0.0001), fatigue (P=0.0482), and diarrhea (P=0.0027).ConclusionOur data indicate that generic imatinib does not have deleterious effects on CML control and present an acceptable safety profile, similar or better than brand imatinib.
Correlation between muscle mass, nutritional status and physical performance of elderly people
Thiago Neves,Carlos Alexandre Fett,Eduardo Ferriolli,Milene Giovana Crespilho Souza,Adilson Domingos dos Reis Filho,Marcela Bomfim Martin Lopes,Neusa Maria Carraro Martins,Waleria Christiane Rezende Fe 대한골다공증학회 2018 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.4 No.4
Objectives: This study evaluated the relationship between the skeletal muscle mass (SMM), obtained by predictive equations, and the body composition, nutritional aspects, functionality and physical performance in elderly people. Methods: The sample consisted of adults aged 65 years or over from the cross-sectional study of the Brazilian Elderly Frailty Study Network, in Cuiaba, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The anthropometric parameters, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and handgrip strength (HGS) were evaluated. The SMM was estimated by 2 predictive anthropometric equations. Results: Both SMM equations correlated with age, anthropometric indices, SPPB, IADL, and HGS. However, only HGS and neck circumference strongly correlated in both equations, being higher in SMM II. Conclusions: It seems that both equations are sensitive to obtain the SMM, contributing to the diagnosis of sarcopenia, nutritional status, and a physical performance condition.