새로운 社會

CARR, EDWARD HALLRETT 이화여자대학교 법정대학 법정학회 1960 法政學報 Vol.3 No.-

Cell membrane enolase of Aedes albopictus C6/36 cells is involved in the entrance mechanism of dengue virus (DENV)

Brito-Carreón Cesar Armando,Zavala-Maldonado Karla,Suárez-Andino Erika Ivette,David Randy E.,Perez- Ramírez Gerardo,Diaz-Badillo Alvaro,Muñoz María de Lourdes 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.2

Currently, there are no antiviral drugs that effectively reduce the risks and treat the symptoms associated with dengue virus (DENV). Consequently, efforts remain primarily focused on transmission reduction. One such effort concerns DENV receptors in mosquito vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Despite a lack of direct evidence demonstrating the binding of DENV to cells in mosquito vectors, one putative DENV binding protein has been α-enolase. To develop a deeper understanding, this study tested whether DENV proteins bind to enolase localized in the cytoplasmic membrane of C6/36 cells using both anti-enolase-specific antibodies, and by colocalization analysis, using confocal microscopy. Additionally, to probe the interaction of enolase with the DENV E protein, we performed a docking analysis using PatchDock and FireDock software packages. Study results demonstrate that the DENV E protein interacts with enolase in the plasma membrane of C6/36 cells of Ae. albopictus. Specific anti-enolase antibodies were found to inhibit DENV infection of these cells. Moreover, enolase was found to be localized to the cytoplasmic mem brane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. These combined findings suggest that enolase participates in the entrance mechanism of DENV into vector cells.

Metabolites in cultured cells of Ibervillea sonorae (S. Watson) Greene display increased hypoglycemic activity compared to that seen in plant roots

Ilse-Yazmín Arciniega-Carreón,María-Guadalupe Ramírez-Sotelo,Ana C. Ramos-Valdivia,Carlos Edmundo Salas,Arturo Ortega,Carmen Oliver-Salvador 한국원예학회 2020 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.61 No.6

Ibervillea sonorae (S. Watson) Greene, (huereque) is an endemic shrub whose roots are used in traditional medicine to treatdiabetes. Here, we establish cell cultures of I. sonorae to evaluate the presence of antidiabetic metabolites. Stem and rootssections were incubated on media with diff erent concentrations of growth regulators to induce calli. Using B5 mediumcontaining 25 g L −1 sucrose, 150 mg L −1 ascorbic acid, 6 g L −1 agar–agar, supplemented with 0.5 mg L −1 α-naphthaleneaceticacid, 0.5 mg L −1 benzyladenine and 1 mg L −1 indole-3-acetic acid, 95% calli induction was attained. Flavonoids andphenols in I. sonorae cultured cell suspension were investigated. The methanol extracts exhibited antioxidant activity thatwas attributed to phenolic compounds. These extracts stimulated glucose uptake more effi caciously than I. sonorae plantroots. This study demonstrates that in vitro cultured cells stand as a good option for production of hypoglycemic metabolites.

Calibration of the X-ray Diffraction Technique in Measuring In-service Stresses in Corrugated Steel Bars

Santiago Sánchez-Beitia,Daniel Luengas-Carreño,Paulo B. Lourenço 한국강구조학회 2021 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.21 No.6

The X-ray diff raction technique for determining residual stresses in construction steels has been commonly used in the international scientifi c community for decades. Taking advantage of the concepts on which the technique is based, the authors have previously calibrated and used the technique for the in situ determination of the stress states of metallic structures in service. This article presents an advance in the latter utility by means of the laboratory calibration of the X-ray diff raction technique in corrugated steel. The interaction between radiation and steel is complex, so, in the scientifi c community, it is considered pertinent to resort to empirical and experimental calibration processes. Two bars of corrugated steel were subjected to increasing tensile loads. The load states introduced in the testing machine were compared with those determined by X-ray diff raction. The correlation between the values of the loads applied and those determined by the proposed technique is excellent. The experimental conditions of the calibration tests are precisely detailed so that they are easily reproducible. This work represents a necessary fi rst step in employing the technique in the buildings or civil works.

Mixtures of Cellulose Fibers from Pineapple Leaves, Ionic Liquid, and Alkanolamines for CO2 Capture

María Fernanda Agudelo Hernández,Marisol Fernández Rojas,Franciele Bernard,Sandra Einloft,Luz Angela Carreño Diaz 한국섬유공학회 2020 Fibers and polymers Vol.21 No.12

Researchers around the world are looking for ways to improve or develop new technologies to mitigate theemissions of CO2 present in greenhouse gases. Amines are currently the most used substances to capture CO2. The ionicliquids (ILs), however, have also been considered promising materials. Recently, mixtures of ILs and amines have beenstudied for this purpose. The ILs are also being supported in solid matrices (polymers, zeolites, cellulose, and membranes) toobtain stable, easy to handle, and reusable materials. Cellulose fibers make a promising matrix, considering their affinity withCO2, renewable feature, and thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability. To improve the CO2 capture capacity by usingcellulose and the mixture of ILs and amines, we prepared mixtures of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumtetrafluoroborate [BMIM][BF4] and monoethanolamine or triethanolamine. Then, we dropped the mixtures on naturalcellulose fibers from pineapple leaves. This paper reports the characterization of the composite materials by FTIR, XRD,XPS, FESEM, and TGA-FTIR in order to evaluate their structure, composition, morphology, and thermal behavior. We alsoreport the CO2 sorption capacity at 25 °C and 25 bar as determined by the pressure-decay technique as well as the CO2selectivity using a CO2/CH4 mixture. We found that the fiber with an alkaline treatment containing 35 % of IL and 35 % ofTEA captures the highest amount of CO2 (141 mg of CO2/g of fiber) and that the mixture TEA/IL is more selective for CO2.

Economic Integration, Asymmetries and the Desirability of a Monetary Union

Carre´, Martine,Levasseur, Sandrine,Portier, Franck 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 2000 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.15 No.2

Symmetry of shocks across countries is often considered as a necessary condition for a monetary union. We show that the measure of shocks symmetry does not reveal a deep parameter, and depends on economic integration. The more integrated economies are, the more asymmetric are GDPs for a given set of sectoral shocks.

산란계사의 시설개선

Carr Lewis.E. 대한양계협회 1991 월간 양계 Vol.23 No.4

계사시설, 환경관리, 시설자동화, 자동통제 및 전산화, 계분의 처리와 이용에 관해 검토해 보았다. 노후시설의 개선 또는 계사를 신축할 때는 다음과 같은 사항을 고려하여 계획을 세워야 한다. $\bullet$계사내부의 적정온도 유지를 위한 단열 $\bullet$자동급이 시설, 즉 사료탱크에서 체인 또는 링급이기로 사료의 자동이동 $\bullet$현재의 케이지에 가능한 자동집란 장치 $\bullet$여건이 적합하다면 자동화 케이지로 교체 $\bullet$노출된 급수통을 니플로 교체 $\bullet$계란 유통시 냉장이 완벽히 이루어지지 않는다면 계란 품질 보전을 위한 미네랄 코팅 $\bullet$계분처리방식중 노동력절감 및 공해방지 측면에서 가장 바람직한 형태를 선택 $\bullet$계사를 신축하는 경우 자동화 케이지 시스템과 계류장방식의 계분처리 체계의 선택을 신중히 검토 위와 같은 사항들은 산란계사 시설개선을 위한 의사결정에 도움을 줄 것으로 확신된다. 의사결정의 최종선택기준은 수익성에 있다!

통증조절 : 새로운 동기와 방법들 The New "Whys" and "Hows"

Carr, Daniel B.,송선옥 大韓痛症學會 1991 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.4 No.-

새로운社會 (完)

Carr, E. H. 이화여자대학교 법정대학 법정학회 1961 法政學報 Vol.4 No.-

Plant defense signals: Players and pawns in plant-virus-vector interactions

Carr, John P.,Murphy, Alex M.,Tungadi, Trisna,Yoon, Ju-Yeon Elsevier 2019 Plant science Vol.279 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Plant viruses face an array of host defenses. Well-studied responses that protect against viruses include effector-triggered immunity, induced resistance (such as systemic acquired resistance mediated by salicylic acid), and RNA silencing. Recent work shows that viruses are also affected by non-host resistance mechanisms; previously thought to affect only bacteria, oomycetes and fungi. However, an enduring puzzle is how viruses are inhibited by several inducible host resistance mechanisms. Many viruses have been shown to encode factors that inhibit antiviral silencing. A number of these, including the cucumoviral 2b protein, the poytviral P1/HC-Pro and, respectively, geminivirus or satellite DNA-encoded proteins such as the C2 or βC1, also inhibit defensive signaling mediated by salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. This helps to explain how viruses can, in some cases, overcome host resistance. Additionally, interference with defensive signaling provides a means for viruses to manipulate plant-insect interactions. This is important because insects, particularly aphids and whiteflies, transmit many viruses. Indeed, there is now substantial evidence that viruses can enhance their own transmission through their effects on hosts. Even more surprisingly, it appears that viruses may be able to manipulate plant interactions with beneficial insects by, for example, ‘paying back’ their hosts by attracting pollinators.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Plants possess multiple antiviral defenses. </LI> <LI> Many of these depend on biosynthesis of signal chemicals. </LI> <LI> Plant viruses have evolved counter-defense factors. </LI> <LI> Viral proteins including counter-defense factors can affect host-insect interactions. </LI> <LI> Manipulation of host-insect interactions may facilitate virus transmission. </LI> </UL> </P>