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Introducing a novel mesh following technique for approximation-free robotic tool path trajectories
Carmelo Mineo,Stephen Gareth Pierce,Pascual Ian Nicholson,Ian Cooper 한국CDE학회 2017 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.4 No.3
Modern tools for designing and manufacturing of large components with complex geometries allow more flexible production with reduced cycle times. This is achieved through a combination of traditional subtractive approaches and new additive manufacturing processes. The problem of generating optimum tool-paths to perform specific actions (e.g. part manufacturing or inspection) on curved surface samples, through numerical control machinery or robotic manipulators, will be increasingly encountered. Part variability often precludes using original design CAD data directly for toolpath generation (especially for composite materials), instead surface mapping software is often used to generate tessellated models. However, such models differ from precise analytical models and are often not suitable to be used in current commercially available path-planning software, since they require formats where the geometrical entities are mathematically represented thus introducing approximation errors which propagate into the generated toolpath. This work adopts a fundamentally different approach to such surface mapping and presents a novel Mesh Following Technique (MFT) for the generation of tool-paths directly from tessellated models. The technique does not introduce any approximation and allows smoother and more accurate surface following tool-paths to be generated. The background mathematics to the new MFT algorithm are introduced and the algorithm is validated by testing through an application example. Comparative metrology experiments were undertaken to assess the tracking performance of the MFT algorithms, compared to tool-paths generated through commercial software. It is shown that the MFT tool-paths produced 40% smaller errors and up to 66% lower dispersion around the mean values.
Vibration-based structural health monitoring of stay cables by microwave remote sensing
Carmelo Gentile,Alessandro Cabboi 국제구조공학회 2015 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.16 No.2
Microwave remote sensing is probably the most recent experimental technique suitable to the non-contact measurement of deflections on large structures, in static or dynamic conditions. In the first part of the paper, the main techniques adopted in microwave remote sensing are described, so that advantages and potential issues of these techniques are presented and discussed. Subsequently, the paper addresses the application of the radar technology to the measurement of the vibration response on the stay cables of two cable-stayed bridges. The dynamic tests were performed in operational conditions (i.e. with the excitation being mainly provided by micro-tremors, wind and traffic) and the maximum deflections of the cables were generally lower than 5.0 mm. The investigation clearly highlights: (a) the safe and simple use of the radar on site and its effectiveness to simultaneously measure the dynamic response of all the stay cables of an array; (b) the negligible effects of the typical issues and uncertainties that might affect the radar measurements; (c) the accuracy of the results provided by the microwave remote sensing in terms of natural frequencies and tension forces of the stay cables; (d) the suitability of microwave interferometry to the repeated application within Structural Health Monitoring programmes.
Novel algorithms for 3D surface point cloud boundary detection and edge reconstruction
Carmelo Mineo,Stephen Gareth Pierce,Rahul Summan 한국CDE학회 2019 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.6 No.1
Tessellated surfaces generated from point clouds typically show inaccurate and jagged boundaries. This can lead to tolerance errors and problems such as machine judder if the model is used for ongoing man-ufacturing applications. This paper introduces a novel boundary point detection algorithm and spatial FFT-based filtering approach, which together allow for direct generation of low noise tessellated surfaces from point cloud data, which are not based on pre-defined threshold values. Existing detection tech-niques are optimized to detect points belonging to sharp edges and creases. The new algorithm is tar-geted at the detection of boundary points and it is able to do this better than the existing methods. The FFT-based edge reconstruction eliminates the problem of defining a specific polynomial function order for optimum polynomial curve fitting. The algorithms were tested to analyse the results and mea-sure the execution time for point clouds generated from laser scanned measurements on a turbofan engine turbine blade with varying numbers of member points. The reconstructed edges fit the boundary points with an improvement factor of 4.7 over a standard polynomial fitting approach. Furthermore, through adding artificial noise it has been demonstrated that the detection algorithm is very robust for out-of-plane noise lower than 25% of the cloud resolution and it can produce satisfactory results when the noise is lower than 75%.
Comparative Sequence Analysis of a Multidrug-Resistant Plasmid from Aeromonas hydrophila
del Castillo, Carmelo S.,Hikima, Jun-ichi,Jang, Ho-Bin,Nho, Seong-Won,Jung, Tae-Sung,Wongtavatchai, Janenuj,Kondo, Hidehiro,Hirono, Ikuo,Takeyama, Haruko,Aoki, Takashi American Society for Microbiology 2013 Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy Vol.57 No.1
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>Aeromonas hydrophilais a pathogenic bacterium that has been implicated in fish, animal, and human disease. Recently, a multidrug resistance (MDR) plasmid, pR148, was isolated fromA. hydrophilaobtained from a tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) farm in Thailand. pR148 is a 165,906-bp circular plasmid containing 147 coding regions showing highest similarity to pNDM-1_Dok1, an MDR plasmid isolated from a human pathogen. pR148 was also very similar to other IncA/C plasmids isolated from humans, animals, food, and fish. pR148 contains a mercuric resistance operon and encodes the complete set of genes for the type 4 secretion system. pR148 encodes a Tn<I>21</I>type transposon. This transposon contains the drug resistance genes<I>qacH</I>,<I>bla</I>OXA-10,<I>aadA1</I>, and<I>sul1</I>in a class 1 integron;<I>tetA</I>and<I>tetR</I>in transposon Tn<I>1721</I>; and<I>catA2</I>and a duplicate<I>sul1</I>in a locus showing 100% similarity to IncU plasmids isolated from fish. The<I>bla</I>OXA-10and<I>aadA1</I>genes showed 100% similarity to those from theAcinetobacter baumanniiAYE genome. The similarity of pR148 to a human pathogen-derived plasmid indicates that the plasmids were either transferred between different genera or that they are derived from a common origin. Previous studies have shown that IncA/C plasmids retain a conserved backbone, while the accessory region points to lateral gene transfer. These observations point out the dangers of indiscriminate use of antibiotics in humans and in animals and the necessity of understanding how drug resistance determinants are disseminated and transferred.</P>
Characterization and functional analysis of two PKR genes in fugu (<i>Takifugu rubripes</i>)
del Castillo, Carmelo S.,Hikima, Jun-ichi,Ohtani, Maki,Jung, Tae-Sung,Aoki, Takashi Elsevier 2012 FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY Vol.32 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>PKR (protein kinase R) is a serine–threonine kinase that inhibits protein synthesis by the phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha (eIF2α), and activates NFκB by inducing NFκB-inducing kinase and IκB (inhibitor of NFκB) kinase. This can lead to antiviral and anti-proliferative effects. In this study, the complete sequence and organization of two fugu PKR genes (fPKRs) were determined by <I>in silico</I> analysis and conventional PCR. The full-length <I>fPKR1</I> and <I>fPKR2</I> genes were 3832 bp and 4325 bp, which encoded 523 and 492 amino acids, respectively. Both encoded two dsRNA binding domains and a Serine/Threonine protein kinase domain, and showed very high similarity to green spotted puffer PKRs. Gene expression of the two fPKRs was measured by quantitative real-time PCR on tissue samples from healthy fish and peripheral blood leukocytes stimulated with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (PolyI:C) or lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The fPKRs were highly expressed in the skin and fPKR2 was significantly induced in PBLs by PolyI:C but not by LPS. The fPKRs inhibited translation of a luciferase reporter gene in a dose-dependent manner and induced transcriptional activity of a mammalian NFκB luciferase reporter. These results demonstrate that two PKRs in a single species can both be independently, but not equally, functional and support the hypothesis that fish PKRs have roles in the innate immune response similar to those of mammalian PKRs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>► The complete sequence and structure of two PKR genes in fugu were determined. ► The fugu PKRs were highly expressed in the skin of healthy fish. ► The fugu PKRs were demonstrated to inhibit luciferase activity and induce NFκB.</P>
Impact of COVID-19 on the daily routine of radiology clinics
Juliana de Carvalho Carmelo,Tatielly Karine Costa Alves,Micheline Salim Khouri,Rafael Pereira da Mata Santos,Lizandra Gonzaga Rodrigues,Maria Eugenia Alvarez-Leite,Flávio Ricardo Manzi 대한영상치의학회 2020 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.50 No.3
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Detecting and localizing anomalies on masonry towers from low-cost vibration monitoring
Paolo Borlenghi,Carmelo Gentile,Antonella Saisi 국제구조공학회 2021 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.27 No.2
The structural health of masonry towers can be monitored by installing few accelerometers (or seismometers) at the top of the building. This cost-effective setup provides continuous and reliable information on the natural frequencies of the structure and allows to detect the occurrence of structural anomalies; however, to move from anomaly detection to localization with such a simplified distribution of sensors, a calibrated numerical model is needed. The paper summarizes the development of a Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) procedure for the model-based damage assessment in masonry towers using frequency data. The proposed methodology involves the subsequent steps: (i) preliminary analysis including geometric survey and ambient vibration tests; (ii) FE modeling and updating based on the identified modal parameters; (iii) creation of a Damage Location Reference Matrix (DLRM) from numerically simulated damage scenarios; (iv) detection of the onset of damage from the analysis of the continuously collected vibration data, and (v) localization of the anomalies through the comparison between the experimentally identified variations of natural frequencies and the above-defined DLRM matrix. The proposed SHM methodology is exemplified on the ancient <i>Zuccaro</i> tower in Mantua, Italy. Pseudo-experimental monitoring data were generated and employed to assess the reliability of the developed algorithm in identifying the damage location. The results show a promise toward the practical applications of the proposed strategy for the early identification of damage in ancient towers.