Le blanc, ou l'étude de l'évolution d'une donnée cognitiveculturelle dans les livres non fictionnels pour enfants

Carine DEVILLON 프랑스학회 2013 프랑스학연구 Vol.65 No.-

이 글은 학생들에게 색이 문화적 인지 자료이고 그들과 언어와의 관계가 단순히 단어들과 맺는 관계와는 다른 것임을 이해시키도록 하기 위해서, 흰색의 의미가 어떻게 형성되고 변화하는 지를 드러내고자 한다. 이를 위해 프랑스 아동들의 초기 교육용 그림책(알파벳, 사물, 색깔, 단어 등의 입문용 그림책)에 사용되는 다양한 색 소개방식을 살피고 이 소개방식들이 문화적 맥락, 즉 역사적 사건이나, 인쇄술과 같은 기술의 발전, 편집방식의 유행, 미적규범, 취향 등에 따라 변모함을 보인다. 소위 <기본색>이라 불리는 색깔 군(파란색, 흰색, 회색, 노란색, 검정색, 주황색, 주홍색, 빨간색, 초록색, 자주색)에 속하는 흰색은 하나의 색으로 간주되면서도 또한 색인 아닌 것으로 간주되기도 하기에 다른 색들과는 구별되는 특별한 중요성을 갖는다. 흰색이 부가적 합성 시에는 모든 색들을 통합한다는 점에서는 손색없는 색이지만 감산적 합성 시에는 무색으로 간주된다는 것은 주지의 사실이다. 흰색이 지닌 이러한 본질적 중의성은 시각적 측면의 또 다른 중의성과 맞닿아 있다. 사실, 우리가 대상으로 삼은 많은 아동용 도서에서 이미지의 흰색 부분은 색칠이 되지 않은 상태, 즉 인쇄되지 않은 상태로 나타난다. 이는 인쇄 기술에 의해서 설명되는데 이러한 점에서 흰색은 《수색성(收色性) 색》으로 간주된다. 여기서 다음과 같은 질문이 제기된다. 물리적 중의성이 문화적 중의성에 의해 더욱 강화되는 이 색깔, 흰색을 아동들에게 어떤 방식으로 접하게 하는가? 이 질문에 대해 우리는 이 연구의 대상이 되는 1945년부터 현대에 이르는 시기를 세 단계로 나누어 답한다. 첫 단계인 1945-1954 시기는 다양한 색상의 상품 생산이 폭증하던 때로 흰색은 무엇보다도 페이지의 색깔, 다른 이미지의 배경으로만 나타난다. 둘째 단계인 1955-1970년 이전 시기는 생산이 규범에 따라 이뤄지던 시기인 만큼 흰색을 자율적인 인지의 대상으로 간주하는 책은 아주 드물다. 하지만 흰색을 자율적 인지대상으로 간주하는 사람들은 흰색에 특별한 지위를 부여한다. 즉, 흰색은 인쇄되는 색이 아니라 인쇄의 배경이 되는 색이라고 간주한다. 마지막 단계인 1970년대-현재 시기는 비로소 흰색이 하나의 온전한 색으로 간주된 시기이다. 아동용 도서 출간이 개척적으로 시도되던 이 시기에는 색이 강력한 표현수단으로 사용된다. 특히, 2000년대 논픽션 아동용 도서들에서는 흰색을 진정한 하나의 색으로 간주할 뿐 아니라 그 본질적 이중성을 의식하고 의도적으로 활용한다. 이렇게 흰색의 입문교육 방식의 다양함과 그 방식의 변모 과정을 밝힘으로써 흰색이 어떠한 점에서 문화적 실체인가를 보인다. 그 과정과 결과는 프랑스에서는 보지 못하지만 다른 문화를 가진 국가들에서는 볼 수 있는 여러 측면들을 드러냄으로써 색에 대한 담론들을 풍요롭게 하는 교육적 효과를 가져다 줄 것으로 기대된다.

De la bonne utilisation des documents visuels authentiques dans les classes de FLE

Carine Devillon 한국프랑스어문교육학회 2008 프랑스어문교육 Vol.28 No.-

이 논문에서는 실제 시각 자료들을 프랑스어 교육에 효과적으로 활용하기 위하여 이들 자료에 대한 다양한 독서틀을 제시하고자 한다. 실제 시각 자료란 교육 목적으로 가공되지 않은 상태의 시각 자료들을 말하는데, 일상생활에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 만화, 풍자 카툰, 그림, 광고 이미지 등이 이에 속한다. 이들 실제 시각 자료는 1980년대부터 외국어로서의 프랑스어 교육의 기저가 되어온 의사소통적 접근법의 핵심요소로서 프랑스어 회화 교재에서 없어서는 안 될 중요한 위치를 점하고 있다. 이 논문에서는 우선 실제 시각 자료가 무엇인지를 명확히 하고, 프랑스어 교육에서 학습자의 수준과 기대, 목표에 따라 이들 자료가 어떻게 활용되는 지를 정리한다. 그런 다음, 다양한 학습자의 수준과 기대, 목표에 부합하면서도 모든 유형의 실제 시각 자료들에 적용될 수 있는 포괄적이면서도 단일한 이미지 독서틀을 정립, 제시한다. 이를 바탕으로, 보다 특수한 학습자의 기대와 목표에 부응하는 세분된 실제 시각 자료 독서틀로서 그림 이미지 독서틀과 광고 이미지 독서틀을 정립, 제시한다. 이들은 모두 의사소통적 접근법을 반영하여 학습자의 표현력과 자율성을 제고하고자 하는 다양한 도상 이미지 독서틀이다.

Working Towards Accreditation by the International Standards Organization 15189 Standard: How to Validate an In-house Developed Method an Example of Lead Determination in Whole Blood by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Carine Garcia Hejl,Jose Manuel Ramirez,Philippe Vest, Pharm,Denis Chianea,Christophe Renard 대한진단검사의학회 2014 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.34 No.5

Laboratories working towards accreditation by the International Standards Organization (ISO) 15189 standard are required to demonstrate the validity of their analytical methods. The different guidelines set by various accreditation organizations make it difficult to pro- vide objective evidence that an in-house method is fit for the intended purpose. Besides, the required performance characteristics tests and acceptance criteria are not always de- tailed. The laboratory must choose the most suitable validation protocol and set the ac- ceptance criteria. Therefore, we propose a validation protocol to evaluate the performance of an in-house method. As an example, we validated the process for the detection and quantification of lead in whole blood by electrothermal absorption spectrometry. The fun- damental parameters tested were, selectivity, calibration model, precision, accuracy (and uncertainty of measurement), contamination, stability of the sample, reference interval, and analytical interference. We have developed a protocol that has been applied success- fully to quantify lead in whole blood by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). In particular, our method is selective, linear, accurate, and precise, making it suitable for use in routine diagnostics.

WHO IS TO BLAME? EFFECTS OF CAUSAL LOCUS WHEN CO-PRODUCTION RESULTS ARE UNSATISFACTORY

Larissa Carine Braz Becker,Nat?lia Ara?jo Pacheco,Vinicius Andrade Brei 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.7

Co-production is defined as customer participation in production activities that generate a result to be consumed (Etgar, 2008). Previous research has shown the positive effects of co-production, such as satisfaction, perceived control, and perceived quality (Chan, Yim, & Lam, 2010; Golder, Mitra, & Moorman, 2012; Hunt, Oneto, & Varca, 2012). However, knowledge about the potential negative consequences from co-production is scarce. Despite the importance of the role of causal locus in the generation of unsatisfactory results, to date, this subject has not been properly studied. Considering that co-production is increasingly common in contemporary consumption contexts, this paper aims to broaden knowledge about unsatisfactory results from co-production. Based on two experimental studies, we analyze the role of the causal locus of failures on customer regret and disappointment, taking into consideration the self-serving bias. The results show that a consumption situation with an unsatisfactory regret tends to be higher when the consumer takes the blame than when the causal locus is attributed to the company. When the causal locus is uncertain, regret is higher than disappointment and higher than the regret experienced when the company or the service employee is blamed. Because regret is associated with internal causal attribution, these results contradict the self-serving bias literature, which affirms that people are more likely to make external than internal attributions for failures (Mezulis, Abramson, Hyde, & Hankin, 2004; Weiner, 2010). The internal failure attribution converges with the idea that consumer participation in production implies more responsibility over the result (Bitner, Faranda, Hubbert, & Zeithaml, 1997; Prahalad & Ramaswamy, 2004).When the causal locus is attributed to the company or to the service employee, disappointment towards the company tends to be higher than in the other conditions and higher than regret. Study 2 tested whether consumers who co-produce would take responsibility for a failure and blame themselves in situations where the causal locus was undetermined. The results once again contradicted the self-serving bias literature in a scenario with co-production. Consumers who co-produced experienced more regret and less disappointment towards the company, and they blamed themselves more intensely than the consumers who did not co-produce. Therefore, the consumers who co-produce take more responsibility for dissatisfying results and, consequently, regret their actions to a higher degree than those consumers who do not co-produce. These results show that even when co-production fails to generate a satisfying result for the consumer, it may be positive for the company because it provides a context in which both the consumer and the company may be responsible for the failure. When the company is blamed, consumers experience less regret and more disappointment towards the company than when the consumer is the one to blame. But when the consumer is blamed or the causal locus is uncertain, situations that are both possible in a co-production context, then consumers experience more regret and less disappointment towards the company.

Effect of ultrasonic tip designs on intraradicular post removal

Anny Carine Barros Aguiar,Daniely Amorim de Meireles,André Augusto Franco Marques,Emílio Carlos Sponchiado Júnior,Angela Delfina Bitencourt Garrido,Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia 대한치과보존학회 2014 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.39 No.4

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of different ultrasonic tip designs on intraradicular post removal. Materials and Methods: The crowns of forty human canine teeth were removed, and after biomechanical preparation and filling, the roots were embedded in acrylic resin blocks. The post spaces were made, and root canal molding was performed with self-cured acrylic resin. After casting (Cu-Al), the posts were cemented with zinc phosphate cement. The specimens were randomly separated into 4 groups (n = 10), as follows: G1 - no ultrasonic vibration (control); G2 - ultrasonic vibration using an elongated cylindrical-shaped and active rounded tip; G3 - ultrasonic vibration with a flattened convex and linear active tip; G4 - ultrasonic vibration with active semicircular tapered tip. Ultrasonic vibration was applied for 15 seconds on each post surface and tensile test was performed in a Universal Testing Machine (Instron 4444 - 1 mm/min). Results: G4 presented the highest mean values, however, with no statistically significant difference in comparison to G3 (p > 0.05). G2 presented the lowest mean values with statistically significant difference to G3 and G4 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Ultrasonic vibration with elongated cylindrical-shaped and active rounded tip was most effective in reducing force required for intraradicular post removal.

WHO IS TO BLAME? EFFECTS OF CAUSAL LOCUS WHEN CO-PRODUCTION RESULTS ARE UNSATISFACTORY

Larissa Carine Braz Becker,Natália Araújo Pacheco,Vinicius Andrade Brei 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.10

Co-production is defined as customer participation in production activities that generate a result to be consumed (Etgar, 2008). Previous research has shown the positive effects of co-production, such as satisfaction, perceived control, and perceived quality (Chan, Yim, & Lam, 2010; Golder, Mitra, & Moorman, 2012; Hunt, Oneto, & Varca, 2012). However, knowledge about the potential negative consequences from co-production is scarce. Despite the importance of the role of causal locus in the generation of unsatisfactory results, to date, this subject has not been properly studied. Considering that co-production is increasingly common in contemporary consumption contexts, this paper aims to broaden knowledge about unsatisfactory results from co-production. Based on two experimental studies, we analyze the role of the causal locus of failures on customer regret and disappointment, taking into consideration the self-serving bias. The results show that a consumption situation with an unsatisfactory regret tends to be higher when the consumer takes the blame than when the causal locus is attributed to the company. When the causal locus is uncertain, regret is higher than disappointment and higher than the regret experienced when the company or the service employee is blamed. Because regret is associated with internal causal attribution, these results contradict the self-serving bias literature, which affirms that people are more likely to make external than internal attributions for failures (Mezulis, Abramson, Hyde, & Hankin, 2004; Weiner, 2010). The internal failure attribution converges with the idea that consumer participation in production implies more responsibility over the result (Bitner, Faranda, Hubbert, & Zeithaml, 1997; Prahalad & Ramaswamy, 2004).When the causal locus is attributed to the company or to the service employee, disappointment towards the company tends to be higher than in the other conditions and higher than regret. Study 2 tested whether consumers who co-produce would take responsibility for a failure and blame themselves in situations where the causal locus was undetermined. The results once again contradicted the self-serving bias literature in a scenario with co-production. Consumers who co-produced experienced more regret and less disappointment towards the company, and they blamed themselves more intensely than the consumers who did not co-produce. Therefore, the consumers who co-produce take more responsibility for dissatisfying results and, consequently, regret their actions to a higher degree than those consumers who do not co-produce. These results show that even when co-production fails to generate a satisfying result for the consumer, it may be positive for the company because it provides a context in which both the consumer and the company may be responsible for the failure. When the company is blamed, consumers experience less regret and more disappointment towards the company than when the consumer is the one to blame. But when the consumer is blamed or the causal locus is uncertain, situations that are both possible in a co-production context, then consumers experience more regret and less disappointment towards the company.

Impaired Health-Related Quality of Life in Brazilian Children with Chronic Abdominal Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study

Jesus, Carine Dias Ferreira de,Carvalho, Mary de Assis,Machado, Nilton Carlos The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2022 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.25 No.6

Purpose: We compared the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of children and adolescents with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) and organic abdominal pain disorders (ORGDs). Methods: This was a single-center, cross-sectional, observational study. The PedsQL 4.0 generic cores scales parent proxy-report was administered to parents/caregivers of 130 and 56 pediatric patients with FAPDs and ORGDs respectively on their first visit. The self-reported pain intensity in the patients was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and facial affective scale (FAS). Results: Irritable bowel syndrome was the most prevalent FAPDs, and the most prevalent ORGDs were reflux esophagitis (41.1%) and gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori (21.4%). There was no difference in HRQOL among patients diagnosed with ORGDs and FAPDs (p>0.05). Patients with ORGDs and FAPDs had lower HRQOL Scale scores than healthy Brazilian and American children's references, with a high proportion of children at risk for impaired HRQOL (p<0.0001). There was no difference in the VAS and the FAS scores between the ORGDs and the FAPDs. FAPDs had a higher prevalence of girls' and couples' disagreement (p<0.02), although poor school performance (p<0.0007) and bullying (p<0.01) were higher in patients with ORGD. Conclusion: This study revealed that there was a difference in impaired HRQOL between patients with ORGDs and FAPDs. Thus, considering the high prevalence of chronic abdominal pain in children, a well-founded treatment plan is necessary for a multidisciplinary cognitive-behavioral Pain management program.

Effect of ultrasonic tip designs on intraradicular post removal

Aguiar, Anny Carine Barros,de Meireles, Daniely Amorim,Marques, Andre Augusto Franco,Sponchiado, Emilio Carlos Junior,Garrido, Angela Delfina Bitencourt,Garcia, Lucas Da Fonseca Roberti The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2014 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.39 No.4

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of different ultrasonic tip designs on intraradicular post removal. Materials and Methods: The crowns of forty human canine teeth were removed, and after biomechanical preparation and filling, the roots were embedded in acrylic resin blocks. The post spaces were made, and root canal molding was performed with self-cured acrylic resin. After casting (Cu-Al), the posts were cemented with zinc phosphate cement. The specimens were randomly separated into 4 groups (n = 10), as follows: G1 - no ultrasonic vibration (control); G2 - ultrasonic vibration using an elongated cylindrical-shaped and active rounded tip; G3 - ultrasonic vibration with a flattened convex and linear active tip; G4 - ultrasonic vibration with active semicircular tapered tip. Ultrasonic vibration was applied for 15 seconds on each post surface and tensile test was performed in a Universal Testing Machine (Instron 4444 - 1 mm/min). Results: G4 presented the highest mean values, however, with no statistically significant difference in comparison to G3 (p > 0.05). G2 presented the lowest mean values with statistically significant difference to G3 and G4 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Ultrasonic vibration with elongated cylindrical-shaped and active rounded tip was most effective in reducing force required for intraradicular post removal.

Qu’a apporté l’image aux contes traditionnels publiés en Corée depuis les années 1990?

까린 드비용(Carine Devillon) 프랑스학회 2020 프랑스학연구 Vol.0 No.91

1988년이 한국 아동도서 시장에 그림책이 진출한 중요한 시기로 간주되고 있는 만큼, 최근 수십 년간 이런 류의 창작물, 특히 한국 전래동화 그림책에서 그림이 아닌 이미지가 확산되었는지 여부에 관한 문제가 제기된다. 수없이 많은 판본에서 사용됨으로써 이들 한국 전래동화들이 의미 측면에서 점점 가치를 잃어가고 있기에 그렇다. 해서, 이 글에서는 이미지의 사용이 어떤 점에서 이들 전래동화의 재의미화를 가능하게 하는지를 이해하고자 한다. 이를 위해서, 우리는 『구렁덩덩 새선비』, 『해님 달님』, 『해와 달이 된 오누이』, 『호랑이와 팥죽할머니』, 『빨간 부채 파란 부채』, 『토끼와 자라』 등 아주 잘 알려진 동화를 담은 그림책 여섯 종을 선정하였다. 그것들을 대상으로 그림작가들에 의해 사용된 다양한 도상 기제들을 살펴서 이들 그림작가들이 시각적 역조응을 활용하였음을 밝혔다. 이 시각적 역조응의 활용이 한국전통요소 몇몇의 자율화에 의해서 이루어지든, 한지의 도움으로 눈에 띄지 않게 질료를 종이에 넣음으로써 이루어지든, 분리가 눈에 띄는 결과를 낳을 위험이 있는 색깔 쌍의 사용을 통해서 이루어지든, 또는 이야기 내내 핵심적인 서술상의 중요성을 가지게 될 장식적 모티브의 반복을 통해서 이루어지든 말이다. 그림작가들은 또한 몇몇 상징 사용들의 전환이나 색깔과 모티브 사이의 어떤 관계들의 전이, 뿐만 아니라 단색의 표면을 살리기 위한 색깔의 비물질화에도 관심을 보인다. 이것들이 모두 서술의 재의미화를 보장하기에 적합한 기제들이다. Si l’album est entré sur le marché coréen du livre pour enfants en 1988, la question est de savoir si l’image s’y est répandue ces dernières dizaines d’années, notamment dans les contes traditionnels. Étant disponibles dans de multiples versions, ceux-ci ne peuvent que s’éroder sur le plan sémantique. Il nous faut voir en quoi l’image peut les resémantiser. Nous avons alors cherché, dans six albums de contes populaires, les divers dispositifs iconiques et découvert que ceux-ci, nombreux, étaient à mettre en relation avec les « discordances » narratives aptes à capter l’attention du lecteur selon Raphaë̈l Baroni ainsi qu’avec les représentations permettant l’apprentissage par immersion cher à Jean- Marie Schaeffer. Ce qui représente autant de dispositifs aptes à assurer la simulation imaginative du lecteur et la resémantisation du conte.

Pseudobulbar Affect in Parkinsonian Disorders: A Review

Mathew Hakimi,Carine W. Maurer 대한파킨슨병및이상운동질환학회 2019 Journal Of Movement Disorders Vol.12 No.1

Pseudobulbar affect (PBA) is a neurological symptom of inappropriate and uncontrollable laughter or crying that occurs secondary to a variety of neurological conditions, including parkinsonian disorders. PBA is a socially and emotionally debilitating symptom that has been estimated to affect 3.6% to 42.5% of the population with Parkinson’s disease. While indexing measures and treatment options for PBA have been extensively studied in neurological conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis, there has been considerably less attention given in the literature to PBA in parkinsonian disorders. The purpose of this review is to discuss the pathophysiology of PBA, its prevalence and impact on quality of life in parkinsonian disorders, and the treatment options currently available. Areas requiring further study, including the development of standardized, cross-culturally validated methods of symptom assessment, and evidence-based studies exploring the efficacy of current treatment options in parkinsonian disorders, are also highlighted.