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Graphene as interface modifier in ITO and ITO-Cr electrodes
Leticia A. Silva,Jéssica M.M. Luzardo,Sanair M. Oliveira,Rafael V. Curti,Alexander M. Silva,Rogerio Valaski,Rodrigo B. Capaz,Joyce R. Araujo 한국물리학회 2020 Current Applied Physics Vol.20 No.7
We explore graphene as interface modifier for electrodes in optoelectronic organic devices by measuring the electrical properties of ITO/graphene and ITO/Cr/graphene. For this purpose, exfoliated graphene (EG) was electrochemically synthesized and deposited by spray-pyrolysis. The built-in voltage (Vbi) values were 450 mV for the ITO/CuPc/Al reference, 750 mV for ITO/Cr/graphene/CuPc/Al and 1000 mV for ITO/graphene/CuPc/Al device structures. From these results, we estimate the work functions as 3.20 eV, 3.45 eV and 4.75 eV for ITO/ EG, ITO/Cr/EG and ITO. To understand how the work function changes, we carried out first-principles calculations based on density-functional theory (DFT) where Cr work function (~4.2 eV) is not modified by the deposition of pristine graphene; however there is a substantial increase (from 4.2 eV to 5.2 eV), upon deposition of graphene oxide (GO), resulting from a complete transfer of O atoms from the GO sheet to the Cr surface forming a thin layer of chromium oxide.