The pathogenesis and treatment of chronic allograft nephropathy

Li, Can,Yang, Chul Woo Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2009 Nature reviews. Nephrology Vol.5 No.9

<P>Despite improvements in immunosuppressive therapy, long-term allograft survival after kidney transplantation remains as low as 50%. Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) is a major cause of late graft loss in renal transplant recipients. The histopathologic signs of CAN-interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, glomerulopathy and vasculopathy-are nonspecific; therefore, the 2007 Banff classification dispensed with the term CAN in favor of 'interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy without evidence of any specific etiology'. In this Review, however, the term CAN is used to describe a clinical syndrome that is characterized by progressive decline in renal function from 3 months after transplantation, accompanied by the development of proteinuria and hypertension. The pathogenesis of CAN is complex and incompletely understood, and involves several immunological and non-immunological factors. We discuss the contributory roles of acute rejection, donor age, anti-human-leukocyte-antigen antibodies, calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxic effects, viral infection, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. The prevention and treatment of CAN needs multidisciplinary strategies. Early detection by means of protocol biopsy and calculation of glomerular filtration rate is the first step, followed by management of modifiable risk factors.</P>

Inhibition of Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 by Pollen and Propolis Extracts

Musa ?can 한국식품영양과학회 2004 Journal of medicinal food Vol.7 No.1

The inhibitory effects on mycelial growth of Aspergillus parasiticusstrain NRRL 2998 of pollen and propo-lis extracts from different regions of Turkey were investigated in culture media. The least active concentration towards thetested fungus was 2% of both extracts. But, the inhibitory effects of all propolis extracts on mycelial growth were higher whencompared with pollen extracts. While the effect of a 5% level of Antakya propolis extract increased with increasing incuba-tion period, the antifungal effect of pollen extract from the same region on mycelial growth was less than that of the controlgroup. As a result, none of the extracts tested completely inhibited mycelial growth. The highest inhibition rate was estab-lished at the 5% level of Tas¸ kent and Alanya propolis samples.

Effect of Sumach (Rhus coriaria L.) Extracts on the Oxidative Stability of Peanut Oil

Musa ?can 한국식품영양과학회 2003 Journal of medicinal food Vol.6 No.1

The antioxidant activities of sumach (Rhus coriaria L.) extracts and butylated hydroxyanisole(BHA) at various concentrations were tested in natural peanut oil stored at 65° C for 35 days.The concentrations (weight/volume) of extracts aded into oil were 1.0%, 3.0%, and 5.0%, andthose of BHA were 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%. Antioxidant effect was determined by the mea-surement of peroxide value. After 7 days of storage, BHA and extracts of sumach were activein varying degres against autoxidation of peanut oil, compared with the control test (P ,.01). The sumach extracts generally inhibited the formation of hydroperoxide, as did BHA.After 28 days of storage, antioxidant effects of extracts were significantly decreased whencompared with BHA. The decrease in the antioxidant activity of extracts might have resultedfrom the decrease of polyphenolic constituents. The results showed that high concentrationscan enhance the potency of the antioxidant effect of sumach extract.63

The Labyrinth of Ordinary Experience: An Analytical Approach to the Construction of Everyday Life in Comic Books

Tiago Canário 고려대학교 응용문화연구소 2015 에피스테메 Vol.0 No.14

The study proposes an investigation on problems of textual organization and reading, focused on the construction and suggestion of everyday life notions. Frédéric Boilet’s Yukiko’s Spinach is analyzed to understand the consolidation of a day-by-day routine, which is studied through three axes: the small-scale actions choice (what is seen), the narrativization of trivia (how they are seen and structured), and the articulation of them (composing a kind of everyday life labyrinth). The paper discusses the ordinary as a subject and narrative problem. The analysis is interested not only in how everyday life is presented, but how its traces pervade the fruition indicated by textual marks. Notions from aesthetic, semiotic, and narratology studies are associated to note the relationship between text and reading, then linking authors as Ben Highmore, Michael Sheringham, Michel de Certeau, Thierry Groensteen, Benoît Peeters, and Scott McCloud. The common life invokes something that holds the strong ambivalence between boredom and strangeness, their continuity and rhythm, and so as part of the human experience, with focus on mundane actions and interpersonal relationships.

「폐가」(廢家, 'The Ruined Cottage') - 한 전쟁미망인의 사회사(社會史)

박찬길 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1995 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.66 No.1-3

The Ruined Cottage has long been taken as the first major poetic achievement that betokens Wordsworths grow as a poet. The mainstream Wordsworthian critics appreciation of "The Ruined Cottage" as a work of art is in fact based on the implicit assumption that Wordsorths political awareness in inimical to his poetic genius, for their preference of "The Ruined Cottage" to Salisbury Plain Poems has much to do with the Pedlars distinctive narrative tactic which enables the most apolitical rendering of the most political issues at the time. This paper challenges such an underlying assumption by rereading "The Ruined Cottage" as a story of an impoverished war widow of the 1970s England. What is intended in this historically informed reading of "The ruined Cottage" is not to undermine its entirely deserving status in Wordsworthian canon but simply to remind ourselves that the seemingly natural process of Margarets moral and physical deterioration is in fact socially determined and that its original poetic appeal to the contemporary readers derived not so much from the pedlers transcendental understanding of human suffering as from Is human, sympathetic response to a war widows socially rectifiable misery. Eventually, such a reading will suggest that the modern appreciation of "The Ruined Cottage n sot just an expression of its poetic merit, but more significantly another piece of evidence that testifies to ideological orientation of the of the modern critical practice.

Do Pregnant Women’s Information Sources Affect their Attitudes toward the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test? A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Hande Ya?can,Elif Uluda?,Nuran Nur Aypar Akba?,Hulya Ozberk 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2021 Asian Women Vol.37 No.2

The occurrence of gestational diabetes has increased recently. This condition, which can have extremely negative consequences for both mother and baby, can be detected by using an oral glucose tolerance test, and remedial action can be taken to prevent or reduce complications based on the results of the test. However, information about the oral glucose tolerance test (the OGTT) from different sources can negatively affect pregnant women and their families, resulting in their not taking the test. The aim of this study is to determine the knowledge and attitudes of women in the third trimester of pregnancy in relation to the OGTT. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at two university hospitals between October 2017 and June 2018. The voluntary participants comprised 303 pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy. The research data were collected using “Demographic Data Collection Form and Determination Form for the OGTT Screening Status of Pregnant Women.” The relationship between categorical variables was analyzed using chi-square tests. The percentage of pregnant women who did not have the OGTT monitoring was 32.7%. The main reasons for this were media exposure (28.6%), lack of knowledge (19.4%), and doctor’s recommendation (19.4%). Forty-three percent of the pregnant women who did not have the OGTT were not aware of why the test done and 73.3% thought that the OGTT was dangerous for the baby. Of these, 58.8% of pregnant women received the information about the OGTT from doctors and 41.2% from midwives and nurses. A significant difference was found between the OGTT status of women according to their place of residence, number of pregnancies, knowledge about why the OGTT is performed, information sources, and the belief that the test is dangerous to the health of mother and baby (p < 0.05). Not having OGTT screening during pregnancy can lead to irremediable negative complications for the health of both mother and baby.

Sensitivity-Based Model Updating of Building Frames using Modal Test Data

Ahmet Can Altunişik,Olguhan Şevket Karahasan,Ali Fuat Genç,Fatih Yesevi Okur,Murat Günaydin,Süleyman Adanur 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.22 No.10

Model updating is of significant importance in the actual analyses of real structures. The differences between experimental and numerical dynamic characteristics can be minimized by means of this procedure. This procedure can be carried out using two approaches, namely, the manual model updating and the global or local automated model updating. The local model updating is a convenient tool for all kind of structures capable of minimizing the differences mentioned previously nearly to zero and also of identifying the damage locations and monitoring structural integrity. In this way, current realistic behavior of structures can be represented by updated finite element models. This paper describes a Reinforced Concrete (RC) frame model, its ambient vibration testing, finite element modeling and sensitivity-based automated model updating. The RC frame is of ½ geometric scale with two floors and two bays in the longitudinal direction. It was built and then subjected to ambient vibration tests to determine experimentally their dynamic characteristics. Additionally, the finite element computer program ANSYS was used to determine its initial numerical dynamic characteristics. The experimental and numerical results were compared resulting in maximum differences of 38.38% between them. To minimize these differences, the finite element model was updated using the global and local automated approach using a sensitivity-based analyses with some uncertain parameters. The differences were finally reduced to 4.4% and 0.21% by the global and the local automated model updatings, respectively. It is concluded that sensitivity-based automated updating is a very effective procedure to obtain the updated finite element model which can reflect the current behavior of a structure.

중국 스마트도시의 네트워크안전관리에 관한 법적 고찰

라찬 ( Luo Can ),조영걸 ( Zhao Yong Jie ),한승 ( Han Sheng ) 한중사회과학학회 2021 한중사회과학연구 Vol.19 No.4

차세대 정보기술의 적용은 도시운영의 효율을 크게 높일 뿐만 아니라, 더욱 많은 네트워크안전의 위험요소를 가져왔다. 중국의 스마트도시 네트워크안전관리는 네트워크 인프라리스크가 날로 심각해지면서 시스템정보가 쉽게 침해되면서 이른바 '시험적 운영을 통한 사후문제처리'가 가진 업무처리상의 3대 문제점을 가져왔다. 또 '정보보안'에서 '네트워크안전'으로의 전환은 이미 정보보안분야의 총체적이고 종합적이며 융합적인 변화 추세를 반영하고 있으며, 스마트도시 네트워크안전 문제는 새로운 시대적 배경으로 인해 전통적 네트워크 보안 문제에 대해 심화되었음을 알 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 중국의 네트워크보안의 적절성 문제에서 출발하여 스마트도시의 기술집약성의 특징을 결합하여 중국 스마트도시의 네트워크보안에 현존하는 문제를 검토하였다. 전통적인 네트워크안보와의 비교분석을 통해 스마트도시의 보안은 정적 방어 안전에서 역동적 이용 안전으로, 단일 국지적 보안에서 전체적 보안으로, 사전 통제에서 사후적 평가 강화로 전환되어야 한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 스마트도시의 네트워크안전관리는 반드시 이러한 세 가지 변화추세에 부합해야 자신의 발전방향에 맞는 법률과 제도의 보장 메커니즘을 세울 수 있다. 따라서 스마트도시의 네트워크보안은 기존의 네트워크보안 관련 법률제도에서 스마트도시 네트워크보안의 특수성을 결합하여 제도적으로 최적화되어야 하며, 구체적으로 다른 법률과의 연계, 핵심 네트워크 인프라 및 보안 모니터링, 사후 손실 위험 분산 메커니즘의 구축 등 세 가지 측면에서 이루어져야 할 것이다. The application of new generation information technology not only greatly improves the efficiency of urban operation, but also brings more cybersecurity risks There are three major problems in the cybersecurity governance of smart cities in China, namely, the increasingly severe risk of network infrastructure, the vulnerability of system information, the lack of in-process evaluation and post rescue. Through the comparative analysis with traditional cybersecurity, it can be found that the cybersecurity of smart city should change from static defense security to dynamic utilization security, from single local security to overall security, from focusing on pre control to strengthening evaluation in the process and relief afterwards. Therefore, the cybersecurity of smart city should be optimized on the basis of the existing cybersecurity legal system combined with the particularity of the cybersecurity of smart city. The network security governance of smart city must conform to the three changing trends before we can establish the legal system guarantee mechanism which conforms to its own development direction. In terms of legislation, we should start from the perspective of information security risk management, step by step, aim at cultivating the internal governance mechanism of information controllers, build sufficient legal deterrence through the external incentive of legal responsibility, and promote information holders, controllers and regulators to actively perform their legal responsibilities. In the protection of critical infrastructure, hierarchical management and specialized agency management are required, and evaluation standards in the operation process are refined to establish a complete indicator system. In the construction of the mechanism of post-incident loss risk, the government can first provide detailed regulations on the circumstances under which the government assumes full responsibility, and other parts can use the insurance system to allow data owners, controllers, and users to share the risk of loss in the form of insurance premiums, thereby constructing a complete post-incident loss risk dispersion mechanism.

Simulation analysis and evaluation of decontamination effect of different abrasive jet process parameters on radioactively contaminated metal

Zhong Lin,Deng Jian,Zuo Zhe-wen,Huang Can-yu,Chen Bo,Lei Lin,Lei Ze-yong,Lei Jie-heng,Zhao Mu,Hua Yun-fei 한국원자력학회 2023 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.55 No.11

A new method of numerical simulating prediction and decontamination effect evaluation for abrasive jet decontamination to radioactively contaminated metal is proposed. Based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics and Discrete Element Model (CFD-DEM) coupled simulation model, the motion patterns and distribution of abrasives can be predicted, and the decontamination effect can be evaluated by image processing and recognition technology. The impact of three key parameters (impact distance, inlet pressure, abrasive mass flow rate) on the decontamination effect is revealed. Moreover, here are experiments of reliability verification to decontamination effect and numerical simulation methods that has been conducted. The results show that: 60Co and other homogeneous solid solution radioactive pollutants can be removed by abrasive jet, and the average removal rate of Co exceeds 80%. It is reliable for the proposed numerical simulation and evaluation method because of the well goodness of fit between predicted value and actual values: The predicted values and actual values of the abrasive distribution diameter are Ф57 and Ф55; the total coverage rate is 26.42% and 23.50%; the average impact velocity is 81.73 m/s and 78.00 m/s. Further analysis shows that the impact distance has a significant impact on the distribution of abrasive particles on the target surface, the coverage rate of the core area increases at first, and then decreases with the increase of the impact distance of the nozzle, which reach a maximum of 14.44% at 300 mm. It is recommended to set the impact distance around 300 mm, because at this time the core area coverage of the abrasive is the largest and the impact velocity is stable at the highest speed of 81.94 m/s. The impact of the nozzle inlet pressure on the decontamination effect mainly affects the impact kinetic energy of the abrasive and has little impact on the distribution. The greater the inlet pressure, the greater the impact kinetic energy, and the stronger the decontamination ability of the abrasive. But in return, the energy consumption is higher, too. For the decontamination of radioactively contaminated metals, it is recommended to set the inlet pressure of the nozzle at around 0.6 MPa. Because most of the Co elements can be removed under this pressure. Increasing the mass and flow of abrasives appropriately can enhance the decontamination effectiveness. The total mass of abrasives per unit decontamination area is suggested to be 50 g because the core area coverage rate of the abrasive is relatively large under this condition; and the nozzle wear extent is acceptable

Experimental Study of the Effect of Different Insulation Schemes on Fire Performance of FRP Strengthened Concrete: FIRECOAT and REALROCK

Ahmet Can Altunişik,Yunus Emrahan Akbulut,Süleyman Adanur,Murat Günaydin,Sara Mostofi,Ayman Mosallam 한국콘크리트학회 2024 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.18 No.1

The past two decades have witnessed rapid advances in the use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in different engineering fields. Advantages such as high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and tailority have led to immense interest in the use of FRPs in wide spectrum repair and strengthening of structures. Despite their many advantages, FRPs are highly sensitive to high temperatures, which pose a major concern for fire potential structures such as buildings. Applying proper thermal insulation can enhance the fire performance of FRP and reduce the possible fire damage to the FRP strengthened element. This study set out to experimentally investigate the effectiveness of two insulation systems, “FIRECOAT” and “REALROCK” on fire performance of CFRP and GFRP strengthened concrete specimens. Various configurations and exposure durations were considered to evaluate the effectiveness of insulating materials. To perform the experiments, cylindrical concrete specimens were fabricated and strengthened using CFRP or GFRP. After insulating the specimens, they were exposed to a standard fire curve for two different durations of 30 and 60 min. The results indicate that less than 30 min of fire, both insulation systems can provide the required protection. During long exposure duration of 60 min, only REALROCK can provide the required thermal resistance for FRP-strengthened concrete. Within the tested materials, Fire Set 60 outperformed other insulating materials. It was observed that implementing Fire Set 60 in the innermost layer of thermal insulations has crucial importance in preventing the fire induced reductions in strength of FRP-strengthened concrete elements.