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Turkish Tourism-Hospitality Curricula
Esra O. Calvert,Kemal Kantarci 세계문화관광학회 2008 Conference Proceedings Vol.9 No.0
This study examined the importance of hospitality and tourism curriculum, and students' self-evaluation of knowledge, skills, abilities and attributes in the hospitality operation of restaurant, bar, and cuisine based on the International Labour Organization's (ILO) standardized occupational qualifications to understand the gap between the hospitality and tourism education in Turkey and the ILO's occupational standards. Findings indicated that students lacked international and communication skills and evaluated themselves as almost adequate in the area of functional skills that form the 68% of the curriculum. This study concluded that, providers of hospitality and tourism education in Turkey need to revise and reshape the national educational system with the aims of internationalization and standardization of knowledge, skills, abilities and attributes so that students are qualified to find positions internationally and / or locally working with tourists around the world.
Routing and Forwarding with Flexible Addressing
Poutievski, Leonid B.,Calvert, Kenneth L.,Griffioen, James N. The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2007 Journal of communications and networks Vol.9 No.4
We present a new network-layer architecture that provides generalized addressing. The forwarding infrastructure is independent of the addressing architecture, so multiple addressing architectures can be used simultaneously. We compare our solution with the existing Internet protocols for unicast and multicast services, given the address assignment used in the Internet. By means of an extensive simulation study, we determine the range of parameters for which the overhead costs(delay, state, and network load) of our service are comparable to those of the Internet.
권순찬,송재철,김용규,Geoffrey M. Calvert 대한천식알레르기학회 2015 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.7 No.1
Purpose: To determine the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of work-related asthma in Korea. Methods: During 2004-2009, the Korea Work-Related Asthma Surveillance (KOWAS) program collected data on new cases of work-related asthma from occupational physicians, allergy and chest physicians, regional surveillance systems, and workers’ compensation schemes. The incidence was calculated on the basis of industry, occupation, sex, age, and region. In addition, the distribution of causal agents was determined. Results: During the study period, 236 cases of work-related asthma were reported, with 77 cases from more than 1 source. A total of 22.0% (n=52) were reported by occupational physicians, 52.5% (n=124) by allergy and chest physicians, 24.2% (n=57) by regional surveillance systems, and 43.2% (n=102) by workers’ compensation schemes. The overall average annual incidence was 3.31 cases/million workers, with a rate of 3.78/million among men and 2.58/million among women. The highest incidence was observed in the 50-59-year age group (7.74/million), in the Gyeonggi/Incheon suburb of Seoul (8.50/million), in the furniture and other instrument manufacturing industries (67.62/million), and among craft and related trades workers (17.75/million). The most common causal agents were isocyanates (46.6%), flour/grain (8.5%), metal (5.9%), reactive dyes (5.1%), and solvents (4.2%). Conclusions: The incidence of work-related asthma in Korea was relatively low, and varied according to industry, occupation, gender, age, and region. Data provided by workers’ compensation schemes and physician reports have been useful for determining the incidence and causes of work-related asthma.
A Review of Functional Restoration From Spinal Cord Stimulation in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury
Alice Lin,Elias Shaaya,Jonathan S. Calvert,Samuel R. Parker,David A. Borton,Jared S. Fridley 대한척추신경외과학회 2022 Neurospine Vol.19 No.3
Traumatic spinal cord injury often leads to loss of sensory, motor, and autonomic function below the level of injury. Recent advancements in spinal cord electrical stimulation (SCS) for spinal cord injury have provided potential avenues for restoration of neurologic function in affected patients. This review aims to assess the efficacy of spinal cord stimulation, both epidural (eSCS) and transcutaneous (tSCS), on the return of function in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury. The current literature on human clinical eSCS and tSCS for spinal cord injury was reviewed. Seventy-one relevant studies were included for review, specifically examining changes in volitional movement, changes in muscle activity or spasticity, or return of cardiovascular pulmonary, or genitourinary autonomic function. The total participant sample comprised of 327 patients with spinal cord injury, each evaluated using different stimulation protocols, some for sensorimotor function and others for various autonomic functions. One hundred eight of 127 patients saw improvement in sensorimotor function, 51 of 70 patients saw improvement in autonomic genitourinary function, 32 of 32 patients saw improvement in autonomic pulmonary function, and 32 of 36 patients saw improvement in autonomic cardiovascular function. Although this review highlights SCS as a promising therapeutic neuromodulatory technique to improve rehabilitation in patients with SCI, further mechanistic studies and stimulus parameter optimization are necessary before clinical translation.