알콜과 DIAZEPAM 이 흰쥐의 공포학습과 소거에 미치는 효과

정봉교,윤병수,박순권 한국심리학회 한국심리학회지 생물 및 생리 Vol.10 No.1

본 연구는 알콜과 diazepam의 투여가 흰쥐의 공포학습과 소거에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자수행되었다. 공포조건형성시 동물들은 관찰상자에서 8회의 1초간 지속되는 0.6㎃ 강도의 전기충격을 받았다. 동물들은 소거시에는 전기충격을 받았던 관찰상자에 전기충격이 없이 노출되었다. 실험 1은 알콜과 diazepam의 투여가 조건공포의 지표인 행동동결에 미치는 효과와 두 약물의 상호작용을 검증하였다. 공포학습 직후의 관찰과 24시간 후의 파지검사에서 ethanol 1.2g/㎏ 또는 diazepam 5.0㎎/㎏을 투여받은 집단 그리고 ethanol 1.2g/㎏을 동시에 투여받은 diazepam 0.5㎎/㎏ 집단 또는 diazepam 1.0㎎/㎏ 집단 모두가 saline 통제집단에 비해 공포학습의 지표인 행동동결의 감소를 보여 주었다. 특히 ethanol 1.2g/㎏과 동시 투여된 diazepam 1.0㎎/㎏은 조건행동동결의 감소효과를 상승시켰다. 이 결과는 ethanol과 diazepm이 공포학습을 방해하여 불안감소효과를 산출하며, 두 약물의 동시투여는 용량의존적으로 그 효과를 상승시킬 수 있음을 시사한다. 실험 2는 ethanol과 diazepam의 영향하에서의 소거가 약물이 투여되지 않은 상태로 전이되는가를 검증하였다. 그 결과, 소거훈련전에 ethanol 1.2g/㎏ 또는 diazepam 5.0㎎/㎏을 투여받은 집단은 약물이 투여되지 않은 소거검사시행에서 소거의 실패 즉 행동동결의 회복을 보였다. 이 결과는 두 약물이 용량에 따른 상태의존적 소거를 산출함을 보여주는 것이다. 마지막으로 두 약물의 상호작용효과와 상태의존적 공포소거현상에 대한 실용적 측면을 논의하였다. This study investigated the effects of alcohol and diazepam on conditioned fear and extinction in Sprague-Dawley male rats. Fear was conditioned by pairing an experimental chamber with footshock and was assessed by observing freezing. During extinction session, rats were exposed to the chamber without shocks. In Experiment 1, the effects of ethanol and diazepam on fear acquisition and retention were examined. The interaction between ethanol and diazepam on conditioned freezing was also tested. Diazepam 5.0㎎/㎏ and ethanol 1.2g/㎏ decreased freezing response immediately following the shocks and in retention test. Diazepam 1.0㎎/㎏ interacted synergistically ethanol 1.2g/㎏ to reduce conditioned freezing. These results demonstrate a significant dose-dependent anxiolytic effect due to the combined treatment of ethanol and diazepam. Experiment 2 investigated whether fear extinction conducted under the influence of ethanol and diazepam transfer to the undrugged state. The groups that received extinction with either ethanol 1.2g/㎏ or diazepam 5.0㎎/㎏ showed significantly more freezing than the saline control during undrugged test but those with either ethanol 0.6g/㎏ or diazepam 2.0㎎/㎏ did not. These result suggest that ethanol and diazepam produce state-dependent fear extinction in dose-related manner as indicated by renewed fear during undrugged test. The practical implications for both the behavioral interaction effect between ethanol and diazepam and the state-dependent extinction with ethanol and diazepam are noted.

레진접착제를 도포한 상아질에 대한 합착용 시멘트의 전단결합강도

김교철,우이형,이성복,최부병 慶熙大學校 齒科大學 1995 慶熙齒大論文集 Vol.17 No.2

The purpose of this study was to confirm the formation of hybrid layer and resin tags in dentin tissue and the possibility of bonding between luting cements used for the prosthesis and the resinous surface coated with resin bonding agents to prevent the dentin hypersensitivity after abutment preparation. Some resin bonding agents, which may have the possibility of bonding with polyacrylic acid as a liquid ingredient of polycarboxylate and glass ionomer cements, were selected. All-Bond desensitizer containing NTG-GMA and BPDM, Scotch-Bond Multipurpose plus containing HEMA, and XR-bond containing organophosphate were selected as a coating agent. Dental cements were zinc phosphate, polycarboxylate, and glass ionomer cement. After the exposed dentin surface of premolars was ethced with 10% phosphoric acid and coated with resin bonding agents, the morphology of treated surfaces and the resin tags and hybrid layers on sectioned surfaces were observed by SEM. Shear bond strength between the resin bonding agents and 3 kinds of cements was measured 24 hours after bonding. On the debonded surfaces of the shear bond strength tested specimens, the cement tags and the bonding sites between the resin materials and cements were examined by SEM. Following conclusions were drawn 1. Coating of dentin with resin bonding agents had no effect on the shear bond strength of zinc phosphate cement. 2. Both of polycarboxylate and glass ionomer cements showed the increased shear bond strength by the dentinal coating with Scotch-Bond Multipurpose plus containing HEMA. However, in the case of dentinal coating with some agents containing NTG-GMA and BPDM or organophosphate, polycarboxylate cement exhibited the lowered shear bond strength, and glass ionomer cement showed the unchanged shear bond strength. 3. Complete obstructions of dentinal tubules were observed on the dentin coated with All-Bond desensitizer or XR-bond, but distinct shape of the orifices of dentinal tubules was observed consistently on the dentin coated with Scotch-Bond Multipurpose plus. 4. The hybrid layer was thickest on the dentin coated with Al1'Bond desensitizer, and the length of resin tags was longest on the dentin coated with Scotch-Bond Multipurpose plus. 5. On the debonded specimens which had been bonded with polycarboxylate cement or glass ionomer cement after coating with Scotch-Bond Multipurpose plus, the cement tags and the bonding sites between the resinous surface and the cements could be examined.

소규모 상업건축물에 나타난 리모델링 유형에 관한 연구 : 전주시 상업건축물을 중심으로

정병근,류응교 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1(계획계)

In these rapidly changing social environments, many buildings become out of fashioned day by day. The remodeling of old building was actively carried in the urban central area. Especially, most of remodeling was taken place in the commercial building. The remodeling of small commercial building prefer to demolish building partially rather than fully, this method forms the shape of architectural space. This study surveyed 16 small commercial building that are adequate to adopt at central commercial area in Jeonju to research energetic recycle by means of practical remodeling.

21C 신지식인 양성을 위한 EQM 시스템 구축

최병태,이형민,전상봉,서승교,이우언,백종현 대구산업정보대학 2001 논문집 Vol.15 No.-

The aim of this paper is to form and to operate EQM, to say education quality management. In order to achieve the above stated purpose, the paper hypothesizes that there are similarities between enterprises and colleges in quality management. The basic method of the paper is systematic approach, modifies TQM, which is total quality management. The result is that EQM program must form and operate the feedback system for teaching and learning effect, the PSMT(project, self-study, media, team unit style teaching and learning) as a new teaching and learning method, and the digital system as an advanced mechanism, in education quality management.

흰쥐의 내측 중격핵 손상이 MORRIS 수중미로과제의 학습에 미치는 효과

정봉교,윤병수,박순권 한국심리학회 한국심리학회지 생물 및 생리 Vol.5 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 콜린성 중격해마체계에 속하는 내측 중격핵의 손상이 공간학습에 미치는 효과를 검토하는 것이다. 공간학습과제로는 Morris 수중미로가 사용되었다. 실험 1에서 colchicine 또는 kainic acid을 주입한 내측 중격핵의 손상은 표준적인 Morris 수중미로의 학습에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 그러나 자유수영검사에서는 kainic acid 손상집단이 파지의 장애를 보였다. 실험 2에서도 실험 1과 동일한 공간과제를 사용하였는데, 국소마취제인 lidocaine의 훈련전 주입에 의한 손상은 공간학습을 방해하였다. 손상이 되지 않은 채로 실시된 자유수영검사에서는 집단들간의 차이가 없었다. 실험 3에서는 작업기억 검증용 Morris 수중미로를 사용하였는데, colchicine을 주입한 내측 중격핵의 손상은 그 과제에서 결손을 초래하였다. 결과적으로 공간 준거기억 기능을 검증하는 표준적인 Morris 수중미로과제에서는, 내측 중격핵의 손상효과가 일관성이 적다는 선행연구들의 결과를 확인하였고, 수정된 공간 작업기억 검증과제에서는 내측중격핵 손상이 작업기억의 결손을 초래하였다. 따라서 해마에 대한 내측중격핵의 입력이 공간 작업기억에서 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 논의하였다. This study was conducted to examine the effects of medial septal lesions on the spatial learning in rats. A standard Morris water maze task was used in both Experiment 1 and 2. In Experiment 3, a modified spatial working memory version of the Morris water maze task was used. In Experiment 1, colchicine or kainic acid(KA) lesions of the medial septal area were made in rats. Both colchicine and KA rats learned to find the hidden platform as quickly as sham-operated rats in the water maze, but KA rats spent somewhat less time in the training quadrant than did sham-operated rats in a probe trial. In Experiment 2, rats with pretraining infusion of lidocaine into medial septum showed impairment on acquision of the water maze, but they could retain place information as much as sham-operated rats in a probe trial. In Experiment 3, Animals were trained to swim directly to a visible platform in one of four quadrant and subsequently probed a hidden platform in the same location. Each day the platform was placed in a different quadrant. In the task, rats with colchicine-induced lesions to medial septum were significantly impaired relative to control animals. In summary, medial septal lesions did not consistently interfered with the acquisition of the standard Morris water maze task, but impaired the performance in a spatial working memory version of the water maze task. These results indicate that damage to the medial septum disrupts spatial working memory more than it disrupts cognitive mapping ability.

내표면 처리에 따른 레진 인레이와 글래스아이오노머 베이스간의 접착

장병성,김성교 대한치과보존학회 2000 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.25 No.3

The effect of inlay surface treatment tm bonding was investigated when resin inlay was bonded to resin modified glass-ionomer base with resin cement. For the preparation of glass-ionomer base, resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (Fuji Ⅱ LC, GC Co. , Japan) was filled in class Ⅰ cavities of 7mm in diameter and 2mm in depth made in plastic molds. Eighty eight resin inlay specimens were made with Charisma R (Kulzer, Germany) and then randomly assigned to the four different surface treatment conditions : Group Ⅰ, 50㎛ aluminium oxide sandblasting and silane treatment ; Group Ⅱ, silane treatment alone : Group Ⅲ, sandblasting alone, and Group Ⅳ (control) , no surface treatment. After a dentin bonding agent with primer (One-step ™ Bisco loc., IL. , U.S.A.) was applied to bonding surface of resin inlay and base. resin inlay were cemented to glass-ionomer base with a resin cement (Choice™, disco Inc., lL., U.S.A.) . Shear bond strengths of each specimens were measured using Instate universal testing machine (4202 Instron, Instron Co.. U.S.A.) and fractured surfaces were examined under the stereoscope. Statistical analysis was done with one-way ANOVA and Dunkan' s multiple range test. The results were as follows: 1.Sandblasting and silane treatment provided the greatest bond strength(10.56±1.95 MPa) , and showed a significantly greater bond strength than sandblasting alone or no treatment (p〈0.05) . 2.Silane treatment provided a significantly greater bond strength(9.77±2.04 MPa) than sandblasting alone or no treatment (p〈0.05). However, there was no significant difference in bond strength between sandblasting treatment and silane one (p〉0.05) . 3.Sandblasting alone provided no significant difference in bond strength from no treatment (p〉0.05) . 4.Stereoscopic examination of fractured surface showed that sandblasting and silane treatment or silane treatment alone had more cohesive failure mode than adhesive failure mode. 5.In relationship between shear bond strength and failure mode, cohesive failure occurred more frequently as bond strength increased.

내측 및 외측 중격핵 손상이 고가 플러스형 미로에서 흰쥐의 불안 표현에 미치는 효과

정봉교,윤병수 한국심리학회 한국심리학회지 생물 및 생리 Vol.8 No.1

본 연구는 내측 및 외측 중격핵이 불안의 표현에서 중개하는 역할을 알아 보고자 수행되었다. 흰쥐는 수술통제집단, 내측 중격핵 손상집단 그리고 외측 중격핵 손상집단으로 구분되었는데, 불안검사 실시 20분전에 saline 또는 diazepam을 주사받고, 고가 플러스형 미로에서 불안반응이 측정되었다. 수술통제집단에서 diazepam을 투여받은 동물들은 saline을 투여받은 동물보다 플러스형 미로의 개방통로에 머문 시간의 증가를 보였다. 약물투여와 무관하게 내측 및 외측 중격핵 손상집단의 동물들은 수술통제집단의 saline을 투여받은 동물보다 개방통로에 머무는 시간의 증가를 보였다. 중격핵 손상집단에서 diazepam의 투여는 효과가 없었고, 두 중격핵 손상집단들간의 차이도 없었다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 투여한 diazepam은 고가 플러스형 미로에서 항불안효과를 산출하였으며, 중격핵의 손상이 불안반응을 감소시킨다는 선행의 가설을 지지하였다. 내측 중격핵과 외측 중격핵의 혐오적 정서반응의 중개역할은 과제의 유형에 따라 상이할 가능성이 시사되었다. This study was conducted to examine the role of medial and lateral septum in expression of anxiety in rats. Effects of medial and lateral septal lesions were compared in an elevated plus-maze. Rats were divided into sham-operated, medial septal lesions and lateral septal lesions. Half of the animals in each group were administered 2㎎/㎏ diazepam 20 minutes prior to the plus-maze test. Injection of diazepam increased open-arm exploration in sham-operated animals. Septal lesions increased open-arm exploration, but there was no difference in performance between medial and lateral lesions. This results suggested the septum control the expression of anxiety, but the proposition that medial septum and the lateral septum indepedently control the expression of anxiety was not supported.

리듬체조 Ring jump동작의 운동학적 분석

우병훈,인희교,이계산 한국운동역학회 2002 한국운동역학회지 Vol.12 No.2

본 연구는 리듬체조를 구성하는 기술 중에서 신체 기본요소군의 Jump에 포함되는 C난도 Ring jump의 3차원 동작분석을 통해 분석하여 선수들의 기술향상과 지도에 필요한 정량적 자료를 제공하는데 목적을 두었다. 이벤트별 소요시간에서는 E-3에서 0.409±0.017sec로 가장 긴 소요시간을 보였다. 신체중심의 변위에서는 E-3에서 88.5±1.3%로 가장 높은 높이를 보였다. 좌 · 우 발끝 속도에서는 E-2에서 각각 732.4±46.1cm/sec, 1958.4±625.1cm/sec로 가장 빠르게 나타났다. 상체후경각에서는 E-3에서 97.98degree로 가장 낮은 각도를 보였다. 슬관절 각변위에서는 E-3에서 좌 · 우 각각 69.2±5.7degree로 가장 낮은 각도를 보였다. 족관절 각변위에서는 E-3에서 좌 · 우 각각 171.3±6.9degree로 가장 큰 각도를 보였다. 이런 결과로 볼 때, Ring jump동작을 수행하기 위해서는 족관절의 신전을 통한 높은 점프로 상체를 후경할 수 있는 유연성과 체공을 시간을 갖추는 것이라고 사료된다. The study has a goal that produces abundant documents that needed for athletes to teach and progress skills by analyzing 3-dimensional action analysis of C-difficulties Ring jump included in body original elements among techniques constructing Rhythmic Sport Gymnastics. 1. It was the longest applied time delay that E-3 indicates 0.409±0.017sec in each event applied time delay. 2. It was the tallest height that E-3 indicates 88.5±1.3% in displacement of body's center. 3. It was the fastest velocity in E-2 where the velocity of left foot is 7.32.4±46.1cm/sec, the velocity of right foot is 1958.4±25.1cm/sec. 4. the lowest angle was founded at 97.8 degree in the E-3 on the trunk extension angle. 5. The lowest angle of both sides were seen at 92.8±14.9degree and 69.2±5.7degree in the E-3 on the each displacement of knee joint. 6. The highest angle of both sides were seen at 171.3±6.9degree and 167.9±8.4degree in the E-3 on the each displacement of ankle joint As a result of these studies, by jumping with ankle joint extension to accomplish the Ring jump action, it is considered to have the time of flexiblity and staying in the air which we can see in a back.

韓國産 脣形(꿀풀)科 植物에 關한 本草學的 硏究

盧炳圭,金裕鎭,金台睍,宋昊埈,辛民敎 한국전통의학연구소 1999 한국전통의학지 Vol.9 No.1

A Herbalogical Study in the Plants of Labiatae in Korea. For the purpose of developing Korean Herbgalogy with the plants of Labiatae which grow wild and is planted in korea, the these and writings on herbalogy, from literature of successive generations, have been throughly investigative and the results obtained were as follows: 1. There were totaled to 27 genera and 86 species in Korea and among them medical plants are 24 genera, 59 species, some 68% in total but, the number of species may be added because of the similar plants. 2. According to the oriental names which can be used for medical purpose, the medical plants belonging to the Labiatae family were classified as Herba 29, Radix 4, Fructus 3, Folium 2, Lignum 2, Semen 1 and Flos 1. 3. According to sum of 86 species in Labiatae family, they were classified into Scutellaria genera 10, Salvia genera 6, Ajuga genera 5, Clinopodium genera 5, Elsholtzia genera 5 and Mosla 5. Thus it was noticed that Scutellaria genera was the main kind, some 12% in total. 4. According to the number of species of the original plants about each chinese materia medicals, they were classified into HERBA AGASTACHIS 5 and HERBA AJUGAE, HERBA SCUTELLARIAE, HERBA LYCOPI 3 each. 5. According to nature and flavour of medical plants, they were classified into warmth, heat: 20 each, cold, cool: 16 each, balance 4 and unidentified 2. Thus it was noticed that warmth and heat is the main in nature and flavour medicinal plants. 6. According to the Properties and Principal curative action, they were classified into drugs for clearing up heat and toxin 8, drugs for clearing up heat and dispelling pathogenic heat from blood, drugs for clearing up heat and heatstroke 3 each, drugs for activating the blood and removing blood stasis, drugs which is sudorific and pungent in nature and flavour for dispelling wind and cold in the treatment of exterior symptom complex 4 each. Thus it was noticed that drugs for clearing up heat was the main kind. 7. Comparing to whole medical plants 42 kinds, toxic drugs include minor toxin were 3 kinds, 7% of the whole. Thus toxic drugs were rare. From this result, it was revealed that the plants for medical purpose in Labiatae was 68% of the whole, in which HERBA was mostly abundunt and toxic plants was so rare that it will be used for clinical treatment more easily. It is considered that many experiements and clinical approches must be continued to use Labiatae plants widely.

맥아즙당도에 따른 효모의 특성

김교창,최병주,김도영,정준영 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1993 農業科學硏究 Vol.10 No.2

The conclusion from experiments in the characteristic of yeast strain for selecting the appropriate yeast strain according to the variation of wort plato was as follows ; 1.CB8l, CB175 and CB89 yeast strain showed 73.3%, 72.6% and 73.0% in its limit fermentation, respectively. CB89 yeast strain showed the good result of 46.3% in the fermentation power test, also CB8l and CB175 yeast strains showed 33.1% and 24.0%, respectively. 2.In the yeast cell size CB8l, CB175 and CB89 yeast strain showed 8.4㎛, 8.8㎛ and 8.0㎛, respectively, and in the flocculation test those sedimentation content showed 0.6ml, 0.4ml and 8.5 ml, respectively after 10 minutes. CB89 yeast strain with high flocculation showed on appropriate result for brewing yeast. 3.Measured reducing sugar of each yeast after a day were observed as follows; CB8l, CB175 and CB89 yeast stain used up 33.3%, 42.6%, 61.1% of reducing sugar , respectively. 4.In ending fermentation, V. D. K(Vicinal Diketones) content and suspension yeast cell number of CB8l yeast strain showed 0.51-0.65ppm and 20-32×106cells/ml, respectively. Those of CB175 yeast strain showed 0.42-0.48ppm and 12-20×106cells/ml, respectively. CB89 yeast strain showed 0.58-0.69ppm and 34×106 cells/ml. 5.In ending fermentation, alcohol content of CB89 yeast was produced 4.55% and 5.05% was higher than that of CB8l and CB175 yeast. 6.CB89 yeast strain also showed about 300% of yeast recovery rate and 5.2% of dead cell rate which were good results.