반응기 혼합법에 의한 폴리올레핀/2D-나노시트 나노복합체 제조; 에틸렌-프로필렌 공중합체

문영권(Young Kown Moon),이동은(Dong Eun Lee),윤근병(Keun-Byoung Yoon) 한국고분자학회 2020 폴리머 Vol.44 No.5

알킬개질 환원 산화 그래핀(rGO)이 분산된 에틸렌-프로필렌 공중합 복합체를 반응기 혼합법으로 제조하였다. 이 반응기 혼합법은 Et(Ind)₂ZrCl₂/methylauminoxane(MAO) 촉매계를 사용하여 에틸렌-프로필렌의 용액중합 후 반응기 내에 rGO를 첨가하는 방법이다. 제조된 복합체의 미세구조, 기계적 및 열적 성질을 조사하였다. 복합체 내에 rGO는 균일하게 분산되었으며, 알킬개질로 인하여 rGO와 에틸렌-프로필렌 공중합체의 표면 접착력이 증가한 것으로 판단된다. rGO 첨가에 따라 열안정성의 변화는 거의 없었으나, 기계적 물성이 크게 증가하였다(5 wt% rGO 첨가하였을 때, 인장강도와 모듈러스는 각각 40%, 50% 증가). 따라서 반응기 혼합법은 고기능 폴리올레핀의 제조에 유용할 것으로 판단된다. Ethylene-propylene copolymer (EP)/modified reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composites were fabricated via reactor mixing method under mild conditions using Et(Ind)₂ZrCl₂ activated with methylauminoxane (MAO). Microstructure, mechanical and thermal properties of composites are presented. The rGO nanosheets were homogeneously dispersed in EP matrix and the interfacial adhesion with EP was excellent by the modifying the rGO. Although the thermal stability of the aforementioned composites was relatively unchanged when compared to copolymer, significant enhancements in the mechanical properties were observed (e.g., up to 40% increase in the tensile strength and 50% increase Young’s modulus for composites containing 5.0 wt% rGO). Thus, this reactor mixing provides a method for production of high performance polyolefins.

청소년의 여가활동 실태 및 만족도 분석

박용범,이재형,조병만 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.5

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for the development of the various Education policies which can improve the problems after understanding the actual situation of the leisure activities of the middle school students, surveying and diagnosing the consciousness about the leisure activities, and analyzing problems. As for the subjects of tills study, the middle students who are currently enrolled in Y middle school in Suwon, Kyung-ki-do was selected as the population, and then totally 450 students were selected as the samples after the random sampling, The research subjects were totally 434 students who answered the survey among those 450 students. The survey papers which contain the ailing or unfaithful answers and contents among the total 434 students were excluded from this study. Therefore, the actual subject people who were applied to this study were totally 420 students. The sexual composition of the subject people are 24 male students(57.6%) and 178 female students(42.4%), and the male students have the a little higher rate than the female students. For the analysis of the data, in this study the frequencies analysis, cross analysis, independent t test, and one-way ANOVA were used as the useful statistical technique, the scheffe method was executed. At this time, the meaningful standard was analyzed after setting up as α=0.5. Through the above mentioned research method and course and based upon the produced research result, the following conclusion was induced. Firstly, the result of the analysis about the time of the leisure activities of the young people showed that the 120 students(28.6%) answered average under 2 or 3 hours to the question that how long leisure time per day you have, and this is the most frequent answers, and 105 students(25%) answered under 1 or 2 hours, Thus, the leisure time of the middle school students was surveyed as average under 2 or 3 hours per day and this was over 53.6%, and it was demonstrated that the students and young people were not active and emotional, and also enjoying the inactive and monotonous leisure activities because of the burden due to the time caused by the excessive studies and preparation for the entrance examination. Secondly, when seen through the analysis result of the actual condition of the leisure activities of the young people, it was known that there is the trend that the leisure activities of the young people are made up of the individual(houses of relatives, private educational institution), and merrymaking(cafe, billiard hall, bowling hall, karaoke room, and video-watching room) events. Thirdly, in case of the place for the leisure activities, it was shown that the female students enjoyed 'Library, municipal cultural center', 'cafe', 'karaoke, video-watching room', 'window shopping, street sightseeing', 'bookshop', 'cultural enjoyment', and 'private educational institution' rather than the male students did, and there was the meaningful difference statistically(P<.05). In the other hand, the male students enjoyed 'athletic facility', 'billiard hall, bowling hall', 'juvenile group', 'amusement facility, cartoon room, PC room' rather than the female students, and there was the meaningful difference statistically(P<.05). According to each the grade, in case of the 1st grade showed that they stayed 97 minutes in the karaoke and video watching room, and 94 minutes in the window shopping and street sightseeing, and 106 minutes in the amusement facility, and 21 minutes in the bookshop, and in case of 2nd grade, they were shown that they stayed 64 minutes in the reading room, and 35 minutes in the billiard room and bowling room, and lastly in case of 3rd grade, they were shown that they stayed 51 minutes in the instant food store and 247 minutes in the private educational institution. In case of the contact time with the mass media, there was no difference in the activities such as 'printing media such as the news papers and magazines', 'watching TV, but there was the meaningful difference according to the sexual distinction in the time for 'listening the radio', and 'using computer' statistically(p<.05). When concretely examined, the female student had average 34 minutes for listening the radio, and this is over 13 minutes than the male students whereas the male students spent 129 minutes in 'computer', and this is 37 minutes more than that of the female.

토지이용패턴에 따른 하천수질과 식생분포

오영주,강병화,김병우,김성필,한민수,김진호,나영은 한국환경농학회 2006 한국환경농학회지 Vol.25 No.1

龍平 Ski場의 觀光客이 地域經濟에 미치는 影響

朴榮完,金炳文 관동대학교 1983 關大論文集 Vol.11 No.2

Kang Weon Province is a treasure house for tourists. There is not only a ski resort area, but there are resources for tourism year round-Spring, Summer, and antumn. As Korea has developed economically, tourism has also changed. The customary, more "active" and "varied forms of recreation, such as golf, skiing, Swimming, climbing, hiking, camping, and fishing. The is true especially for younger toursits. Since the young peung ski resort area is the only skiing region in Korea, skiers are attracted to the area from all over the country. Ninety Percent of skiers come from Seoul, and 10% from others regions. There are two ways to find out about attractive tourist areas. One way is from residencs which live near tourist sights, and the other way is from tourist resources about the tourist area. The young peung Ski resort area is 160KM from young peung tourist resources. The number of skiers exceeds the present accommodations for them. The tourist pattern in the ski region shows two peaks and two lows. Winter is the first peak and the second is fall. The high in the summer is due to tourists going to the East Sea bathing resorts. The first peak in winter accounts for 30% of all tourists in the country at that time, and 95% of all domestic tourists, including foreginers who live in Korea. There are many other tourist resources near the ski area. There are the famous beaches near Kangreung, and Oa Dea National Park. The youngPeung region is one spot on the tourist route in this Area. Skiing on young peoung has had little effect on regional economics as there are few lodginghouse or other accomodations. Becassuse skiing is popular and is a rapidly growing industry with many amature skiers, it would seem that other areas should be developed for skiing.

여가활동 유형이 여가만족에 미치는 영향

김의영,김의영,김영숙,윤대중,이병기 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 2002 武道硏究所誌 Vol.13 No.1

This research is designed to make a comparative analysis of the types of leisure activities and the degree of leisure satisfaction by demographic background variable and to present basic materials necessary for the development of programs for local policies on leisure in accordance with the local autonomous system with a view to determining the relationship between leisure and life satisfaction by type of leisure activity. The following are the findings. First, the survey on testing the difference of leisure satisfaction by gender failed to test the difference in psychological and physiological satisfaction, but there were a statistically significant difference in educational, social and relaxation satisfaction at a level of 1 percent. And the survey failed to test the difference in psychological satisfaction by age, but there was a statistically significant difference in leisure satisfaction by society, education, job, monthly income, and health. Second, the survey on the influences of the types of leisure activities on leisure satisfaction revealed that there was a statistically significant influences in all the subordinate variables of leisure satisfaction.

시각장애인 주택의 실태 및 요구도 분석에 관한연구

김상운,강병근,성기창,박광재,윤영삼,정은영 한국의료복지시설학회 2009 의료·복지 건축 Vol.15 No.1

Increasing the old and the senile disability, it is increased that the demand of barrier free house for the disabled the senior the pregnant and the young is strongly increasing recently. In this reason, this study focuses the problems of the house which is used by the Blind through the investigation of current status and tries to find out the differences between disability's demend and current design of their house. As well, through the research and analysis some cases of the residential alterations this study verifies what the demand is on each room and their need is committed correctly during the residential alterations. It is the purposes of this study finding the problems through these research and analysis Thus this study investigates houses of the Blind and finds out their house type scale and daily Iife through the statisticaI data and documentary survey and also investigates current status of their house. The basic standard for the current status and the demand analysis is researched by the barrier factors which are deducted from the former study.

Vertical pattern of interconnects to bypass high strain near a hard die on a flexible substrate under mechanical bending

Jong-Sung Lee,Young-Joo Lee,Jaegeun Seol,Young-Chang Joo,Byoung-Joon Kim 대한금속·재료학회 2024 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.20 No.2

The distinguishing feature of a fl exible electronic device is that it maintains its function even when the shape changes repeatedly. As the degree of integration of fl exible devices increases, revealing failure mechanisms and extending the lifetime ofthe fl exible devices are getting more diffi cult. One of the potential damage zones is the interface of heterogeneous materialcomponents, where strain can be localized due to the mismatch of mechanical properties. In this study, we investigate themechanically reliable interconnect design of the fl exible printed circuit board (FPCB) system in which the packaging chipis integrated. When the FPCB was bent, folding occurred at the edge of the packaging chip due to the high bending rigiditycompared with the plastic substrate and resulted in high strain concentration. By introducing interconnect architecture thatbypassed the strain concentration area around the packaging chip, mechanical damage of the interconnects was successfullyreduced. Through fi nite element simulation, the strain applied to the interconnect crossing the strain-concentrated regionwas predicted to be 2 times larger than that bypassing the strain-concentrated region, from 8.32 to 4.64%. In addition, thestrain gap of these two interconnects could be increased as the Young’s modulus mismatch between the packaging chip andthe substrate increased. This study is expected to improve the design guidelines to mechanically reliable interconnects inhighly integrated fl exible electronics.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

랫드에서 인체 재조합 적혈구 조혈인자, rHuEPO의 13주 정맥투여 아만성독성에 관한 연구

김형식,곽승준,천선아,박현선,한하수,임소영,안미영,김원배,김병문,안병옥,홍성렬,이병무 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1998 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.10 No.1

A recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) was administered intravenously at dosage levels of 0, 100, 500, and 2500 IU/㎏/day for a period of 13 weeks. There were no observed clinical signs and deaths related to treatment in all groups tested. Decreases in body weight gain and food consumption were observed only in males of 2,500 IU/㎏ group after 2 weeks. In hematological parameters, erythrocyte content, hematocrit values and hemoglobin concentration were dose-dependently increased in rHuEPO treated groups. The ratio between kidney weight and whole body weight was significantly increased in females of 500 and 2,500 IU/㎏ groups. The spleen weight was also increased in both sexes of 500 and 2,500 IU/㎏ groups. However, the absolute weight change of other organs was not observed. In histopathological examinations, the renal tubular basophilia was observed only in males and females of 2,500 IU/㎏ groups. From these results, it is concluded that the no-observed adverse effect level(NOAEL) of rHuEPO is 100 IU/㎏ in rats in the present study.

심혈관계 질환으로 관상질환 집중치료실에 입원한 환자들의 혜후 측정을 위한 APACHEⅢ점수 체계의 임상적 유용성

이공섭,이창선,최현주,홍종서,강지향,김도형,이민영,오인균,김병엽,김상억,김학찬,한승혜,이재용,지영우,안경주 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.8