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배병용,민병익 한국행정연구원 2003 韓國行政硏究 Vol.12 No.3
본 연구는 김대중 정부의 중앙행정부처를 기준으로 국무위원의 지위를 가진 장관을 직접적으로 보좌하는 차관을 중심으로 1948년 정부수립 후부터 김대중 정부에 이르는 역대 정부의 모든 차관의 출신배경, 경력배경, 재임기간 및 취임연령 등의 자료를 정리하여 정부별 임명특성을 살펴보는데 연구의 목적을 두고 진행하였다. 본 연구에서 나타난 주요 결과를 요약, 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 역대 정부 차관 임명에 있어 실적성의 정도를 살펴본 결과 대체적으로 최근 정부로 올수록 실적성이 증가하고 있다. 둘째, 정실성의 정도를 살펴보기 위해 출신대학, 동향여부, 고위군인 출신여부 등을 분석한 결과, 출신대학의 경우 서울대 집중현상이 매우 높았으며 임명권자의 출신대학이나 그 성향, 군출신, 그리고 출신지역이 차관 임명에 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 엽관성의 정도를 살펴보기 위해 정치인경험여부를 살펴본 결과 장면 정부에서 가장 높은 비율을 보였다. 끝으로, 차관 임명에 나타난 지역대표성의 정도를 살펴 본 결과 호남이 가장 과소 대표된 반면 영남이 가장 과다 대표된 것으로 나타났고 충청지역은 적절히 대표되었다. 본 연구는 대한민국 초대 정부부터 최근 김대중 정부에서 임명된 차관들의 방대한 배경적 자료들을 발굴하고 정리하여 기술적 통계를 제시하고 간략한 가설적 설명을 부가한데서 그 의의를 찾을 수 있으나 그 임명 배경을 충분히 설명하지 못한 한계를 가지고 있다. 따라서 앞으로 차관 임명의 배경에 대한 심층적이고도 충분한 설명이 요구되며 보다 분석적인 연구가 수행되어져야 할 것으로 믿는다. government. The upper government tries a power of influence to maintain about the local government. And the local government will pursue the autonomy through a strategic confrontation to the upper government. This paper paid attention to the factors which influence on local autonomy are policy motivation and the leadership of mayor. We exploded the discussion to the research object a scholarship policy in the Sung-nam city to be unfolded in theoretical such background. After a local autonomy, there is very dynamic interaction between the upper government and local government in the process of agenda setting and decision- making of local government. Such dynamics prepared the space which the local politics can be achieved. The research about local administration which we advanced and staied in a functional and institutional existing level. It will be said that we have the meaning that the point which can make the extension of the local politics to prepare the motivation. This paper aims to describe the characteristics of Vice-Ministers of Korean Governments from Rhee Seung Man government to Kim Dae Jung Government. We made the criteria for analyzing characteristics of Vice-Ministers, such as merit, patronage, spoils, and regional representativeness. There are several characteristics of Korean governments' appointing vice-ministers. Firstly, recent governments has appointed vice-ministers based on the merit criteria. Secondly, patronage had affected on appointing vice-ministers. In other words, the appointer(presidents and prime minister) appointed many vice-ministers based on the his college or university and birth place, and presidents who were from the military appointed vice-ministers often based on military service career. Thirdly, spoils had affected on appointing vice-ministers considerably. Especially, there were many vice-ministers who had political experiences with the appointer in Jang Myun government, because the government was parliamentary government. Finally, Honam region has been represented least in the appointed vice-ministers.
ILP 프로세서에서 2-단계 데이터 값 예측기의 Aliasing에 대한 효과
박희룡,전병찬,이상정 순천향대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 1998 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.4 No.2
To exploit instruction level parallelism(ILP) in ILP processor, it is necessary to overcome the limits of data dependency among instructions. The data value prediction is a method to remove the limitation. In this paper, two-level data value predictor and hybrid data value predictor are studied. And the performance of those schemes are compared and analyzed. Also, the effects of aliasing on PHT(Pattern History Table) are measured and analyzed. As a result of experiment, it is shown that is there ware occurred aliasing of about 88%-98% in two-level and hybrid predictor. But the aliasing's hit ratio is reduced about 50% when XOR was applied on PHT.
Byoung Ryong Jeong,Chiwon W. Lee 한국원예학회 2004 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.45 No.2
The influence of N forms and Cl? on solution pH and ion uptake in the hydroponic culture of Ageratum houstonianum (NH₄?-tolerant) and Salvia splendens (NH₄?-sensitive) for a time course of 216 h was investigated. The pH of the hydroponic solution (initially 6.50) supplied with either NH₄? or NH₄?+NO₃? was drastically lowered to 3.08, whereas that of the same solution supplied with NO₃? was raised up to 7.74. Solution pH changed more by ageratum than by salvia. The solution Cl? concentration did not influence solution pH significantly. However, the addition of Cl? in the solution lowered transpiration rate in both NH₄? and NO₃? treatments. Total N uptake was greatest in the NH₄? + NO₃? treatment and lowest in the NO₃? treatment. In the NH₄? + NO₃? treatment, NO₃? uptake was suppressed by NH₄? (to about 50%), while NH₄? uptake was not affected by NO₃?. The rate of Cl? uptake was lowest in the NH₄? treatment but was similar in the N₄? + NO₃? and NO₃? treatments. The uptake of K?, H₂PO₄?, SO₄²?, Mn²?, and Zn²? was significantly enhanced in the NH₄? treatment. The uptake rate of Ca²? and Mg²? was highest in the NO₃? treatment. Absorption of Cu²? and B was not affected by N source. Ion uptake was more stable in the solution containing both NH₄? and NO₃? than in the solution containing either NH₄? or NO₃?. The uptake rates of total N, NH₄?, NO₃?, Mn²?, Cu²?, and Zn²? were significantly higher in ageratum than in salvia, whereas those of Cl? and Mo were significantly lower in ageratum than in salvia. The amounts of total anion (TA) absorbed, but not total cation (TC), the difference (TC - TA), and sum (TC + TA) were all affected by N source, Cl? level and their interaction. The total anion and cation uptake was significantly depressed, due to reduced uptake of both TA and TC, but TC - TA was significantly increased in the NO₃? treatment compared to the NH₄? or the NH₄? + NO₃? treatments, especially in the absence of Cl?, Plant tissue ion contents were also affected by N source and Cl? level.
Byoung Ryong Jeong,Chiwon W. Lee 한국원예학회 2007 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.48 No.5
The influence of various concentrations of NH₄? (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 me·L<SUP>-1</SUP>), NO₃? (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 me·L<SUP>-1</SUP>) and NH₄? + NO₃? (0+0, 3+3, 6+6, 9+9, 12+12, 15+15, and 18+18 me·L<SUP>-1</SUP>) on the growth and flowering of Petunia hybrida in the peat-lite (PL) and rockwool (RW) media was investigated. The highest shoot dry weight was obtained when plants were grown with 9 me·L<SUP>-1</SUP> + 9 me·L<SUP>-1</SUP> NH₄? + NO₃? in the PL medium among all treatments. When plants were fertilized with NH₄? alone, the highest shoot dry weight was obtained with 12 or 15 me·L<SUP>-1</SUP> and 9 me·L<SUP>-1</SUP> NH₄? in PL and RW, respectively. Plants fertilized with NO₃? alone produced the greatest shoot dry weight at concentrations greater than 12 me·L<SUP>-1</SUP> in both media. The N levels higher than these optimum concentrations reduced dry weight. Flowering was delayed as N concentration increased, especially with NO₃?. Rockwool was undesirable in producing quality plants when only NH₄? was used, since it produced smaller plants with NH₄?-related toxicity symptoms, especially at high N concentrations. However, both the NO₃? and the NH₄? + NO₃? treatments produced acceptable quality plants in RW.