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梁炳基 청주대학교 사회과학연구소 1985 한국사회과학연구 Vol.3 No.-
This paper is devoted to examining the views and stands entertained and maintained by north Korea on war and peace Thus, it will focus its attention on the following subjects. First of all, North Korea's perception of the essentials of war or its official doctrine of war in general should be considered. In the second place, we will look into what North Korea's theory of the inevitability of war as has been advocated as the basic position of the Pyongyang regime is like. In the third place, the North Korean doctrines of peace as related to its view of war will be reviewed. In order to attain the objective of this study, a method of conceptual analysis by means of reviewing the official literature of North Korea concerning the subjects of study will be adopted. Then, the results will be compared with the positions of the Soviet Union and Communist China. North Korea's Concept of War is borrowed largely from that of Lenin and many other Communists whose views of war were influenced by the theory of war of Clausewitz. According to North Korean official literature, "war is a product of class society and it will disappear with the extinction of class society. War is manifestation of internal and external policies adopted by the ruling class ". North Korea classified wars into "just war" and "unjust war" plus some additional kinds. The classification depends on arbitrary preferences of North Korea and represents an extreme form of dichotomy. It is simply a matter of whether North Korea supports a war or rejects and opposes another war. A just war, according to the North Korean literature, is a war of liberation waged by a people. opposing imperialist aggression or a war that weakens and exterminates the reactionary class and its ruling apparatus and promotes social progress by liberating the suppressed people from the yoke of imperialism. On the other hand, North Korea divides "unjust wars" into two types. As a matter of practice, North Korea identifies such an "unjust war" with "a war of aggression." Particularly all wars in which the United States is involved are branded "unjust wars that is wars of aggression." Thus, North Koreans classify wars in terms of their own prejudiced moral values measured against their utility for Communist revolution. It is the Stalinist method of classifying wars into just and unjust wars, and North Korea imitates and accepts it without any revision. In addition, North Koreans occasionally mention such other kinds of war as special war, localized war or all-out war. All the views of war and positions on war examined above lead up to a doctrine of inevitability of war entertained by North Korea. Like other Communist states North Korea insists that wars are unavoidable as long as imperialism remains on the earth and struggle against imperialism is called for. Along this line of argument, North Korea justifies a war of struggle against imperialism as inevitable. Thus, we find that North Korea's theory of war is in keeping with the doctrine of inevitability of war advocated by Lenin, Stalin and Mao Tse-tung. But, North Korea flatly denied and rejected Khrushchev's doctrines of avoidability of war and peaceful coexistence with the capitalist world. It denounced Khrushchev's views as "bourgeois pacifism" or "revisionist." According to the North Korean interpretation, the most in- mediate cause of war at the present time is the "aggressive and exploitative nature of imperialism spearheaded by American imperialists." Therefore, the only way to remove the cause of war will be to drive American imperialism out of the globe. The North Korean attitude toward war can be summarized as follows. First of all, it is neither desirous of war nor afraid of war. Second, political and ideological unity must be strengthened in preparation for war. Technical superiority of the enemy should be prevailed over by ideological superiority. North Korea's doctrine of inevitability of war was adopted from Lenin and Stalin while the superiority of ideology as a decisive weapon to win a war may be said to have been adopted from Mao Tse-tung who advocated a theory of spiritual weapon. As is well known to the world, North Korea has declared that it has completed preparations for war by now. The United States and South Korea agree on the ability of North Korea to wage a war for itself and by itself. The opposite concept of war is peace. Then, how do North Koreans define peace and what is their logic of peace? To communists, however, peace is merely a state devoid of war in accordance with their negative perception heavily influenced by their view of war. To them peace implies a period when resort to violence is absent before the world is communized. In North Korea, like inmost Communist nations, love of peace is described as "bourgeois pacifism" and criticized as a reactionary trend of thought. Communists claim that bourgeois pacifism conceals the fact that the presence of imperialism is the very cause of war. North Koreans would not accept any peace as genuine unless and until the oppressive imperialist forces are uprooted from the earth.
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고경태,정성일,황병렬,박종일,김경훈 경희대학교 자연과학종합연구원 1997 자연과학논문집 Vol.3 No.-
The purpose of this study is the design of the climate chamber. Experiments was performed in a climate chamber that was running Under Floor Air-Conditioning System (UFAC). The chamber has a diffuser in the middle of the floor, and exhausts on the ceiling, simulating underfloor air conditioning system.
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獨逸歌曲 發生의 思潮硏究 : SehubertㆍBrahms의 Lied를 中心으로
蔡完秉 淸州敎育大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.29 No.-
In a treatise on German Romantics music in 19 centurys we can not disregard the new tide of liberalism which became the back ground though of that time in place of Absolutism. The general tendency of the music in this age was to give up the grand composition and accurate formalism of the classicism and to express in songs more simple and hearty feelings of human. While the classicism described the world and cossmos so magnificently, Romanticism were rather familiar with the daily life of people and human innocent emotions. Another character of the 19 century Romanticism is its nationalism which is contrasted with the inter nationalism of the classicism. Schubert, the King of song, expressed the romanticism as well as nationalism to the best perfection. In a nationalistic music, one's mother tongue is considered important, and also one's national literature. No music is more related with the literature than the German Lied which makes a new way through the cannetion of beth. Lied had used to be just popular, but in 18 century it became to be artistic and through Schubert it got the same artistic value as Symphony or Sonta. As Schubert's Lieds are composed of the poem and music (80 Songs out of Schubert's 600 Lieds are composed after Gothe's poems.) The music was composed after the poem was written. So the composer needs to get accqusinted with the meaning and nuance of the poems the express their images melody and rhythm before be composes. The Lieds of "Die Forelle" gives the very good example how he changes the words and lyrics of the poem into musical symbels. But it doesn't mean that the syntax of the poems are too much dominant over the music, but the poem and music are put into the very artistic dimension. Schubert is said to have given the proper tunes and rhythms to the poems, as if the poems had been written for the songs. So his certain melody or rhythms has a specific meaning and indicates certain emotion or thoughts, while a Mozart's rhythm doesn't indicate any certain emotion. We also find that Schubert traid to avoid the formal pattern and show the naive and liberal description and the familiar understanding. He was a liberalist who prescribed the forms of songs according to the structures of poems. The character of German Lieds lives in the technical method which human emotions and thoughts are expressed so vividly and friendly as a novelist would narrate a story and a painter would sketch a picture.
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Glomus Tumor Causing Anterior Thigh Pain: A Case Report
So, Sang Young,Kim, Byng Mook,Lee, Sun Yeul,Ko, Young Kwon,Shin, Yong Sup,Lee, Won Hyung The Korean Pain Society 2014 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.27 No.2
Glomus tumors are a rare, benign neoplasm and 75% exist in the subungual region. Extradigital glomus tumors are much more difficult to diagnose because of their atypical location and symptoms. Furthermore, if their symptoms are similar to neuropathic pain, the patient can suffer from misdirected treatment due to misdiagnosis. It is essential to perform careful evaluation of the lesion itself in order to reduce misdiagnosis. Ultrasonography is a useful, non-invasive method that can be easily performed in the pain clinic for local evaluation and diagnosis. We report a case of misdiagnosed glomus tumor in the thigh which was properly diagnosed after ultrasonography.
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( Soo Hyun Park ),( Byng Goo Ko ),( Jin Wook Jung ),( Sung Ho Kim ),( Kyu Hwan Choi ),( Seung Hee Lee ),( Sae Jong Park ) 한국체육학회 2015 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1
Purpose: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been associated with the progress of early atherosclerosis, independent of age, gender, race and traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. While high cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with slower progression of early atherosclerosis in men. The association between CRF and progress of early atherosclerosis in men with MetS is not clear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that high CRF is associated with lower levels of arterial stiffness in men with and without the MetS. We additionally examine whether increase in arterial stiffness was attenuates by CRF. Method: The study participants were 536 Korean men (19-64 yrs) from the first year of the Korea National Fitness Award Project. The CRF was quantified from the duration of a maximal treadmill exercise test. MetS was defined as the NCEP ATP-III criteria for Asian. Based on cut-off point associated with the MetS (39.33 ml/kg/min, 11.2 METs), participants were divided by over cut-off value (high) and under cut-off value (low) of CRF. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) and stiffness parameters including β stiffness parameter (β) and pressure-strain elasticity modulus (Ep) and arterial compliance (AC) were measured on ultrasound image. And, brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was measured. Result: Men with the MetS had significantly higher cIMT (0.54±0.12 vs. 0.58±0.13 mm, p=0.001), β (6.84 ±2.72 vs. 7.89±3.49, p=0.004), Ep (92.61±38.94 vs. 112.15±49.53 kPa, p<0.001) and baPWV (1279.0±181.82 vs. 1397.2±215.34 cm/s, p<0.001) than Men without Mets. Men in the high CRF had significantly lower subclinical atherosclerosis factors (cIMT, β, EP and baPWV) and higher AC. CRF was inversely correlated with cIMT (-0.283, p<0.001), β (-0.254, p<0.004), Ep (-0.268, p<0.001) and baPWV (-0.314, p<0.001), positively correlated with AC (-0.183, p<0.001). When according to four group (low CRF with MetS, high CRF with MetS, low CRF without MetS and high CRF without MetsS), interestingly, men in the high CRF group with MetS had significantly lower cIMT (0.54±0.09 vs. 0.59±0.13 mm, p=0.037), β stiffness (5.83 ±1.53 vs. 7.53±2.98, p=0.001), Ep (85.2 ±22.66 vs. 103.7±43.49 kPa, p=0.014) than men in the low CRF group without MetS. Conclusion: The major finding of this study was that high CRF attenuated arterial stiffness in men with and without the MetS. Furthermore, high CRF men with the MetS showed lower arterial stiffness than low CRF men without MetS. These results demonstrated that high cardiorespiratory fitness is attenuated progress of early atherosclerosis in men both with and without MetS. Especially, high CRF may be a strong protective effect of celebro-cardiovascular disease in men with the MetS.
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