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Byeonghyeon Kim,Jin Young Jeong,Seol Hwa Park,Hyun Jung Jung,Min Ji Kim 한국축산학회 2022 한국축산학회지 Vol.64 No.5
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of three different copper (Cu)sources (one inorganic and two organics) and levels (0, 50, and 100 mg/kg) on the growthperformance, Cu digestibility, fecal mineral excretion, serum mineral concentration, jejunalmorphology, and serum biochemical profile of growing pigs. A total of 42 male, growing pigs(31.08 ± 1.82 kg) were randomly assigned to seven treatments consisting of one negativecontrol (0 mg/kg of added Cu level) and treatments with copper sulfate (CuSO4), Cu-aminoacid complex (CuAA), and Cu-hydroxy-4-methylthio butanoate chelate complex (CuHMB)at 50 and 100 mg/kg each for 28 d. Pigs fed 50 or 100 mg/kg of Cu showed improved (p <0.05) average daily gain and feed intake. Although Cu excretion decreased (p < 0.01) in pigsfed 100 mg/kg of organic Cu sources compared to those fed CuSO4, there was no differencebetween the Cu sources in pigs fed 50 mg/kg. However, the apparent total tract digestibilityof Cu increased (p < 0.01) in pigs fed organic Cu sources compared with that in pigs fedCuSO4. The addition of CuHMB increased (p < 0.01) serum phosphorus and sulfur concentrations;however, there were no effects of source and level on jejunal morphology and serumbiochemical profile. These results suggest that the inclusion (50 mg/kg) of organic Cu sources(CuAA and CuHMB) in the growing pig diet could be beneficial for growth performanceand Cu availability and may reduce environmental pollution.
Evaluation of black soldier fly larvae oil as a dietary fat source in broiler chicken diets
( Byeonghyeon Kim ),( Han Tae Bang ),( Ki Hyun Kim ),( Min Ji Kim ),( Jin Young Jeong ),( Ju Lan Chun ),( Sang Yun Ji ) 한국축산학회(구 한국동물자원과학회) 2020 한국축산학회지 Vol.62 No.2
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of black soldier fly larvae oil (BSFLO) from the black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) as a partial or total replacement of soybean oil (SBO) on growth performance, fatty acid (FA) profile, and meat quality of broiler chickens from 1 to 5 wk of age. A total of 210 male broiler chickens (Ross 308) at one-day of age were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments (10 replicates and 7 birds/group): a basal control diet (CON), the basal diet in which the SBO was replaced by 50% (50 BSFLO) or 100% (100 BSFLO) of BSFLO. The growth performance, physical measurements and chemical traits of leg meat, and sensory analysis of breast meat were not influenced by diets. However, the relative weight (g/kg) of gizzard of CON was significantly higher (14.85, 12.52, and 13.02 for CON, 50 BSFLO, and 100 BSFLO; p < 0.05) than that of other treatments. As expected, the FA profile of breast meat was affected by BSFLO inclusion. The proportion (%) of saturated fatty acid (SFA) was increased (27.16, 27.58, and 28.72 for CON, 50 BSFLO, and 100 BSFLO; p < 0.05) by BSFLO inclusion and the percentage (%) of MUFA was also increased (43.36, 44.58, and 48.55 for CON, 50 BSFLO, and 100 BSFLO; p < 0.01). On the contrary, the proportion (%) of PUFA was decreased (29.49, 27.84, and 22.74 for CON, 50 BSFLO, and 100 BSFLO; p < 0.01). In conclusion, the present study suggests that the replacement of BSFLO did not show an adverse effect on growth performance and it could be an ingredient as a dietary fat source for a broiler diet.
( Byeonghyeon Kim ),( Kondreddy Eswar Reddy ),( Hye Ran Kim ),( Ki Hyun Kim ),( Yookyung Lee ),( Minji Kim ),( Sang Yun Ji ),( Sung Dae Lee ),( Jin Young Jeong ) 한국축산학회(구 한국동물자원과학회) 2021 한국축산학회지 Vol.63 No.3
Heat stress (HS) damages health and decreases performance variables in pigs, and if severe enough, causes mortality. However, metabolic changes under HS and recovery following HS are poorly understood. Therefore, this study was aimed to expose the essential mechanisms by which growing pigs respond to HS and the temporal pattern of plasma concentrations (PC) of amino acids (AAs) and metabolites. Crossbred male growing pigs were penned separately and allowed to adapt to thermal-neutral (TN) conditions (20℃ and 80% relative humidity; TN[- 1D]). On the first day, all pigs were exposed to HS for 24 h (36℃ and 60% relative humidity), then to TN conditions for 5 days (TN[2D] to TN[5D]). All pigs had ad libitum access to water and 3 kg feed twice daily. Rectal temperature (RT) and feed intake (FI) were determined daily. HS pigs had higher RT (40.72℃) and lower (50%) FI than TN(-1D) pigs (p < 0.01). The PC of indispensable (threonine, valine, and methionine) and dispensable (cysteine and tyrosine) AAs were higher (p < 0.05) in HS than TN(-1D) pigs and remained increased during recovery time. Nonprotein α-aminobutyric acid and β-alanine concentrations were higher (p < 0.05) in HS than TN(-1D) pigs. The metabolite concentration of creatinine was higher (p < 0.01) under HS treatment than other treatments, but that of alanine and leucine remained increased (p < 0.05) through 5 d of recovery. In summary, some major differences were found in plasma AA profiles and metabolites between HS- and TN-condition pigs. This indicates that the HS pigs were forced to alter their metabolism, and these results provide information about mechanisms of acute HS responses relative to the recovery time.
( Byeonghyeon Kim ),( Hye Ran Kim ),( Ki Hyun Kim ),( Sang Yun Ji ),( Minji Kim ),( Yookyung Lee ),( Sung Dae Lee ),( Jin Young Jeong ) 한국축산학회(구 한국동물자원과학회) 2021 한국축산학회지 Vol.63 No.2
Heat stress (HS) causes adverse impacts on pig production and health. A potential biomarker of HS is required to predict its occurrence and thereby better manage pigs under HS. Information about the saliva metabolome in heat-stressed pigs is limited. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the effects of acute HS on the saliva metabolome and identify metabolites that could be used as potential biomarkers. Growing pigs (n = 6, 3 boars, and 3 gilts) were raised in a thermal neutral (TN; 25℃) environment for a 5-d adaptation period (CON). After adaptation, the pigs were first exposed to HS (30℃; HS30) and then exposed to higher HS (33℃; HS33) for 24 h. Saliva was collected after adaptation, first HS, and second HS, respectively, for metabolomic analysis using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Four metabolites had significantly variable importance in the projection (VIP > 1; p < 0.05) different levels in TN compared to HS groups from all genders (boars and gilts). However, sex-specific characteristics affected metabolites (glutamate and leucine) by showing the opposite results, indicating that HS was less severe in females than in males. A decrease in creatine levels in males and an increase in creatine phosphate levels in females would have contributed to a protective effect from protein degradation by muscle damage. The results showed that HS led to an alteration in metabolites related to energy and protein. Protection from muscle damage may be attributed to the alteration in protein-related metabolites. However, energy-related metabolites showed opposing results according to sex-specific characteristics, such as sex hormone levels and subcutaneous fat layer. This study had shown that saliva samples could be used as a noninvasive method to evaluate heat-stressed pigs. And the results in this study could be contributed to the development of a diagnostic tool as a noninvasive biomarker for managing heat-stressed pigs.