일원철학(一圓哲學)의 마음론과 사상인(四象人)의 마음공부(1) -『정전』 「제2 교의편」을 중심으로-

임병학 ( Lim Byeong-hak ),최구원 ( Choi Ku-won ) 한국동서철학회 2018 동서철학연구 Vol.0 No.88

본 논문은 『동의수세보원』에서 밝히고 있는 사상인의 마음작용을 바탕하여, 일원철학의 『정전』의 마음론으로 사상인의 마음공부에 대하여 고찰하였다. 일원철학과 사상철학은 마음학이라는 공통점을 가지고 있다. 또 『주역』의 음양(陰陽)사상을 근본으로 소태산은 정신개벽을 통해 인간의 종교적 심성과 윤리적 삶을 밝히고, 동무는 인간의 도덕적 마음에 근거한 사상의학(四象醫學)을 창안하였다. 특히 두 철학은 구한말 고통 받는 민중들의 삶을 극복하고자 하는 애민(愛民)의 마음에서 주창된 한국철학이다. 본 논문은 일원철학과 사상철학의 마음학을 융합한 첫 번째 연구로 일원철학의 근본 가르침인 사은과 사요, 그리고 팔조를 중심으로 사상인의 마음공부를 고찰하였다. 먼저 『정전』의 사은은 인의예지(仁義禮智)를 통해 사상인의 마음공부와 연결된다. 인(仁)은 부모은ㆍ의(義)는 법률은ㆍ예(禮)는 동포은ㆍ지(知)는 천지은과 결부되기 때문에 태양인은 법률은을 헤아리고 감사할 줄 아는 마음공부가 필요하며, 소음인은 동포 은혜에 대한 감사하는 마음공부가 있어야 하며, 소양인은 부모에 대한 공경하고 감사하는 마음공부가 필요하며, 태음인은 천지에 대한 감사하는 마음공부가 필요함을 알 수 있다. 또 사요에서 자력 양성은 소양인의 나심(懶心)을 극복하는 마음공부가 되고, 지자 본위는 태양인의 절심(竊心)을 극복하는 마음공부가 되고, 타자녀 교육은 태음인의 치심(侈心)을 극복하는 마음공부가 되고, 공도자 숭배는 소음인의 탈심(奪心)을 극복하는 마음공부가 된다. 다음으로 팔조(八條)의 진행 사조에서 태양인은 모든 것을 이루려고 할 때 마음을 정하는 믿음이 있음이 필요하고, 소음인은 용감하고 굳세게 목표를 향하는 분심(憤心)을 가지는 마음공부가 필요하고, 소양인은 끝까지 목적을 이루게 하는 정성의 마음공부가 필요하고, 태음인은 모르는 것을 지혜롭게 알아내는 의단(疑端)을 가지는 마음공부가 필요한 것이다. 또 사연 사조에서 태음인은 치심이 생겨서 결정하지 못하는 불신의 마음이 있고, 소음인은 탈심하는 마음이 생겨서 모든 것을 자기 식대로 왜곡하려는 어리석음이 있고, 소양인은 게으름의 마음인 나심이 있고, 태양인은 모든 것을 탐하려는 탐욕심이 있기 때문에 이를 제거하는 마음공부가 필요함을 알 수 있다. This study is about the mind practice of Sasangin from the scriptures of Won-Buddhism of Il-Won Philosophy based on the mental factors of Sasangin that are determined in Donguisusebowon. Il-Won Philosophy and Sasang-philosophy have a common point in mind practice. Based on the Yin and Yang concept of Itching, Sotaesan (少太山) has revealed the religious mentality and ethical life of the human being through psychological creation, while Dongmoo (東武) invented Sasang medicine based on humanity’s moral mind. In particular, these two philosophies are Korean philosophies originated from the mind of love that seeks to help people to overcome the suffering of life. This thesis is the first attempt to integrate the Il-Won Philosophy and the Sasang philosophy. It examines the mind practice of Sasangin centering on The Fourfold Graces, The Four Essentials and The Eight Articles which are the basic teachings of the Il-Won Philosophy. First, The Fourfold Graces of Jungjeon are connected to the mind study of Sasangin through In-ui-ye-ji. Because the In is related to the grace of parents, the Ui colligates the grace of laws, Ye is coupled with the grace of fellow beings and Ji is connected to the grace of heaven and earth. So Taeyangin needs to study mind practice to know the grace of laws and appreciate them. Soeumin must do mind practice to appreciate the grace of fellow beings and Soyangin needs to perform mind practice about respect and gratitude for one’s parents. We can know that Taeeumin needs to improve the mind that expresses gratitude for heaven and earth. In the four Essentials, ‘The Developing Self-Power’ is a way to overcome the lazy mind of Soyangin. ‘The Primacy of the Wise’ becomes a way of the self-discipline of the mind to overcome the greedy mind of Taeyangin. ‘Educating Others’ Children’ is a great method of mind practice which overcomes the extravagant mind of Taeeumin. ‘Venerating the Public-Spirited’ is a way of mind practice that overcomes the dogmatism(奪心) of Soeumin. Next, in the proceedings of The Eight Articles(八條), Taeyangin needs to have the faith that sets the mind when trying to accomplish everything; Soeumin needs their mind practice to have zeal, with brave and strong intentions toward their goals; Soyangin needs to polish up the heart until the end to achieve the goal; and Taeumin has to discipline the mind with a suspicion of knowing that which he does not know wisely. Taeumin nreuires a mind practice that has doubts arising in one’s mind for knowing wisely what one does not know. In The Four Articles to Forsake, Taeumin has a mind of disbelief that cannot be determined because of indulgence(侈心), Soeumin has a foolish mind to distort everything in his own way because of having dogmatism(奪心), Soyangin has a lazy heart and Taeyangin has the greediness to want for everything, so the four Sasangins need mind practicing to remove these faults.

P92강의 고온 특성

원성준,임병수 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 2001 論文集 Vol.52 No.2

In order to obtain higher efficiency and to reduce the amount of CO_2 exhausting from high temperature components, operating temperature and pressure have been raised recently. Such effort required the development of new high temperature materials, which have better high temperature properties. As the result, P92 steel is developed as a new high temperature piping material. In this study, the tensile properties and the fatigue crack growth rates of P92 steel were obtained at 600℃, 650℃ and 700℃ and the effects of temperature on high temperature characteristics were investigated using Base metal(As received), Base metal(As PWHT) and Weld metal.

명사의 특정성; 그 인지적 조건과 문법적 형식

원병관,권병철 도립 강원전문대학 2000 道立 江原專門大學 論文集 Vol.3 No.-

The usage of a definite article or an indefinite article has remained unsettled and vague not only in the hands of linguists but also in the field of English teaching as a second language. The aim in this article is to provide a more concrete and principled explanation to the definiteness of noun and the aspects of its grammatical realization. This desirable purpose starts from the cognitive concepts of 'uniqueness' and 'identifiability' of a particular referent in the minds of speech participants to see under what conditions the definite article or indefinite article can be entitled to be used for the noun concerned. It is well known that articles in English plays a functional role of referential indices to the noun they attached. In an attempt to examine the cognitive condition according to which article system will be elucidated in a more simple and exhaustive way, we take into consideration the correlations between the cognitive category of identifiability and uniqueness of referent and its grammatical category of definite and indefinite article. What is worth notifying in this article is that definiteness of noun is affirmed by way of various routes. Among them, explicit or logical uniqueness, inferential uniqueness, and representative uniqueness was the primary factors that allow the use of the definite article. Though there still remains much problems to be resolved, this article will serve as a more generalized and decisive account for the definiteness of the noun and its grammatical realization in virtue of these uniqueness conditions.

멀티미디어를 이용한 영어교육

원병관,권병철 도립 강원전문대학 2000 道立 江原專門大學 論文集 Vol.3 No.-

In the era of globalization and telecommunication via high technology of multimedia industry. It is imperative to apply multimedia technology to English education as we have moved in to the age of information. Majority of Korean teachers now are not comfortable with multimedia use but it will eventually enhance teaching and loaming capability. When we consider students increased interest in the Internet at most schools, it seems practical for EFL teachers to actually use Internet resources in EFL learning as CALL(Computer Assisted Language Loaming) and multimedia courseware programs develop in a rapid speed. This paper is an attempt to increase the communicative competence of our students through the multimedia English education by using authentic resources such as Internet, CD-ROM Title and courseware programs, and also look into how the multimedia approach can satisfy Krashen's theory of second language acquisition(1982), the most coherent and comprehensive theory of language acquisition. As language teaching activities based on an assumed definition of language, the audio-lingual method is based on a very limited and mechanical conception of language, but Chomsky's generative theory(1959) claims that language is rule-governed creativity in which the language user uses rules to create meaningful utterances to communicate. Krashen has put an emphasis on lowering the affective filter of the student by providing anxiety-free situation for language acquisition. Most convincing and valid theories have yielded communicative teaching approach by which subconscious acquisition and meaningful practice are focused. It is desirable that various types or kinds of courseware programs related to the English education have been developed and used in the multimedia English class of our country, and the further study about this field is required.

P92강의 고온피로특성

원성준,정찬서,임병수 성균관대학교 기계기술연구소 2001 성균관대학교 논문집 기계기술편 Vol.4 No.1

In this paper, fatigue characteristics of P92 steel at high temperature are investigated to obtain basic mechanical properties and to study effect of temperature on fatigue crack growth behavior in P92 steel. Both tensile test and fatigue crack growth test were cared out at 55O℃, 600℃ and 650℃. From the tensile tests, yield strengths, tensile strengths, reduction rates in area and elongations were obtained. From the fatigue crack growth tests, fatigue crack growth rates were calculated at each test temperature and they were compared with each other to study the effect of temperature on fatigue crack growth rate.

인간공학평가를 이용한 외상과염의 작업관련성 평가

김정원,예병진 고신대학교 의과대학 2010 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.25 No.2

Lateral epicondylitis is one of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. We evaluated a worker who diagnosed lateral epicondylitis with some ergonomics tools to identify work-related risk factors at his workplace. The worker's main job is drawing up a design using a CAD(computer aided design) program. The CAD job shows us that investigation and changes are required soon as an action level. We suggested some recommendations to improve his working conditions and prevent his disorder.

인간공학평가를 이용한 요추간판탈출중의 작업관련성 평가

김정원,예병진 고신대학교 의과대학 2010 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.25 No.2

Herniated nucleus pulpous(HNP) on lumbar spine is one of work-related musuloskeletal disorders. We evaluated a worker diagnosed HNP with some ergonomics tools to identify work-related risk factors at his workplace. One tool is are mainly developed to evaluate lumbar disc pressure of 5th lumbar on 1st sacral spine. We used another tool to evaluate lumbar posture. The worker's main job is heavy material lifting and handlings. The results show us that his work can be a musculoskeletal body burden of his low back such as pressure over 3,400N. Finally, We suggested some recommendations to improve his working conditions and prevent his disorder

합리적 정서 처치기법이 심리적 요인에 미치는 효과

원주연,김병완,김윤태 대전대학교 기초과학연구소 2000 自然科學 Vol.11 No.2

이 연구는 여러 가지 심리적 요인에 긍정적 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상되는 합리적 처치기법(REBT)이 심리적 요인(경쟁불안 · 스포츠자신감 · 경쟁지향성)에 미치는 효과를 규명하여 사격 경기력 향상을 위한 심리적인 기초자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 3년 이상 선수경력이 있는 고등부 남 · 여 사격선수 80명을 대상으로 REBT 프로그램을 통해 종속변인의 변화량을 성별, 처치집단별로 이원변량분석을(two way ANOVA)을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 신체적 상태불안 변화량의 성별, 처치집단별 차이에서 처치집단이 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 즉, 처치집단이 통제집단에 비해 신체적 상태불안 수준이 큰 폭으로 감소하였다. 2. 인지적 상태불안 변화량의 성별, 처치집단별 차이에서 처치집단은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 즉, 처치집단이 통제집단에 비해 인지적 상태불안의 감소가 현저했다. 3. 스포츠 자신감 변화량의 성별, 처치집단별 차이에서 처치집단은 통제집단에 비해 특성스포츠자신감과 상태스포츠자신감이 현격하게 증가하였다. 4. 과제지향성 변화량의 성별, 처치집단별 차이에서 처치집단은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 즉 처치집단은 사후검사와 사전검사의 변화량이 감소하였다. 5. 자아지향성의 성별, 처치집단별 차이에서 모두 처치집단은 통제집단에 비해 자아지향성이 증가하는 경향이 있었다. 즉, 처치집단이 통제집단에 비해 자아지향성이 향상되는 결과이다. The present study is designed to examine the effect of REBT program on somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety, sport confidence, task orientation and ego orientation. The object of the study is made up of eighty high school shooting players who all possess individual career record over three years. The collected data were analyzed by 2-Way ANOVA and the change of dependent variables was analyzed according to the gender groups and treatment groups. The implications of the study are as follows. 1. Change in somatic anxiety The gender and treatment groups showed effect on the change of somatic anxiety in the post and the pre-test 2. Change in cognitive anxiety The gender and treatment groups showed effect on the change of cognitive anxiety in the post and the pre-test 3. Change in sport-confidence The gender and treatment groups showed effect on the change of traiustate spork-confidence in the post and the pre-test 4. Change in task orientation The gender and treatment groups showed effect on the change of task orientation in the post and the pre-test 5. Change in ego orientation The gender and treatment groups showed effect on the change of ego orientation in the post and the pre-test

비파괴시험 및 수치해석기법에 의한 콘크리트 포장슬래브의 구조적 평가

이승원,노병철 尙志大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.17 No.-

A study on structural evaluation of cement concrete pavement slabs has importance as a basic research required for the analysis of sturctural behavior and the estimation of remaining life, and the development of new analytical design method. In this study, transfer rates in terms of deflections of concrete pavement salbs are examined to analyze the dowel bar effect and the location. Back calculation for material properties of concrete pavement slabs is also performed based on the FWD(Ralling Weight Deflectometer) deflection measurements.

수학과 열린교육 실천을 위한 교수-학습 방법 고찰

손원호,전병임 부산 외국어 대학교 2000 外大論叢 Vol.20 No.1

The further will be decided by mathematics and science education and we need a revolutionary conversion in our country's education. In this study, it is aimed to perform open education in mathematics education field. In additional, all elementary fields will have to seek the education for supporting creativity. These whole courses will be arranged after the elementary fields are compounded by mathematical ability or communication. Observing the problem of mathematics education in the parts of the management theory of school and teaching methods, I studied various educational approaching processes and instructing methods in changing mathematics attitudes and interesting. These methods will be perform by positive promotion in mathematics education. Open education will play a great role in our country's education in the view of free education course which students become the center of it.