미래파에 나타난 타이포그라피적 특질과 현대 타이포그라피에 미친 영향 연구 : 미래파 작가들의 작품분석을 중심으로 through the analysis of futurist' works

李炳錫 서원대학교 예술문화연구소 1998 예술문화논총 Vol.7 No.-

Fundamental function of typography is a tool for mutual communication and furthermore, it contribute to effective and clear exchange of idea or intention. We can dare to say that experimental works of futuristic poets initiate the boost of progress in typography, now it enable to carry the present function with concrete and expressive visual figures through printing matters. Of course, even before that period, small touch of progressive trial for typography was executed. But, these trials could not be deviated from fixed norm and standard, only they worked in routine category, such as development of type casting and so on. Still, these trials were far from the vitalization of letter form which is bearing visual power. Let me summarize the direct and indirect contribution of futurist whose efforts were influenced on modern typography, as follows. Firstly, they draw the topic of readability to the table through the widening the functions of typography. Futurist's drastic changeable way of expression, which is based on the format of Avant-gard, being criticized by the point of modern view, due to its relatively low readability and difficulty in comprehension. But we can put significant meanings on this change that make each letter vitalized with ability and valuation against the existing routine way of reading and simple readability. In the long run, it allows us to have a discussion regarding main contents through the providing of motivation. Secondly, they incurred the revolutionary change for the way of printing of typography. They led' the new road from existing way of printing and typography, its basic trend of symmetry format of less effective utilization of space, to new typography which was created by Jan Tschichold, being acknowledged by its functional asymmetry. It remind us the importance of futurist's influence, given to the modern typography with its changeable editorial design system. Still, these influences enable us to assume the way of future trend. Thirdly, we have many visible influences lies in typical character of modern typography, which were inherited and been developed from futurism. Such as, destruction and deformation and mixture of letters, planned lay-out based on the mixture between type and graphic elements like a mark, sign, line, photos, illustration etc. Also, synergy effect of communication through the dynamic allocation of visual information will be added. Obvious similarity between modern typography, mainly being developed in electronic editing era through computer and futurism of 100 years ago, really can awake the present visual typographers through their outstanding sprit of challenge with frontier spirit and foresight.

大學生들의 國外留學에 關한 意識 調査硏究

金鍾石,李秉承 충남대학교 학생생활연구소 1985 學生生活硏究 Vol.13 No.-

치아종에 대한 증례보고

백병주,김재곤,주훈,양정숙 大韓小兒齒科學會 1995 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.22 No.2

Odontomas are most common benign odontogenic tumors, and have been defined as "mixed odontogenic tumor composed of epithelial and mesenchymal cells". Many authors are considered to be malformations rather than neoplasm. The etiology of odontoma is uncertain but hypothesized to involve local trauma, infection, inheritance or mutant gene interference with genetic control of tooth development. The recent classification by WHO divides odontoma into 2 groups such as complex odontoma and compound odontoma. Odontomas are usually asymptomatic and are usually discovered on routin dental radiographs. The most frequently encountered symptoms are impacted tooth and swelling. Radiographically, it appears as an irregular mass of calcified material surrounded by a radiolucent band. The possibility of an ameloblastic odontoma must be kept in mind during the differential diagnosis. Surgical excision and histopathological examination of the lesions is recommended. Following removal of the odontoma closing the incision and allowing the tooth to erupt spontaneously was considered. Hitchin suggested that spontaneous eruption may not occur if the root of the impacted tooth is completed. Failure to erupt would require a 2nd surgical exposure to place an orthodontic attachment. This report presents the result in treating patients, whose chief complaint was delayed eruption of teeth due to odontoma.

Low-viscosity Resin System이 복합레진 수복물의 변연누출에 미치는 영향

백병주,김재곤,허선,김문현,양정숙 大韓小兒齒科學會 1997 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.24 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of various low-viscosty resin systems used as rebonding agents to prevent microleakage at the margins of class I composite resin restorations. Seventy sound human premolars were selected for experiment. Class I cavities were prepared and each cavity was conditioned with a 37% phosphoric acid for 15 sec, rinsed with water for 15 sec, and dried with compressed air. Bonding agent(Scotchbond Multipurpose, 3M Co.) was applied and a hybrid composite resin(Z-100, 3M Co.) was placed using an incremental technic. The excess cured composite resin was carefully removed with Sof-Lex discs(3M Co.) to expose the original margins of the cavity. The following seven groups were established: group 1 was not rebonded and used ascontrol group; group 2 was rebonded with a Scotchbond Multipurpose(3M Co.) and finished ; group 3 was rebonded with a Fortify(BISCO) AND finished ; group 4 was rebonded with a Concise white sealant(3M Co.) and finished ; group 5 was rebonded with a Concise white sealant(3M Co.) and not finished ; group 6 was rebonded with a P&F sealant(BISCO) AND finished ; group 7 was rebonded with a P&F sealant(BISCO) and not finished. The specimens were then subjected to 500 thermocycles between 5 & 65 with a 10sec dwell time and immersed in 2% methylene blue dye solution for 24 hours and sectioned with low-speed diamond cutter into two part under water condition. The extent of microleakage at rebonded margins was evaluated microscopically and scored for dye penetration according to the following scale : 0=no dye penetration ; 1=dye penetration to half-way along axial wall between enamel surface and DEJ ; 2=dye penetration beyond halfway along axial wal between enamel surface and DEJ ; 3=dye penetration to the full depth of DEJ or beyond DEJ. Selected samples were prepared for SEM observation to determine the depth of penetration of the rebonding agent into the marginal interface. The obtained results were as follow : 1. In the group 2 and 3, which is rebonded with a Scotchbond Multipurpose and Fortify, dye penetration score were decreased significantly than that of group 1(P<0.05), but group 4 and 6 were not statistically different from group 1(P>0.05). 2. There were significant differences between group 4, 6 and group 5, 7 when compared by dye penetration score(P<0.05). 3. In the SEM observation, Scotchbond Multipurpose and Fortify were penetrated within 30-40㎛ depth of the outermost surface. However, both sealants were failed to penetrate into the debonded interface.

[논문]보육실습에서 프로젝트접근법에 대한 예비보육교사의 관심수준 변화 연구

유병민,박수홍,강문숙,박철수,정경훈 교육혁신학술위원회 2011 교육혁신연구 Vol.21 No.1

본 연구는 예비보육교사가 보육실습이라는 과정에서 프로젝트 접근법에 대한 관심은 어떠하며, 관심변화 여부를 사례중심으로 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위하여 예비보육교사를 대상으로 보육실습 사전과 사후검사를 실시하였으며, 자세하고 구체적인 사실과 연구의 질적인 부분을 찾아보고자 인터뷰하였다. 그 결과, 첫째, 프로젝트에 대한 예비보육교사들의 관심은 전반적으로 무관심으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사전․사후검사 결과, 프로젝트 접근법에 대한 관심수준의 변화가 있었던 사례에서는 관심변화의 패턴도 다양하게 나타났으며, 관심변화가 크게 없었던 사례에서는 개인, 정보관심이 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 프로젝트에 대한 예비보육교사의 관심수준은 보육환경, 보육과정, 실습지도 교사, 예비보육교사의 지각력, 프로젝트에 대한 사전지식이나 교육정도에 따라 다양하게 변할 수 있음을 알게 되었다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the case in which we can identify how the SoC of prospective child care teachers about the project approach changes and why these change appears during the child care practice when we assumpt that for prospective child care teachers to implement the project approach is that they participate in change during child care practice. In Case K, the SoC of the prospective child care teacher moves from Stage 0 awareness to Stage 2, Stage 3, Stage 4, and In Case M, the SoC moves from Stage 0 to Stage 1. In Case P, the SoC moves from Stage 1 to Stage 2, Stage 3, and in Case S, the SoC isn't changed. Above this, we identify the SoC of prospective child care teachers. Case K, M, and P changes SoC after child care practice, but Case S doesn't change. the reason why there is a difference is the mindset of prospective child care teachers. Anyone who wants to accomplish specific purposes can deal with diverse changes with flexibility, but others can easily have an effect on the changes. We suggest that instructor in organization for prospective child care teachers’ education need to have a class for prospective child care teachers to put theory into practice, give direct facilitation and intervention in the field to prospective child care teachers, make a learning environment for prospective child care teachers to make good use of teaching materials and instrument, develop guidebook for project approach and give support to prospective child care teachers.

화학방사선 요법이 치아발육에 미치는 영향에 관한 증례보고

백병주,양정숙,김영신,김재곤,이성영 大韓小兒齒科學會 1999 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.26 No.2

하악 좌측부위의 횡문근육종으로 2년동안의 화학요법과 6주간의 방사선요법으로 치료를 받았고, 이에 따른 후유증으로 치아의 발육장애를 동반한 8세 환아에 대해, 임상적, 방사선학적으로 관찰을 시행하고, 치료한 결과 다음을 보고하는 바이다. 1. 구강내 소견으로서 맹출한 영구치의 경미한 법랑질 형성부전과 치아우식이 관찰되었으며, 하악 좌측부위의 미맹출된 제 1 대구치로 인해 수직고경이 상실되어 과개교합이 형성되었다. 2. 방사선학적으로 맹출한 영구치의 치근은 짧은 치근에서부터 무형성증에 이르기까지 다양한 치근으 발육장애를 보였으며, 미맹출 상태인 제 2 소구치와 제 2 대구치는 왜소치나 형성부전의 소견을 보였다. 3. 치료는 보존치료 및 저석회화 소견을 보이는 영구치를 위해 불소도포를 시행하였고, 향후 적절한 수직고경의 회복과 심미적 개선을 위한 포괄적인 보철치료가 수행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. Chemoradiation therapy used on pediatric oncology patients often causes dental developmental anomalies that affect future dental care. Defects noted include tooth and root agenesis, root thining and shortening, and localized enamel defects. The effect of radiotherapy usually are confined to the radiation site, but the effects of chemotherapy may be more wide spread because of its systemic distribution and structures and organs unrelated to the primary tumor may be affected. Many pediatric cancers are treated with a combination of radiation and multiagent chemotherapy to create synergic and additive effects. Dental treatment affected by chemoradiation damage to developing teeth includes orthodontic tooth movement, prosthetic abutment considerations, periodontal health, space maintenance, requirements for home fluoride regimens to protect hypomineralized areas, restoration options for hypoplastic/hypomineralized teeth, and endodonitc procedures. The following case demonstrate chemoradiation therapy effects on the dental development.

Flowable 및 microfill 복합레진으로 충전된 제 5급와동에서 load cycling 전,후의 미세변연누출 비교

강석호,김오영,오명환,조병훈,엄정문,권혁춘,손호현 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.2

Low-viscosity composite resins may produce better sealed margins than stiffer compositions (KempScholte and Davidson, 1988; Crim, 1989). Flowable composites have been recommended for use in Class V cavities but it is also controversial because of its high rates of shrinkage. On the other hand, in the study comparing elastic moduli and leakage, the microfil had the least leakage (Rundle et al. 1997). Furthermore, in the 1996 survey of the Reality Editorial Team, microfills were the clear choice for abfraction lesions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of 6 composite resins (2 hybrids, 2 microfills, and 2 flowable composites) with and without load cycling. Notch-shaped Class V cavities were prepared on buccal surface of 180 extracted human upper premolars on cementum margin. The teeth were randomly divided into non-load cycling group (group 1) and load cycling group(group 2) of 90 teeth each. The experimental teeth of each group were randomly divided into 6 subgroups of 15 samples. All preparations were etched, and Single bond was applied. Preparations were restored with the following materials (n=15) : hybrid composite resin [Z250(3M Dental Products Inc. St.Paul, USA), Denfil(Vericom, Ahnyang, Korea)], microfil [Heliomolar RO(Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Micronew(Bisco Inc. Schaumburg, IL, USA)], and flowable composite[AeliteFlo(Bisco Inc. Schaumburg, IL, USA), Revolution(Kerr Corp. Orange, CA, USA)]. Teeth of group 2 were subjected to occlusal load (100N for 50,000 cycles) using chewing simulator(MTS 858 Mini Bionix Ⅱ system, MTS Systems Corp., Minn, USA). All samples were coated with nail polish 1mm short of the restoration, placed in 2% methylene blue for 24 hours, and sectioned with a diamond wheel. Enamel and dentin/cementum margins were analyzed for microleakage on a sclale of 0 (no leakage) to 3 (3/3 of wall). Results were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis One way analysis, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Student-Newmann-Keuls method. (p=0.05) Results: 1. There was significantly less microleage in enamel margins than dentinal margins of all groups. (p<0.05) 2. There was no significant difference between six composite resin in enamel margin of group 1. 3. In dentin margin of group 1, flowable composite had more microleakage than others but not of significant differences. 4. There was no significant difference between six composite resin in enamel margin of group 2. 5. In dentin margin of group 2, the microleakage were R>A=H=M>D>Z. But there was no significant differences. 6. In enamel margins, load cycling did not affect the marginal microleakage in significant degree. 7. In dentin margins, load cycling did affect the marginal microleakage only in Revolution. (p<0.05)

일측 하퇴 의족 착용자의 절단단 길이에 따른 보행특성

조병모,변주남,김기순,김석산,박종 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 1999 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.24 No.1

This report studied 31 male patients who were in one hospital in Kwangju or came to a prosthesis clinic and are 15 normal control group to analyze the gait characteristics according to the stump length in the prosthesis users with the unilateral below-knee amputations. The patient group was divided into a short stump subgroup of 13 patients and a long stump subgroup of 18 patients according to the stump length, the control group was randomly sampled from 15 males who have similar age, height and weight to the experimental group. The results of analysis are summarized as follows. 1. There were no significant statistical differences of the general characteristics between patient and control groups and there was no difference of characteristics by patient groups except the mean gait distance a day. 2. Of 33 patients with amputation, 18 patients (57.8%) had phantom pain and 25 cases (80.6%) had neuroma. 3. Gait velocity, stride length of the affected side, step length of the sound side and base support among gait characteristics show a significant difference according to the stump length in the state excluding the effects of other factors (p<05) and the group with long stump showed closer gait characteristics to normal persons than those with short stumps. In conclusion, among the patients of unilateral below-knee amputations, the stump length affects the gait characteristics such as gait velocity, stride length, step and base of support and it is found that as the stump length gets longer, it shows the similar characteristics to gait characteristics of normal persons and long unilateral below-knee amputation can secure better gait characteristics.

진화 프로그램을 이용한 강의시간표 작성에 관한 연구

박유석,김병재 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1995 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.14 No.-

Evolution Programs, a form of Genetic Algorithms transformed from chromosome representation, are applied to the Timetabling of university which is one of the NP-hard problems. At the step of algorithms application, each class is established to be a specific category in feasible solution space. At the same time, the exiting gene used in chromosome expression of Evolution Programs is modified to satisfy constraints effectively by transformation of gene which has multi-information. The new crossover method for fester operation in the Recombination are attempted. Roulette wheel selection and tournament selection are prepared.

라미부딘 내성 만성 B형 간염 환자에서의 아데포비어의 치료 효과

이지숙,장리라,이상욱,한병훈,윤병철 고신대학교의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.2

Backgrounds/Aims : Adefovir dipivoxil(ADV) has been shown to be effective against lamivudine resistant strain of hepatitis B virus. But continuation of lamivudine therapy or switching to Adefovir dipivoxil in patients with viral breakthrough after long term lamivudine therapy are controversial. To find efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil, we retrospectively assessed clinical course after lamivudine resistance in patients who changed adefovir dipivoxil and continued lamivudine therapy. Methods : 58 patients with lamivudine resistant HBV mutants after at least 6 months of lamivudine treatment were included in this study. 24 of the 58 patients were treated with ADV and rest of them were continued the lamivudine therapy after lamivudine resistance. The continuous lamivudine treatment group (n=34) was divided into two groups according to ALT count (ALT≧40, n=19 vs ALT<40, n=16) The clinical course and the biochemical and virological response of the switching adefovir group were compared with those of continuing lamivudine group. HBV genotypes and YMDD mutation site was anaylzed by TRUGENE HBV Genotyping. Results : At twelve months, the levels of median serum HBV DNA and ALT was decreased and albumin was improved significantly(P<0.01) in adefovir switching group compared with lamivudine sustained group, especially ALT was elevated more than 40. There is no significant differences between adefovir switching group and lamivudine sustained group (ALT<40, n=15). This study showed that adefovir dipivoxil reduces HBV replication and improves not only biochemical markers of disease activity, but also liver function. HBV genotypes of 58 patients were all C and rtM204I/V mutant was the most common. Conclusion : This study provides an evidence that adefovir dipivoxil can be effective in the treatment of lamivudine-resistant HBV mutants, especially ALT elevated.