交通機能의 變化가 地域發展에 미치는 影響 : 淸州地域을 中心으로

都秉權 淸州敎育大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

골다공증의 진단시 파노라마 방사선사진 유용성에 대한 연구

이병도,이상래 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2001 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.31 No.2

Purpose : To assess the possibility of using panoramic indices as an indicator of jaw osteoporosis. Methods : Mandibular cortical width(MCW), degree of mandibular alveolar bone resorption(ABR) and morphology of mandibular infeprior cortex(MIC) on panoramic radiograph were used as panoramic indices. These panoramic indices were compared with bone mineral density(BMD) of lumbar(L1-L4) and femoral neck measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. We also compared MCW and ABR of young men with those of postmenopausal women. Results : There was a significant correlation between ABR and BMD of lumbar and femoral neck. And also significant correlation between MIC and BMD of lumbar and femoral neck. ANOVA test of BMD of lumbar and femoral neck showed significant differences according to morphologic classification of inferior cortex. There was significant difference in MCW and ABR between young men and postmenopausal women. Conclusion : Our results suggested that ABR and MIC on panoramic radiograph could be reliable in screening of osteoporosis.(Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol 2001;31:67-71)

資本自由化와 韓國證券市場의 課題

李正道,孫炳海,申敏植 慶北大學校 經濟經營硏究所 1986 經濟經營硏究 Vol.2 No.-

Korea now stands on the verge of capital liberalization in line with its open door economic policy. On January 14, 1981, the korean government announced a long-term plan concerning the liberalization of the capital market with emphasis on an open securities market. The liberalization of the securities market will be phased-in as follows; (1) allowing the establishment of international investment trusts to invest in listed korean securities and permitting the opening of branch offices of foreign securities firms in korea by 1984, (2) permitting foreign investors to directly invest in korean securities on a limited basis, around 1985, (3) permitting foreigners to invest in koran securities without any limitations and allowing the issuance of domestic securities in oversea markets by the late 1980s (4) permitting korean securities to be listed on foreign stock exchanges and allowing capital outflow by the early 1990s. In 1981, two open-end on-shore investment trusts; namely, "Korea Trust" and "Korea International Trust", were privately placed in the european market. In 1984, following these two international trusts of $50 million total, the $60 million Korea Fund, third round of three more international issues of korea-managed trusts(KGT, SIT and ST) totalling $90 million were completed. All six of these indirect vehicles have brought into korea $200 million of foreign capital. In the second stage, korean leading companies have launched oversea offerings of convertible bonds to further proceed with the market's liberalization. Sam Sung Electronics, Co., Dae Woo Heavy Ind. Co., and Yu Kong Ltd. Co., issued convertible bonds of $80 million total. The next step in the internationalization process following convertible issues or depositary receipts is limited direct access by foreign investors to the korean stock market. This is expected to occur sometime between 1987 and 1988. Our government contemplates that the last step in the market's liberalization; that is, the outflow of korean capital into foreign securities investments will take place after 1990 with the assumption that economic targets have been met, and more importantly, that the country has a current account surplus in its balance of payments. In connection with this, it is important for us to be better prepared for the upcoming internationalization of the korean capital market. First of all, the government must take measures to foster the functions of the korean capital market in both the primary and secondary markets. Secondly, the korean securities companies must be able to provide a wide range of financial services to its domestic and oversea clients.

골다공증에 따른 치조골 방사선사진농도와 하악하연두께의 변화에 대한 연구

이병도 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2000 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.30 No.4

Purpose : To evaluate the effect of the systemic osteoporosis on radiographic density of alveolar bone and cortical thickness of mandible. Materials and Methods : The bone mineral density values of lumbar and femur were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and T scores of lumbar, femur were obtained respectively. Radiographic densities of alveolar bones and panorama mandibular index (PMI, represents as cortical thickness) were analysed statistically according to age and T score variables. Results : The radiographic density of alveolar bone of maxillary molar showed significant difference by age and femur T group. That of mandibular molar showed significant difference between femur T group. Panorama mandibular index showed significant difference between age groups. Conclusion : The radiographic density of alvealar bones was more dependent on age and femur T than lumbar T. Cortical thickness of mandible was correlated with increasing age. (Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol 2000; 30: 235-242)

國際法에 의한 環境의 保護 : 廣域越境大氣汚染의 規制를 중심으로

朴炳度 건국대학교 1994 대학원 학술논문집 Vol.38 No.-

Air Pollution is a regular feature fo industrialization. Air pollution is not merely a problem fo densely populated urban centres with heavy traffic: rather it is felt everywhere. It damages human health, destroys ecosystem and habitats, ruins cultural heritage, and is feared, now, to change the global climate. Damages resulting from air pollution are often difficult to attribute to particular sources. And, most inportant, air pollution is an international porblem which has to be solved by intermational co-operation. In many cases pollutants are crossing the frontiers of several States making it difficult or even impossible to identify of origin. There may be cases in which the pollutants cross boundaies and then react with other pollutants, thus creating a new source of pollutants. If we want to solve the problems of air pollution, if we want to stop the damaging effects which it had in the past and to prevent it for the future, the only reasonable approach to be used is multilateral one. All States of a region must co-operate to indentify and agree on the necessary measures, This multilateral co-operation of States has to take into consideration the particular situation of the countries, and this situation may also be different with regard to the various pollutants. In this article I look briefly into how States have reacted to this difficult problem. 1 address the question of whether and how genera/customary international law can contribute to a solution. The rules of customary international law are, in principle, applicable to the problems fo air pollution, and they are useful to a certain extent, However, there are no criteria which could ditermine and specify the obligation fo given States. The use of the customary international law for the solution of technically complex regional and global problems is limited. None the less, we should not ignore the rules of customary international law. Even if they do not give answers to all substantive issues - who has to reduce air pollution to what extent, by what time - they may be seen as the basis for an obligation of all States to negotiate the necessary agreements providing for thd measures which States have to thake to control, reduce, and prevent air pollution. States have an obligation to negotiate in good flith, in a co-operative spirit, with the intent to achieve a result in due course of time.

開放化 地方化에 따른 慶北農業의 位相과 發展方向

金炳道 嶺南大學校附設 社會科學硏究所 1991 社會科學硏究 Vol.11 No.2

광범위하게 진행된 다발성 섬유성이형성증

이병도,황의환,이상래 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2000 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.30 No.2

Fibrous dysplasia is a benign disorder of bone consisting of intramedullary proliferation of fibrous tissue and irregularly distributed, poorly developed bone. The disease manifests itself in the monostotic form in which only one bone is involved and the polyostotic form in which multiple bones at different sites are affected. We reported a extensive case of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia with involvement of craniofacial bones, mandible, ribs and extremities. A 18-year-old man showed remarkable right facial swelling who had been treated on right femur 3 years ago with a bone graft for pathologic fracture and he recognized facial swelling 5 years ago. Extraoral radiograms and computed tomogram showed diffuse sclerosis with a ground glass appearance of the most cranial bones, facial bones, The right mandibular lesion showed very expansive lesion with mottled appearance. Bone scans showed mutifocal increased uptakes in craniofacial bones, right mandible, bilaterally in ribs, humerus, femur, tibia and characteristic varus deformity of right femur (shepherd's crook defomity). This case showed exceptionally bilateral, extensive nature of bone lesion and didn't show any features of skin pigmentation and endocrine disturbances.(Korean J Oral maxillofac Radiol 2000 ; 30 : 117-122)

溫經湯에 關한 文獻的 考察

김연도,김철원,유심근,박병렬 한국한의학연구원 1996 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.2 No.1

Through the study of successive literatures form the Han-dynasty(漢代) when 《Keumjweyeuliak(금궤요략)》 was written to modern age, we inspected many types of Onkyungtang(溫經湯) and prescriptions including the term of ' Onkyung(溫經)' or Chokyung(調經)', and look into their composition and symptoms respond to administration of this medicine. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The medicine which makes up Onkyungtang was 38 kinds from the Han-dynasty to the Chung-dynasty(淸代), and up to the present it summed into 43 kinds. 2. Onkyungtang which was composed of different kinds of medicine was 10 types from the Han-dynasty to the Chung-dynasty and added 11 types in modern days. Therefore it sumed up into 21 types. 3. No Onkyungtang is seen more common than that of the same composition as in 《Keumjweyeuliak》 in successive literature. The next is the same constituents as in 《Buinyangbangdaejeon(婦人良方大全)》. Others were rare. 4. Onkyungtang in《Keumjweyeuliak》was used to treat cold syndrome of the penetration and conception vessles or uterus of deficiency type and that in 《Buinyangbangdaejeun》was for cold syndrome of the penetration and conception vessels or uterus of excess type. 5. Other names of Onkyungtang in《Keumjweyeuliak》were Daeonkyungtang(大溫經湯), Chokyungsan(調經散), Chokyungtang(調經湯), Chunkeumchokyungtang(千金調經湯), Chunkeumchokyungsan(千金調經散) and Soonkyungtang(小溫經湯). And the prescription in the same constitution was also called Chungkyungonkyungtang(仲景溫經湯), Keumkweonkyungtang(금궤온경탕) and Sibbionkunghwan(十二溫經丸). 6. Onkyungtang in 《Buinyangbangdaejeon》was called Soonkyungtang(小溫經湯) and the very prescription was also called in the name of Yangbangonkyungtang(良方溫經湯), Jinmionkyungtang(指迷溫經湯), Kungkwiinkyungtang and Jinssionkyungtang(陳氏溫經湯).

美國判例를 통해 본 國家行爲理論의 形成과 展開

朴炳度 건국대학교 1993 대학원 학술논문집 Vol.36 No.-

The Act of State Doctrine is that the court of one country exercise self-restraint judgment of on the law established by another state and the public acts of another government done within its own territory. This doctrine has been applied in the United States primarily in the context of foreign expropriations in which a governmental act is alleged to have violated the applicable norms of international law. As originally formulated in Underhill v. Hernadez Case(186 u.s. 250 (1987)), the doctrine provided that "the courts in one country will not sit in judgment on the acts of another done within its own territory." This essentially based conception of state sovereignty and jurisdiction was restricted to circumstances involving property situated in the expropriating State's territory. The exeption to the Act of State Doctrine created by the Hickenlooper Amendment. This exception of Act of State Doctrine is derived from the so-called "Bernstein exeption" (Bernstein v. Van Heyghen Freres, 163F. 2d 246 (1947))/

環境汚染에 대한 國家責任과 節次的 義務

朴炳度 건국대학교 1994 대학원 학술논문집 Vol.39 No.-

Pollution respects no jurisdictional boundaries. Air and water carry dangerous substances from one nation to another. Such transboundary pollution can arise from a single accident in one state that harms the environment of other states of from a continuous emission of substances that affects the environment of other states. Faced with pollution that knows no borders, legal analysts have resorted to principles of international law to develop a comprehensive framwork of environmental protection. International legal analysts have developed the doctrine of state responsibility to attribute activities of private citizens to state. They have sought to develop an international liability scheme to regulate transbounday pollution and have codified rules of customary international law to clarify the legal duty upon states to prevent serious transnational environmental harm. This article analyzes legal experts' continuing reliances on international custom as a source of rules for assigning state liability in instance of transboundary pollution. The codification of international custom for rules governing state conduct necessarily falters on an irreconcilable tension: the obligations are too vague to impose meaningful restrictions on behavior, the duties risk positing norms too idealized to obtain the consent of states necessary to an international environmental regime. Therefore, efforts to develop an effective international liability scheme have failed. The modern response to such failure has been the codification of procedural duties, such as duty to assess and duty to disclose, in treaties and international charters. This stategy, however, replaces substantive norms against transbounday pollution with procedural obligations that require no curtailment of environmental harm. Thus, customary international law remains at the periphery of any regime designed to control extraterritorial pollution.