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Artistic voice: Psychological dimensions of film artistry
Burnett, Dayna Sheryl The University of Texas at Austin 2007 해외박사(DDOD)
Historical discourses created an artificial separation between artistic and scientific ways of knowing. This hermeneutic interpretive study explored the experiential wisdom of ten film artists and the development of artistic voice, the integration of artistic and scientific ways of knowing. Artistic voice was defined from a metaphoric framework. In addition, a theoretical model of artistic voice was created reflecting basic assumptions within complexity science and metaphoric structures found in our language system. The study examined the emergent process---the dynamic relationship between the desire to create, personal wisdom gained through life experience and the act of creating, along with expertise in the language system of the artist's craft. Ability to engage in in-themoment expression reflected a state of aesthetic consciousness.
Formation of metal silicide and metal germanosilicide contacts to silicon germanium alloys
Burnette, James E., Jr North Carolina State University 2004 해외박사(DDOD)
The goals of this research were to study the phase stability and formation of Ti-Si1-xGex and Co-Si1-xGe x thin film reactions. The Ti-Si1-xGex and Co-Si1-xGex solid phase reactions result in the formation of precipitates within the grain boundaries of the films thus formed. The precipitates are either Ge or a Si-Ge compound, depending on the type of metal used in the reaction. The formation of Ti(Si1-yGey)2 thin films on Si1-xGex has been examined. It has been found that the generation of Ge-rich Si-Ge precipitates which form in the Ti-Si1-xGex solid phase reaction could be reduced or eliminated by the insertion of an amorphous Si layer before the metallization step. A Gibbs free energy model, which was parameterized in terms of Ge concentration by atomic percentage was used to determine stability between the Ti(Si1-yGey)2 layer and the Si1-xGex substrate. The films in this study were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) to investigate phase formation, stability, and the composition of the Ti(Si1-yGey) 2 layer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the surface morphology and phase stability. It was found that amorphous Si layers of a certain thickness could prevent precipitate formation, depending on the composition of the underlying Si1-xGex layer. The formation of CoSi2 on Si1-xGex was also examined. The solid phase reaction of Co and Si1-xGe x results in the formation of a poly-crystalline CoSi2 layer, and the occurrence of a Ge precipitate. The TIME (Titanium Interlayer Mediated Epitaxy) process has been used in the formation of epitaxial CoSi2 on Si (100). A Ti layer of varying thicknesses, which serves as a barrier to retard the diffusion of Co atoms was deposited on a c-Si/Si1-x Gex substrate pseudomorphically strained to Si (100), before the final Co metallization step. The films in this study were characterized using x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) to determine the short-range crystalline order, XRD to determine phase formation and long-range crystalline order, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) to determine surface chemistry, and SEM to determine the surface morphology. This work shows that the formation of epitaxial CoSi2 on Si1-xGex can be achieved, depending on the thickness of the diffusion barrier. In addition, the optimal diffusion barrier thickness has been determined for the Co layer thickness used in these studies.
Burnett, Colin The University of Wisconsin - Madison 2011 해외박사(DDOD)
This dissertation examines the role of taste culture in the development of the style and reputation of the French auteur, Robert Bresson (1901--1999). Although Bresson's films are his alone, influential members of the cultural press played a valuable role in sponsoring Bresson's cinema and firming up the skills and attitudes that Bresson drew upon as he refined his personal style. Several cinephilic discourses promoted specific ways of viewing and evaluating films, and facilitated "the invention of Robert Bresson"---his reputation as a filmmaker "apart" and his inventive process. Among these are discourses that define a new postwar French "avant-garde" in the alternative exhibition circuit and a risky "quality" cinema worthy of subsidy. The concepts of a narrative "avant-garde" and of "quality" inflected three additional aspects of taste that provided Bresson with raw materials for artistic problem-solving and self-differentiation in the marketplace: fidelity in literary adaptation. realism and cinematic rhythm. This dissertation explores the implied reciprocal relation Bresson entered into with cinephiles like Andre Bazin, Jacques Doniol-Valcroze, Roger Leenhardt and others. Following an approach developed by the art historian Michael Baxandall, I argue that Bresson engaged these cinephiles in a barter of mental goods. His cinema created pleasurable experiences that, as my analysis of the paradigmatic interests of the period shows, cinephiles were primed to receive. A number of prominent tastemakers from the postwar era reciprocated, "compensating" Bresson with various forms of praise, with writing that contextualized and explicated his artistic commitments and works and with opportunities in the marketplace. This study makes three contributions. First, while Bresson commentators often assume that he was a sui generis artist who expressed his unique personal vision through the medium of cinema, I locate the origins of this assumption in postwar taste and Bresson's operation within this context. Second, in order to locate the origins of this style and reputation, I reconstruct the paradigmatic interests of the cinephilic marketplace. Finally, this study proposes a model, based on Baxandall's approach, for examining authorial styles and reputations as grounded in a social relation within the cultural marketplace: the subtle reciprocity of auteur-minded directors and cinephiles.
Overlooked treasures: Identifying Latina immigrant mothers' desire to educate their children
Burnett, Christal Gooding Teachers College, Columbia University 2008 해외박사(DDOD)
Raising the academic achievement of all students nationwide is a top priority for educational reformers. Particular attention is being given to identifying the factors contributing to the consistent under achievement of Latino/a school children. Latino/a parents have received negative attention and blame for their children's low academic success and for not being involved in their children's education. In fact, it has been charged that this population needs a "total attitude adjustment regarding the importance of education" (Badillo, 2006, p.31). It is the idea of many in power that to fix the parents is to fix the problems that Latinos/as face in education today. This dissertation argues that this is not true. This research takes a critical approach in answering the question: How do Latina immigrant mothers with a limited formal education educate their children? Eighteen Mexican immigrant mothers living in Houston, Texas with children between the ages of 5-16 years old were interviewed about the beliefs, messages, and actions that they incorporate in their homes to educate their children. The interviews were conducted in Spanish and occurred in home, school, and community settings. An emic viewpoint was used to analyze the information provided by the mothers. The data show that these Mexican mothers not only value education, but are very involved in educating their children. In fact, the mothers are instrumental in many aspects of their children's educacion (education), including: social, cultural, physical, mental, spiritual, and academic education. The results of this research imply that if we are to provide an equitable education for Latino/a school children there must be changes in the way that we approach Latino/a parents and educate Latino/a children. Firstly, we must build a collaborative participation between families and schools where both parents and schools are recognized as holding knowledge. Secondly, we must examine our school system and ourselves as educators to begin to eradicate attitudes and policies which devalue and overlook positive characteristics that Latino/a children bring from their families to school.
Burnett, Glenda Morris University of Illinois at Chicago, Health Sciences 2006 해외박사(DDOD)
Describing African American middle adolescent girls' perceptions of their social interactions and relationships with boyfriends provides insights into the roles of these relationships and the lessons the girls report learning from their experiences. This qualitative study combines components of Africana, Bronfenbrenner's ecosystems and Gilligan's adolescent woman developmental model as contextual frameworks to describe the girls' experiences. Tape recorded interviews were conducted with 12 African American middle adolescent girls 14-16 years of age. Sandelowski's qualitative descriptive research method guided the analysis of the interviews. Summaries were created using descriptors guided by the research areas and the interview guide. The summaries were examined for relationships within each interview, across the girls within their age groups, and across all the girls' interviews. Participants reviewed a summary of all the girls' experiences for its accuracy in reflecting their experiences. Faculty and an advanced practice nurse that have expertise with adolescent girls reviewed the transcribed interviews using the descriptors to explore relationships. The findings show that girlfriends introduce the girls to their boyfriends. Feeling connected to the boyfriend facilitates sharing thoughts and feelings with him. Parents provide information on boyfriend relationships, while girlfriends offer support throughout the relationship. The type of information provided differed between mothers and fathers. Mothers teach about the consequences of behaviors, and fathers monitor the boyfriends' behavior towards him and his daughter. The shared experiences of girlfriends provide a support network for girls to validate their experience. The participants seek advice about boyfriend relationships and receive corroboration on their decisions from girlfriends. The lessons learned reflect the amount of experience with boyfriend relationships and age of the girls. The early middle adolescent girls learn to choose suitable boyfriends. The intermediate middle adolescent girls learn to articulate what they want from a boyfriend relationship. The late middle adolescent girls learn negotiating skills, express what they want in a relationship and what compromises they are willing to make. These findings have implications for parents, health professionals and teachers working with middle adolescent girls.
Burnett, Rosemary J Universiteit Antwerpen (Belgium) 2011 해외박사(DDOD)
Background and aim: Hepatitis B (FIB) virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) share transmission routes, and cause major public health problems in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examined the impact of HIV on the epidemiology of HBV, and investigated FIB vaccination status and HBV serological markers amongst healthcare workers (HCWs). Methodology: HBV serological and DNA assays were conducted on HIV-positive and negative sera of 1420 pregnant women, 303 babies aged 5-24 months, and 295 hospitalised patients, and 192 sera of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. HCWs were surveyed on HB vaccination status and demographics (n=725) and HBV serological status was determined (n=113). Results: (a) HBV exposure (the presence of one or more serological marker) was increased in HIV-positive pregnant women; chronic carriage (HBsAg positives) and active HBV infections (HBV DNA positives) were not increased. (b) Most HIV-positive and HIV-negative healthy babies were protected against HBV (anti-HBs positive). Less HIV-positive sick babies were protected than HIV-negatives. (c) Occult HBV (presence of HBV DNA in the absence of HBsAg) infections were increased in HIV-positive hospitalised patients. More HIV-positives had HBV DNA in the presence of anti-HBs, and had HBV DNA and anti-HBc (the marker for natural infection) in the absence of other serological markers. (d) The prevalence of HBV exposure, active HBV infection, and occult HBV infection in AIDS patients, was high. (e) The majority of HCWs had received at least one dose of HB vaccine, but few were fully vaccinated. Predictors of vaccination uptake were being a doctor and working in the private sector. (f) Under half of HCWs were protected against HBV through vaccination. Conclusion: Increased prevalence of HBV co-infection in HIV-positives correlates with the degree of HIV progression to AIDS, with studies on healthy HIV-infected individuals reporting much lower increases, than studies on hospitalised HIV-positives and AIDS patients. The stage of HIV progression to AIDS also determines reduced persistence of anti-HBs and anti-HBc, and increased HBV chronic carriage (including increased occult HB), transmission, and infectivity. There is sub-optimal uptake of the HB vaccine in HCWs resulting in many being at risk for occupational HBV infection.
Information and control in file system buffer management
Burnett, Nathan Christopher The University of Wisconsin - Madison 2006 해외박사(DDOD)
By implementing file system caching within the operating system, applications are required to cede to the OS a degree of control over memory utilization and IO scheduling. This dissertation explores ways in which applications can rediscover information hidden by the file system buffer cache and reclaim some of the control ceded to it. We find that this can be achieved without a wholesale redesign of either the operating systems or applications concerned. We present Dust a tool to automatically determine the buffer cache replacement policy of an operating system. We describe a cache-aware web server. Using the information gained through Dust, our cache-aware web server is able to infer the contents of the buffer cache. It uses this information to schedule web connections on an in-cache-first basis, improving throughput and response time. Implicit information can be imprecise. To address this limitation, we modify Linux and NetBSD to expose a list of pages which are about to be evicted. This explicit information is always accurate. We present InfoReplace, a user library which observes that list and touches pages that should remain cached, allowing applications to transform the kernel policy into one of the application's choice. Some applications, such as those that use write-ahead logging, require control over the order in which data is written to disk. We propose two new interfaces by which applications can express write ordering constraints to the operating system. File system barriers introduce the barrier( ) system call. The operating system guarantees that no write operations will be reordered across a barrier. Asynchronous graphs allows applications to specify ordering constraints on a per-write-operation basis. Both would be difficult to implement with only information.