Neurobiological Factors Associated with Suicidal Behavior

BunHee Lee,YongKu Kim 대한신경정신의학회 2006 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.3 No.2

Suicide is a major public health issue and a significant cause of death worldwide. Many animal, postmortem, clinical, and genetic studies have produced results implicating at least 3 neurobiological systems in the pathogenesis of suicidal behavior: a deficiency in the serotonergic system, hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and excess of norepinephrine release followed by norepinephrine deficiency. In addition, several studies have pointed to the involvement of the dopaminergic system, neurotrophic factors, cholesterol, and cytokines in the pathogenesis of suicidal behavior. However, more research will be required in order to confirm these associations. In the future, a greater understanding of suicidal behavior and its neurobiology may facilitate the detection of at-risk individuals, and contribute to the development of more effective interventions.

Resolution of Amisulpride associated Amenorrhea by Switching to Aripiprazole

BunHee Lee,YongKu Kim 대한신경정신의학회 2006 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.3 No.1

Objective: To report a 4-case series in which amisulpride-induced symptomatic hyperprolactinemia was resolved by switching to aripiprazole. Case Reports: Four female patients developed symptomatic hyperprolactinemia such as amenorrhea and/or galactorrhea with elevated serum prolactin levels (113.7 230.0 ng/mL) after taking amisulpride (200-800 mg/day). To resolve the problem of symptomatic hyperprolactinemia, reducing the dosage of amisulpride was first tried, however this approach turned out to have no effect. Subsequently, all 4 patients were switched from amisulpride to aripiprazole (10 20 mg/day), upon which their regular menstrual cycles returned and galactorrhea improved, with the normalization of their serum prolactin levels (6.5 15.0 ng/mL) within 4 weeks after switching Conclusion: Switching to aripiprazole, a partial dopamine agonist, is an effective strategy for the resolution of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia and associated adverse effects.

Decreased Plasma Nitric Oxide Metabolite Levels in Schizophrenia

YongKu Kim,BunHee Lee,SunHwa Park 대한신경정신의학회 2006 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.3 No.2

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized by neuronal and endothelial NO synthase (NOS), and has multiple functions in brain circuits and plasticity, neuroprotection and neurotoxicity, and behavior. We evaluated plasma levels of NO metabolite in patients with schizophrenia. Method: Plasma levels of NO metabolites, nitrite and nitrate, were measured in 45 male schizophrenics and 45 male normal controls. The severity of schizophrenia and response to treatment were assessed with the positive and negative syndrome scale. Plasma NO metabolite levels were estimated by Griess method in plasma samples. Results: Plasma levels of the NO metabolites were significantly lower in schizophrenics than in normal controls (t = 2.841, df = 88, p = 0.006). There were no significant correlations between plasma NO metabolites and PANSS scores in schizophrenics. Conclusions: Our study suggests that decreased plasma NO metabolite level is associated with schizophrenia. This finding supports the hypothesis of a NO system reduction in schizophrenics.

Psychiatric Findings in Suspected and Confirmed Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Patients Quarantined in Hospital : A Retrospective Chart Analysis

HyunChung Kim,SoYoung Yoo,BunHee Lee,SoHee Lee,HyoungShik Shin 대한신경정신의학회 2018 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.15 No.4

Objective-Little is known about the psychiatric complications or risk factors for depression in suspected or confirmed Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) patients quarantined in hospital. Methods-A retrospective chart review was performed of all the patients admitted to the acute MERS inpatient unit at the NMC during the 2015 outbreak. Results-30 (75%) were confirmed to be MERS-CoV positive among 40 admitted cases. Among the 24 MERS survivors, 17 (70.8%) exhibited psychiatric symptoms and 10 (41.7%) received a psychiatric diagnosis and medication during their hospital stay. Suspected MERS patients did not exhibit psychiatric symptoms or receive a psychiatric diagnosis. 27 suspected or confirmed MERS patients (age 41.15±18.64, male 37.0%) completed psychological assessments. A multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-Short form and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised scores were significantly positively correlated with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores. Conclusion-Our findings indicate that the acute treatment of MERS-CoV infections in quarantine had a significant impact on the patients’ mental health. Furthermore, assessment of the risk factors for depression may identify vulnerable patients who require psychiatric care and attention during hospital quarantine.

Exploration of Biological Markers of Suicidal Behavior in Major Depressive Disorder

YongKu Kim,SungDoo Won,JiWon Hur,BunHee Lee,HwaYoung Lee,SeHoon Shim,SangWoo Han,SoHyun Choi 대한신경정신의학회 2007 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.4 No.1

Objective-Most suicides occur in the context of depressive disorders. In this study, new candidate biological markers for suicide were explored. Methods-The suicidal subjects consisted of 48 depressed patients (18 males and 30 females) admitted to emergency rooms following suicide attempts. The levels of nitric oxide, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), beta-nerve growth factor (β-NGF), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) were measured in the plasma of these 48 patients and 50 normal controls. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured in the culture supernatant after mitogen stimulation of whole blood from both groups. The lethality of the suicide attempt was measured using the Lethality Suicide Attempt Rating Scale (LSARS), and the Risk-Rescue Rating (RRR). Results-The suicidal depressed patients had significantly higher IL-6, TGF-β1, and nitric oxide (NO) levels compared with the normal controls after controlling for body mass. On the other hand, the BDNF, IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ levels were lower in the suicidal depressed patients than in the normal controls. The NO levels in the suicidal depressed patients were negatively significantly correlated with the LSARS and RRR scores. The IFN-γ levels in the suicidal depressed patients were positively correlated with the LSARS scores, but their TGF-β1 levels were negatively correlated with the LSARS scores. When the suicidal behaviors were divided into violent or nonviolent, the IL-6 and IFN-γ levels of the violent suicidal patients were significantly higher than those of the nonviolent suicidal patients. Conclusions-These results suggest that BDNF, NO, and cytokines could be useful as biological markers of suicidal behavior in major depression.

실감형 학습자료를 활용한 대학 수업의 효과

최현준(Choi, Hyunjun),박분희(Park BunHee),김누리(Kim, Nooree) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2020 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.20 No.1

This study examines the differences in learners cognitive load, class participation, and academic achievement in university liberal arts classes learning materials, and examines the effects of classes using learning materials. The purpose is to. The subjects of this study were 90 students who were taking ‘Introductory to Psychology’ class at M university. They were divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group was provided with realistic learning materials, and the control group was provided with general photographic data. As a result, the average of cognitive load, class participation, and academic achievement of the experimental group was higher than the control group. In addition, there was a significant correlation between presence, usability, cognitive load, and academic achievement of the experimental group, but there was no statistically significant relationship with class participation. Finally, presence and usability attitudes in the experimental group were found to affect cognitive load and academic achievement. Based on these findings, this study suggests teaching and learning strategies and research implications for effective teaching of college students. 본 연구는 실감형 학습자료를 이용한 대학 교양수업에서 학습자의 인지부하, 수업참여, 학업성취도에 어떤 차이가 있는지 살펴보고, 실감형 학습자료를 활용한 수업의 경우 어떤 효과가 있는지를 확인하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 대상은 J지역 M대학의 심리학개론 수업을 수강하고 있는 학생 90명으로 이들을 실험집단과 통제집단으로 구분하였다. 그리고 실험집단에는 실감형 학습자료를 제공하였고 통제집단에는 일반적인 사진자료를 제공하였다. 그 결과 실험집단의 인지부하, 수업참여, 학업성취도의 평균이 통제집단 보다 높았다. 또한 실감형 학습자료를 제공한 집단에서의 현존감, 사용성 태도, 인지부하, 학업성취도는 유의미한 상관을 보였지만 수업참여와는 통계적으로 유의미한 관계를 보이지 않았다. 마지막으로 실감형 학습자료를 제공한 집단에서 현존감과 사용성 태도는 인지부하와 학업성취도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 연구결과에 근거하여 대학생의 효과적인 수업을 위한 교수·학습 전략과 연구의 시사점을 제시하였다.

부모양육태도가 협동의식과 학업활동을 매개하여 청소년의 행복감에 미치는 영향: 성별 간 다집단분석

함영난(Ham, Youngran),박분희(Park, Bunhee) 한국청소년정책연구원 2021 한국청소년연구 Vol.32 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 부모양육태도가 청소년의 행복감에 미치는 영향에서 협동의식과 학업활동의 효과를 확인하고, 그 효과에 대한 성별 차이를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 한국청소년정책연구원에서 제공한 한국아동·청소년패널조사 2018(2차년도) 자료를 활용하여 전국의 중학교 2학년 학생 총 2,377명(남학생 1,287명, 여학생 1,090명)을 대상으로 구조방정식모형과 성별 간 다집단분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 남녀 집단에서 부모의 긍정적 양육태도는 청소년의 협동의식, 학업활동 및 행복감에 정적효과를 나타내고, 청소년의 협동의식은 학업활동에 정적효과를 나타내며, 학업활동은 행복감에 정적효과를 나타냈다. 둘째, 남녀 집단의 매개효과 분석에서 부모의 긍정적 양육태도와 학업활동 간 관계에서 협동의식의 부분매개효과가 유의하였다. 그리고 부모의 긍정적 양육태도와 행복감과의 관계에서는 학업활동의 부분매개효과뿐만 아니라 협동의식과 학업활동의 이중매개효과도 유의하게 나타났다. 셋째, 남학생 집단에서만 부모의 부정적 양육태도는 학업활동에 부적효과를, 협동의식은 행복감에 정적효과를 나타냈다. 또한 남학생 집단에서만 부모의 부정적 양육태도와 청소년의 행복감 간 관계에서 학업활동에 의한 완전매개효과가 유의하였다. 넷째, 성별 간 다집단분석에서의 집단 간 경로 차이는 학업활동이 행복감에 미치는 영향에서만 유의하게 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 부모양육태도가 청소년의 행복감에 미치는 영향에서 협동의식과 학업활동의 매개효과를 성별차이와 함께 논의하였다. This study sought to identify the mediating effects of cooperation and academic activity between parental attitudes and adolescents’ happiness and to verify any gender differences which may exist. Using data from KCYPS 2018(second year), a structural equation model analysis and a multigroup analysis across genders were conducted. The main results were as follows. First, the positive parenting attitudes in both groups showed positive effects on cooperation, academic activity, and happiness. Second, academic activity was not only individual partial-mediated, but also the dual-mediated effect of cooperation and academic activity between the positive parenting attitudes and adolescents’ happiness in both groups. Third, cooperation of boys showed a positive effect on adolescents’ happiness. Additionally, the academic activity of boys was fully mediated between the negative parenting attitudes and adolescents’ happiness. Fourth, the difference between groups was only found to be significant in the effect of academic activity on adolescents’ happiness.

Psychiatric Sequelae of Former “Comfort Women,” Survivors of the Japanese Military Sexual Slavery during World War II

Jeewon Lee,YoungSook Kwak,YoonJung Kim,EunJi Kim,EJin Park,Yunmi Shin,BunHee Lee,SoHee Lee,HeeYeon Jung,Inseon Lee,JungIm Hwang,Dongsik Kim,Soyoung Irene Lee 대한신경정신의학회 2018 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.15 No.4

“Comfort women” refers to young women and girls who were forced into sexual slavery by the Imperial Japanese military during World War II. They were abducted from their homes in countries under Imperial Japanese rule, mostly from Korea, and the rest from China, Philippines, Malaysia, Taiwan, Indonesia, the Netherlands, etc. “Comfort women” endured extreme trauma involving rape, sexual torture, physical abuse, starvation, threats of death, and witnessed many others being tortured and killed. This article reviews all the studies that have investigated the psychiatric or psychosocial sequelae of the survivors of the Japanese military sexual slavery. Most importantly, a recent study which conducted a psychiatric evaluation on the former “comfort women” currently alive in South Korea is introduced. The participants’ unmarried rate was relatively high and their total fertility rate was relatively low. Majority of the participants reported having no education and being the low economic status. They showed high current and lifetime prevalence of posttraumatic disorder, major depressive disorder, somatic symptom disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and alcohol use disorder. Participants showed high suicidality and majority of the participants still reported being ashamed of being former “comfort women” after all these years. This article highlights the fact that the trauma has affected the mental health and social functioning of former “comfort women” throughout their lives, and even to the present day.