Multiple Stakeholder Perspectives on Cancer Stigma in North India

Gupta, Adyya,Dhillon, Preet K,Govil, Jyotsna,Bumb, Dipika,Dey, Subhojit,Krishnan, Suneeta Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.14

Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. A large proportion of cancer deaths are preventable through early detection but there are a range of social, emotional, cultural and financial dimensions that hinder the effectiveness of cancer prevention and treatment efforts. Cancer stigma is one such barrier and is increasingly recognized as an important factor influencing health awareness and promotion, and hence, disease prevention and control. The impact and extent of stigma on the cancer early detection and care continuum is poorly understood in India. Objectives: To evaluate cancer awareness and stigma from multiple stakeholder perspectives in North India, including men and women from the general population, health care professionals and educators, and cancer survivors. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) among 39 individuals over a period of 3 months in 2014. Three groups of participants were chosen purposively - 1) men and women who attended cancer screening camps held by the Indian Cancer Society, Delhi; 2) health care providers and 3) cancer survivors. Results: Most participants were unaware of what cancers are in general, their causes and ways of prevention. Attitudes of families towards cancer patients were observed to be positive and caring. Nevertheless, stigma and its impact emerged as a cross cutting theme across all groups. Cost of treatment, lack of awarenes and beliefs in alternate medicines were identified as some of the major barriers to seeking care. Conclusions: This study suggests a need for spreading awareness, knowledge about cancers and assessing associated impact among the people. Also Future research is recommended to help eradicate stigma from the society and reduce cancer-related stigma in the Indian context.

전기로 부하에서 SVC의 고조파 및 플리커 효과에 관한 연구

김경철(Kyung-Chul Kim),최형범(Hyoung-Bumb Choi),오정석(Jung-Suk Oh) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2007 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.21 No.10

규모가 큰 제철소는 전기로를 포함한 시간에 따라 변하는 비선형 부하를 가지고 있다. 이들 비선형 부하는 고조파 전류를 발생시키고, 전력계통의 전압을 왜곡시킨다. 플리커는 전압 변동의 크기에 따라 램프의 방출 변화에 의한 인간의 지각 효과로 정의된다. SVC의 주 목적은 공통결합점에서 전압을 한계값 이하로 유지하는데 있다. 본 논문에서는 SVC 투입 전후의 고조파와 플리커 저감 효과를 분석하고, IEC 61000-3-6과 IEC61000-3-7에 의해 평가하였다. Large steel industries have time-varying nonlinear loads including electric arc furnaces. These nonlinear loads generate harmonic currents and create distortions on the sinusoidal voltage of the power system. Flicker can be defined as the effect produced on the human visual perception by a changing emission of light lamps subjected to magnitude fluctuations of their supply voltage. The main objective of the static var compensator(SVC) is to maintain the rms voltage at the point of common coupling within the limit. In this paper, harmonic and flicker mitigation studies with and without the SVC are investigated, and are evaluated by the IEC 61000-3-6 and IEC 61000-3-7.

Cancer Detection Rates in a Population-Based, Opportunistic Screening Model, New Delhi, India

Shridhar, Krithiga,Dey, Subhojit,Bhan, Chandra Mohan,Bumb, Dipika,Govil, Jyostna,Dhillon, Preet K Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.5

Background: In India, cancer accounts for 7.3% of DALY's, 14.3% of mortality with an age-standardized incident rate of 92.4/100,000 in men and 97.4/100,000 in women and yet there are no nationwide screening programs. Materials and Methods: We calculated age-standardized and age-truncated (30-69 years) detection rates for men and women who attended the Indian Cancer Society detection centre, New Delhi from 2011-12. All participants were registered with socio-demographic, medical, family and risk factors history questionnaires, administered clinical examinations to screen for breast, oral, gynecological and other cancers through a comprehensive physical examination and complete blood count. Patients with an abnormal clinical exam or blood result were referred to collaborating institutes for further investigations and follow-up. Results: A total of n=3503 were screened during 2011-12 (47.8% men, 51.6% women and 0.6% children <15 years) with a mean age of 47.8 yrs (${\pm}15.1yrs$); 80.5% were aged 30-69 years and 77.1% had at least a secondary education. Tobacco use was reported by 15.8%, alcohol consumption by 11.9% and family history of cancer by 9.9% of participants. Follow-up of suspicious cases yielded 45 incident cancers (51.1% in men, 48.9% in women), consisting of 55.5% head and neck (72.0% oral), 28.9% breast, 6.7% gynecological and 8.9% other cancer sites. The age-standardized detection rate for all cancer sites was 340.8/100,000 men and 329.8/100,000 women. Conclusions: Cancer screening centres are an effective means of attracting high-risk persons in low-resource settings. Opportunistic screening is one feasible pathway to address the rising cancer burden in urban India through early detection.

수용가에 설치된 캐패시터 뱅크의 역률개선 및 고조파 저감에 관한 연구

김경철(Kyung-Chul Kim),최형범(Hyoung-Bumb Choi) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2008 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.22 No.8

대부분의 수용가 부하와 전력 설비는 근본적으로 유도성이고 지상 역률로 운영되고 있다. 수용가에 캐패시터 뱅크를 적용하면 역률 개선과 무효전력 공급, 전압 상승, 전력 손실 저감과 전기요금 저감 등 많은 혜택이 있다. 또한 캐패시터 뱅크를 설치하면 고조파와 같은 전력 품질에 문제를 야기시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 수용가에 설치된 캐패시터 뱅크의 역률 개선 및 고조파 저감을 심도 있게 분석한다. 사례연구 시스템은 EDSA 프로그램으로 시뮬레이션하였다. Most power system loads and delivery apparatus are inductive in nature and therefore operate at a lagging power factor. Applying capacitor banks to a customer will result in a power factor correction and other benefits such as VAR support, increased voltage, reduced power losses, and reduced billing charges. Also there can be power quality problems as a result of adding capacitor banks. The most common are harmonics. This paper provides an in depth analysis on the power factor correction and harmonics reduction of capacitor bank installed at a customer. The EDSA program was used as a simulation tool for the case study.

현장 측정에 의한 가정집 부하의 고조파 특성에 관한 연구

김경철(Kyung-Chul Kim),오경훈(Kyung-Hoon Oh),최형범(Hyoung-Bumb Choi) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2008 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.22 No.4

일반 가정집 부하는 컴퓨터, 비디오, 냉장고, 마이크로웨이브 오븐, TV, 오디오 등의 많은 비선형 부하를 가지고 있다. 이들 비선형 부하는 고조파 전류를 발생시키고, 전력계통의 정현파 전압을 왜곡시킨다. 고조파 측정 결과로 고조파는 시간에 따라 변하는 특성이 관측되었다. 시간에 따라 변하는 고조파를 해결하기 위해서 쓰이는 가장 보편적인 방법은 누적확률을 사용하는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 가정집 부하의 고조파 현장 측정과 EDSA 프로그램을 사용한 고조파 시뮬레이션을 심도 있게 다루고자 하였다. Typical household load have nonlinear loads including a personal computer, video, refrigerator, microwave oven, TV, and audio set. These nonlinear loads generate harmonic currents and create distortions on the sinusoidal voltage of the power system Harmonic field measurements have shown that the harmonic contents of a waveform varies with time, A cumulative probablistic approach is the most commonly used method to solve time varying harmonics. This paper provides in depth analysis on harmonics field measurement of the typical household loads and harmonics simulation using EDSA program for the case study.

현장 측정에 의한 일반 가정집 부하의 고조파 수준 조사

김경철(Kyung-Chul Kim),오경훈(Kyung-Hoon Oh),최형범(Hyoung-Bumb Choi),홍사근(Sa-Guen Hong) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2008 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.22 No.5

일반 가정집 부하는 컴퓨터, 비디오, 냉장고, 마이크로웨이브 오븐,TV, 오디오 등의 많은 비선형 부하를 가지고 있다. 이들 비선형 부하는 고조파 전류를 발생시키고, 전력계통의 정현파 전압을 왜곡시킨다. 고조파 측정 결과로 고조파는 시간에 따라 변하는 특성이 관측되었다. 시간에 따라 변하는 고조파를 해결하기 위해서 쓰이는 가장 보편적인 방법은 누적확률을 사용하는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 일년동안 일반 가정집 부하의 고조파 측정을 하고, 현존하는 가정집 부하의 고조파 수준과 미래의 고조파 영향을 예측하기 위한 목적의 조사를 심도있게 다루고자 하였다. Typical household loads have nonlinear loads including a personal computer, video, refrigerator, microwave oven, TV, and audio set These nonlinear loads generate harmonic currents and create distortions on the sinusoidal voltage of the power system Harmonic field measurements have shown that the harmonic contents of a waveform varies with time. A cumulative probablistic approach is the most commonly used method to solve time varying harmonics, This paper provides in depth analysis on harmonics field measurement of the typical household loads for one year period and the survey is conducted with the objectives to identify the trends of harmonic distortion level present and indentify the future trends of metering in the presence of nonsinusoidal current and voltage waveforms in the system.