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An experimental investigation of the effects of chronic stress on bone-to-implant contact
Serkan Dundar,Alihan Bozoglan,Ferhan Yaman,Mustafa Kirtay,Ozgur Bulmus,Hacer Sahin Aydinyurt,Murat Yavuz Solmaz,Cenk Yanen 대한구강악안면외과학회 2019 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.45 No.2
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic restraint stress on the osseointegration of titanium implants. Materials and Methods: Twenty adult male Wistar albino rats were used in the study. After surgical insertion of titanium implants into the metaphyseal part of the tibial bone, rats were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (CNT group) and an experimental restraint stress group (RS group). In the CNT group, titanium implants were inserted surgically, and rats received no further treatment during the 47-day experimental period. In the RS group, restraint stress was applied for 3 hours per day for 45 days, beginning 2 days after implant surgery. Weight of the rats was measured prior to surgery and at the end of the study to analyze the effects of stress. At the end of the experimental period, rats were euthanized, and implants and surrounding bone tissues were used for undecalcified histological analysis. Serum cortisol levels were assessed in cardiac blood samples from the rats following centrifugation. Results: Average weight of rats in the RS group was lower than that of rats in the CNT group after the experimental protocol had been completed (P<0.05). Further, serum cortisol levels were higher in the RS group than in the CNT group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in boneimplant connection levels between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The data analyzed in this study suggest that chronic restraint stress did not adversely affect rats during a 45-day osseointegration period.
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Stabilization of Polymer-Hydrogel Capsules via Thiol–Disulfide Exchange
Chong, Siow-Feng,Chandrawati, Rona,Stä,dler, Brigitte,Park, Jeongju,Cho, Jinhan,Wang, Yajun,Jia, Zhongfan,Bulmus, Volga,Davis, Thomas P.,Zelikin, Alexander N.,Caruso, Frank WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Small Vol.5 No.22
<P>Polymer hydrogels are used in diverse biomedical applications including drug delivery and tissue engineering. Among different chemical linkages, the natural and reversible thiol–disulfide interconversion is extensively explored to stabilize hydrogels. The creation of macro-, micro-, and nanoscale disulfide-stabilized hydrogels commonly relies on the use of oxidizing agents that may have a detrimental effect on encapsulated cargo. Herein an oxidization-free approach to create disulfide-stabilized polymer hydrogels via a thiol–disulfide exchange reaction is reported. In particular, thiolated poly(methacrylic acid) is used and the conditions of polymer crosslinking in solution and on colloidal porous and solid microparticles are established. In the latter case, removal of the core particles yields stable, hollow, disulfide-crosslinked hydrogel capsules. Further, a procedure is developed to achieve efficient disulfide crosslinking of multilayered polymer films to obtain stable, liposome-loaded polymer-hydrogel capsules that contain functional enzymatic cargo within the liposomal subcompartments. This approach is envisaged to facilitate the development of biomedical applications of hydrogels, specifically those including fragile cargo.</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Polymer-hydrogel capsules are stabilized via disulfide linkages whereby crosslinking relies on the thiol–disulfide exchange without the use of oxidizing agents (see image). The method permits the formation of hollow capsules as well as functional capsosomes, hydrogel capsules subcompartmentalized with enzyme-loaded liposomes, without the loss of activity of liposome-encapsulated enzymes. <img src='wiley_img/16136810-2009-5-22-SMLL200900906-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/16136810-2009-5-22-SMLL200900906-content'> </P>
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