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Braun, Artur,Aksoy Akgul, Funda,Chen, Qianli,Erat, Selma,Huang, Tzu-Wen,Jabeen, Naila,Liu, Zhi,Mun, Bongjin S.,Mao, Samuel S.,Zhang, Xiaojun American Chemical Society 2012 Chemistry of materials Vol.24 No.17
<P>Substoichiometric tungsten oxide films of approximately 10 nm thickness deposited with pulsed laser ablation on single-crystal TiO<SUB>2</SUB> substrates with (001) and (110) orientation show defect states near the Fermi energy in the valence-band X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra. The spectral weight of the defect states is particularly strong for the film grown on the (001) surface. In situ XPS under an oxygen pressure of 100 mTorr shows that the spectral weight of the defect states decreases significantly at 500 K for the film on the (110) substrate, whereas that of the film grown on the (001) substrate remains the same at a temperature up to 673 K. Furthermore, diffusion of titanium from the substrate to the film surface is observed on the (110) substrate, as is evidenced by the sudden appearance of the Ti 2p core level signature above 623 K and below 673 K. The film grown on the (001) surface does not show such an interdiffusion effect, which suggests that the orientation of the substrate can have a significant influence on the high-temperature integrity of the tungsten oxide films. Quantitative analysis of the O 1s core level XPS spectra shows that chemisorbed water from sample storage under ambient conditions is desorbed during heating under oxygen exposure.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cmatex/2012/cmatex.2012.24.issue-17/cm301829y/production/images/medium/cm-2012-01829y_0011.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cm301829y'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Prevalence of Monogenic Causes in Pediatric Patients with Nephrolithiasis or Nephrocalcinosis
Braun, Daniela Anne,Lawson, Jennifer Ashley,Gee, Heon Yung,Halbritter, Jan,Shril, Shirlee,Tan, Weizhen,Stein, Deborah,Wassner, Ari J.,Ferguson, Michael A.,Gucev, Zoran,Fisher, Brittany,Spaneas, Leslie American Society of Nephrology 2016 CLINICAL JOURNAL- AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY Vol.11 No.4
<P>Background and objectives Nephrolithiasis is a prevalent condition that affects 10%-15% of adults in their lifetime. It is associated with high morbidity due to colicky pain, the necessity for surgical intervention, and sometimes progression to CKD. In recent years, multiple monogenic causes of nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis have been identified. However, the prevalence of each monogenic gene in a pediatric renal stone cohort has not yet been extensively studied. Design, setting, participants, & measurements To determine the percentage of cases that can be explained molecularly by mutations in one of 30 known nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis genes, we conducted a high-throughput exon sequencing analysis in an international cohort of 143 individuals <18 years of age, with nephrolithiasis (n=123) or isolated nephrocalcinosis (n=20). Over 7 months, all eligible individuals at three renal stone clinics in the United States and Europe were approached for study participation. Results We detected likely causative mutations in 14 of 30 analyzed genes, leading to a molecular diagnosis in 16.8% (24 of 143) of affected individuals; 12 of the 27 detected mutations were not previously described as disease causing (44.4%). We observed that in our cohort all individuals with infantile manifestation of nephrolithiasis or nephrocalcinosis had causative mutations in recessive rather than dominant monogenic genes. In individuals who manifested later in life, causative mutations in dominant genes were more frequent. Conclusions We present the first exclusively pediatric cohort examined for monogenic causes of nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis, and suggest that important therapeutic and preventative measures may result from mutational analysis in individuals with early manifestation of nephrolithiasis or nephrocalcinosis.</P>
Braun, C.,Proch, S.,Seo, H.O.,Kim, Y.D.,Gantefor, G. North Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2012 Chemical physics letters Vol.530 No.-
Relaxation dynamics of optically excited states of Au<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> and Au<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>(H<SUB>2</SUB>O)<SUB>m</SUB> were studied via femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (fsTRPES). Au<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> exhibits photo-dissociation into either (Au<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>+Au<SUB>1</SUB>) or (Au<SUB>2</SUB>+Au<SUB>1</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>) with a time constant of 1.6ns. One water molecule adsorbed on Au<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> opened new photo-induced dissociation channel with a much shorter time constant. More than one water molecule on Au<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> inhibited photo-dissociation, most likely as a result of facile dissipation of excess energy of optically excited states by nuclear motions of clusters. The photochemical pathway can be controlled by adjusting the number of water molecules interacting with the ionic species.
BRAUN J. E.,KEEIN S. A.,MITCHELL J. W. 대한설비공학회 1983 설비저널 Vol.12 No.2
논문은 물을 저장물질로 사용하는 공간난방에 있어서의 seasonal storage의 몇 가지 중요한 문제연구하고 있다. 집열기 면적과 저장체적 그리고 시스템 성능간의 관계를 transient simulation program(TRNSYS)을 사용하여 조사하였다. 여기서 seasonal storage의 가장 일어나기 쉬운 상태가 나타내어지는데 seasonal storage system의 설계에 특히 역점을 두고 있다. 이러한 설계방법은 몇 일간에서 seasonal storage에 이르는 seasonal pacity (저장용량)에 대하여 적용되어진다. 비용과 관련하여 이러한 설계방법은 seasonal storage system 경제성 (economic viability)을 추정하는데 유용할 것이다. 또한 시스템 설계에서 부하 열기의 크기 탱크단열 집열기 경사 매년 기후변화의 중요성이 조사되고 있다.
Superconformal Nickel Deposition in Through Silicon Vias: Experiment and Prediction
Braun, T. M.,Kim, S.-H.,Lee, H.-J.,Moffat, T. P.,Josell, D. The Electrochemical Society 2018 Journal of the Electrochemical Society Vol.165 No.7
<P>This work examines the filling of Through Silicon Vias (TSV) by Ni deposition from a NiSO4 NiCl2 H3BO3 electrolyte containing a branched polyethyleneimine suppressor. Feature filling occurs due to the interaction of transport limited suppressor adsorption and its consumption by potential dependent metal deposition. The interaction between surface topography and suppressor transport yields a sharp transition from passive to active deposition within the TSV. The transition is associated with significant incorporation of the suppressor, or its components, within the Ni deposit that results in grain refinement evident by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Potential waveforms that progressively shift the location of the passive-active transition upward to optimize feature filling were examined. The evolution of feature filling and deposit microstructure are compared to predictions of a three-dimensional model that reflect critical behavior associated with suppressor-derived, S-shaped negative differential resistance (S-NDR). The model uses adsorption and consumption kinetics obtained from voltammetric measurements of the critical potential associated with suppression breakdown. Good agreement between experiment and simulation is demonstrated. (C) The Author(s) 2018. Published by ECS.</P>
Mutations in multiple components of the nuclear pore complex cause nephrotic syndrome
Braun, Daniela A.,Lovric, Svjetlana,Schapiro, David,Schneider, Ronen,Marquez, Jonathan,Asif, Maria,Hussain, Muhammad Sajid,Daga, Ankana,Widmeier, Eugen,Rao, Jia,Ashraf, Shazia,Tan, Weizhen,Lusk, C. Pa American Society for Clinical Investigation 2018 The Journal of clinical investigation Vol.128 No.10
Plant Cells on Earth and in Space
Braun, Markus,Sievers, Andreas The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2000 Korean journal of biological sciences Vol.4 No.3
Two quite different types of plant cells are analysed with regard to transduction of the gravity stimulus: (i) Unicellular rhizoids and protonemata of characean green algae; these are tube-like, tip-growing cells which respond to the direction of gravity. (ii) Columella cells located in the center of the root cap of higher plants; these cells (statocytes) perceive gravity. The two cell types contain heavy particles or organelles (sataoliths) which sediment in the field of gravity, thereby inducing the graviresponse. Both cell types were studied under microgravity conditions ($10^{-4}$/ g) in sounding rockets or spacelabs. From video microscopy of living Chara cells and different experiments with both cell types it was concluded that the position of statoliths depends on the balance of two forces, i.e. the gravitational force and the counteracting force mediated by actin microfilaments. The actomyosin system may be the missing link between the gravity-dependent movement of statoliths and the gravity receptor(s); it may also function as an amplifier.