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Bozhi Cai,Jing Jiang,Yongjun Cao,Junwei Sun,Ning Zhang,Qian Li 한국고분자학회 2022 Macromolecular Research Vol.30 No.3
This study introduces a new scale-dependent viscosity model, in which transesterification reaction of polycarbonate/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PC/PET) blends with various phase morphologies and micro-scale effects have been taken into account. It is found that a Power-law model can be used to quantitatively describe the relationship between the degree of transesterification and shear rate employed during compounding of PC and PET. A micro-scale viscosity model, which incorporates the micro-scale effects, has been developed by characterizing the flow using a double-barrel capillary rheometer with different microscale channels. For both neat PC and PC/PET blends, under the conditions of the constant shear rate and melt temperature, the shear viscosity dropped with decreasing capillary diameter because of the wall-slip effect. The proposed viscosity model based on the Cross equation can describe the variation of shear viscosity for PC/PET blends under both macro- and micro-scale conditions. Less than 7% average error is obtained between the model predictions and rheological experimental data. Filling simulation and micro-injection molding (μIM) short-shot experiments were conducted to validate the accuracy of the proposed viscosity model. For all the L9(34) design of experiment (DOE) molding trials, the average relative error under the micro-scale condition was 4.5±1.1%, which is much smaller than that of the average relative error under the macro-scale condition at 11.4±2.7%.
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Occurrence and control of N-nitrosodimethylamine in water engineering systems
Yongning Bian,Chuang Wang,Guocheng Zhu,Bozhi Ren,Peng Zhang,Andrew S. Hursthouse 대한환경공학회 2019 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.24 No.1
N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a typical nitrogen disinfection by-product, which has posed a potential threat to human health during drinking water disinfection. Because of the well-known effects of mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and teratogenesis, the high detection rate in water engineering systems (such as coagulation, membrane filtration and biological systems), and difficulty to remove, it has received wide concern in the field of water engineering systems. The NDMA is a low molecular weight hydrophilic organic substance, which is difficult to remove. Also, the mechanism for NDMA formation is also recognized to be complex, and many steps still needed to be further evaluated. Therefore, the mechanistic knowledge on NDMA formation potential and their removal processes is of particularly interest. Few papers summarize the occurrence and control of NDMA in water engineering systems. It is for this reason that the content of this paper is particularly important for us to understand and control the amount of NDMA thus reducing the threat of disinfection by-products to drinking water. Four parts including the mechanisms for the NDMA formation potential, the factors affecting the NDMA formation potential, the technologies for removal of NDMA are summarized. Finally, some definite suggestions are given.
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