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民間信仰에 關聯된 精神障碍에 對한 考察 : 症例分析을 中心으로
李符永,兪貞姬 大韓神經精神醫學會 1983 신경정신의학 Vol.22 No.2
There are psychiatric illnesses that show symptoms associated with shamanistic folk religion even now when tne power of christianity tends to be expanded, and some patients experience emotional conflict in choosing either christianity or shamanism that influence on their symptomatology. The purpose of this study is to understand the symbolic meaning o the symptoms of so-called possession syndrome associated with shamanistic folk religion and the psychology of possessed patients who seek for faith healing in church where traditional shamanism is regarded as satanic magical belief and rejected so that their emotional conflicts are aggravated. For this study, the author selected three cases of possession syndrome with various clinical diagnosis admitted to the department of psychiatry of Seoul National University Hospital from March-1979 to March-1980, two of whom had searched for faith healing in church, and one case treated by faith healing in church. Psychiatric and psychological analysis was attempted about those four cases mainly from the viewpoint of analytical psychology. In their symptoms, the author found the opposite elements such as Holy Spirit-Satan, Christ-"Mudang" devil, and white(light)-darkness that compete with each other, and it seemed that these symptoms are due to uncontrollable autonomy of double aspects of archetyoe what Jung called Urambivalenz. The author also understood that the ultimate concern of unconscious that produces these symptoms is to make possible the reunion of the warring halves of the personality: and this psychictotality os the goal of psychotherapy. Psychotherapeutic implications of both shamanistic treatments and christian faith healing(especially exorcism)are also discussed. Each of them has somewhat different psychotherapeutic implications, but at the same time both have the therapeutic limitation that is to be approved not only by faith healers, sorcerers but also by patients themselves.
精神病 患者의 自由畵의 特徵과 臨床 經過와의 相互 關係에 관한 豫備的 硏究
李符永,李重瑞 大韓神經精神醫學會 1994 신경정신의학 Vol.33 No.1
Most studies on the drawings by the psychotic patients have focused on their pathologic graphic patterns. But there are few studies exploring the changes in the art expression through the clinical course. This is a preliminary study to evaluate objectively the correlation between the graphic characteristics and the course of the psychotic illness, and to find its clinical application. The study was performed retrospectively by using closed neuropsychiatric wards, Seoul National University Hospital during the period between March, 1990 and February, 1992. Two independent raters assessed the clinical course of each patient involved in this group with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS). For the assessment of the art expression, two independent raters used the list of the graphic characteristics which we through literature review. In addition, we assessed the quality of schizophrenic drawing as a whole. There were no significant correlation between the art expression and the clinical course in our study group. There were 3 schizophrenics having significant correlation between both of them, but there were no significant differences in graphic characteristics and psychopathologies between these patients and others. In spite of the clinical improvement, the art expression was assessed as worse in one schizophrenic and two manic patients.
東醫寶鑑에 나타난 精神病觀 : A Korean Text of Oriental Medicine from the 17th Centry
李符永 최신의학사 1973 最新醫學 Vol.16 No.12
The Materials on the concepts of mental disorders reviewed in Tong Ui Po Kam, the most popular book of the Oriental medicine in Korea even in the present time, were examined from the psychiatric and psychological standpoint comparing them with the modern Western concept and classification of the mental illness. The conclusions are as followed: 1) Tong Ui Po Kam differentiates the state of excitation and overactivity "Kwang" from the state of extreme passivity 'and -withdrawal "Chon" as the different disease entity. The regressive behaviour accompanying by vivid. visual and auditory hallucinations was designated as "Sabyung" (the--disease of evil). The state of febrile delirium and mood disturbances resulted from psychosomatic interactions were also defined as different illness. 2) The boundaries of mental disorders were, however, not strictly divided as did in the Western medicine. The mental disorders are never a separated one from the somatic disorders and all diseases can be transformed into another cathegory of illness. Thus, the classification of the disease is according to this book not so important as in Western medicine. 3) The causes of mental disorders are, according to the ancient Chinese cosmology the disharmony between Yin and Yang, breach of Tao, the obstruction of the heart cavity (Shim Kong) by "Dam" (Sputum), the injury of the internal organs through heat, cold or emotional reactions of the patient. 4) It seems that all such explanations on the cause of illness reveal certain psychological implications rather than philosophical and physiological meaning. In the certain descriptions on the pathology and treatment of the illness, primitive ideas such as soul-loss, spirit intrusion and corresponding magical treatment of such demonic powers can be recognized. The concepts of mental disorders can be regarded as the symbolical expressions of unconscious psychological process of many authors of Eastern medicine reflected upon the somatic phenomena, as C. G. Jung once had suggested. This is only a preliminary work, therefore, the more extensive investigations are needed in future.
이부영,이철 大韓神經精神醫學會 1976 신경정신의학 Vol.15 No.1
The preliminary study on Jung's Association Test in many aspects including association patterns and complex signs for 100 Korean male and female college students showed the following results. 1. The average reaction-time of male subjects (2.10 sec.) was shorter than that of female subjects (2.14 sec.), but the difference was not significant statistically. 2. The quality of the stimulus-word exerted a certain influence on the reaction time. The average shortest reaction-times followed concrete nouns (1.95 sec.), the longest followed abstract nouns (2.2 sec.). 3. The quality of reaction also seemed to have a certain influence on the length of reaction-time. The shortest times occurred with verbs (1.85 sec.), the longest with abstract nouns (2.25 sec.). 4. The quality of association had a distinct influence on the reaction-time. Internal associations (2.20 sec.). command a longer reaction-time than external ones (1.75 sec.). 5. The quality of the association was influenced to quite an extent by the grammatical form of the stimulus-word. The ratio of internal to external associations in female subjects (65:31) was greater than that in male subjects (59:37), and the number of internal associations was greater than that of external ones in all subjects. The number of internal associations to verbs was greatest (male: 70.5%, female: 76.5%) and smallest in that of associations following adjectives (male: 51.0%, female: 61.0%). 6. The sound associations were very rare (only 12 in 10,000 associations). 7. The frequencies of prolonged reaction-times were 29.5% in male and 30.1% in female subjects on average. The stimulus-words that were frequently followed by prolonged reaction-time were 19.pride, 41.money, 52.to part, 56.to pay attention, 22."bos", 33.pity, 36.to die, 6.long, 39.custom, 34.yellow, 79. happiness, and etc. 8. In main the disturbance in reproduction was correlated with a reaction-time which was longer than median reaction-time; where it were not correlated with this, the preceding reaction-time tended to be longer than median reaction-time in the majority of cases. 9. 38% of all the incorrect reproductions were arranged in series, and the reaction-times were longest for the series of 2 incorrect reproductions (2.98 sec.). 10. The longer the median reaction-time of each subject, the more the number of reproduction disturbances increased. 11. The association that was afterwards incorrectly reproduced had twice on average as many complex signs as the correctly reproduced one. 12. Stimulus-words in which the complex signs occurred in greater number were 19.pride, 41.money, 22."bos", 44.to despise, 36.to die, 100.to abuse, 50.unjust, 30.rich, 66.big, 79.happiness, and etc. 13. Several stimulus-words were considered as rare or difficult words and inadequate in the arrangement of stimulus-words. It was confirmed through case analysis that Jung's complex signs could be practically applied to Korean people, and the association patterns and results were compared and discussed with those of Jung's study.