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Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Studies: Study Design and Data Analysis
Sanne A.E. Peters,Michiel L. Bots 대한뇌졸중학회 2013 Journal of stroke Vol.15 No.1
Background Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) measurements have been widely used as primary endpoint in studies into the effects of new interventions as alternative for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. There are no accepted standards on the use of CIMT measurements in intervention studies and choices in the design and analysis of a CIMT study are generally based on experience and expert opinion. In the present review, we provide an overview of the current evidence on several aspects in the design and analysis of a CIMT study on the early effects of new interventions. Summary of Issues A balanced evaluation of the carotid segments, carotid walls, and image view to be used as CIMT study endpoint; the reading method (manual or semi-automated and continuously or in batch) to be employed, the required sample size, and the frequency of ultrasound examinations is provided. We also discuss the preferred methods to analyse longitudinal CIMT data and address the possible impact of, and methods to deal with missing and biologically implausible CIMT values. Conclusions Linear mixed effects models are the preferred way to analyse CIMT data and do appropriately handle missing and biologically implausible CIMT values. Furthermore, we recommend to use extensive CIMT designs that measure CIMT at regular points during the multiple carotid sites as such approach is likely to increase the success rates of CIMT intervention studies designed to evaluate the effects of new interventions on atherosclerotic burden.
DUALITY FOR LINEAR CHANCE-CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Bot, Radu Ioan,Lorenz, Nicole,Wanka, Gert Korean Mathematical Society 2010 대한수학회지 Vol.47 No.1
In this paper we deal with linear chance-constrained optimization problems, a class of problems which naturally arise in practical applications in finance, engineering, transportation and scheduling, where decisions are made in presence of uncertainty. After giving the deterministic equivalent formulation of a linear chance-constrained optimization problem we construct a conjugate dual problem to it. Then we provide for this primal-dual pair weak sufficient conditions which ensure strong duality. In this way we generalize some results recently given in the literature. We also apply the general duality scheme to a portfolio optimization problem, a fact that allows us to derive necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for it.
Ikram Kheira Bot,Abdelmoumen Anis Bousahla,Amine Zemri,Mohamed Sekkal,Abdelhakim Kaci,Fouad Bourada,Abdelouahed Tounsi,M.H. Ghazwani,S. R. Mahmoud 국제구조공학회 2022 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.43 No.6
This research is devoted to study the effects of humidity and temperature on the bending behavior of functionally graded (FG) ceramic-metal porous plates resting on Pasternak elastic foundation using a quasi-3D hyperbolic shear deformation theory developed recently. The present plate theory with only four unknowns, takes into account both transverse shear and normal deformations and satisfies the zero traction boundary conditions on the surfaces of the functionally graded plate without using shear correction factors. Material properties of porous FG plate are defined by rule of the mixture with an additional term of porosity in the through-thickness direction. The governing differential equations are obtained using the "principle of virtual work". Analytically, the Navier method is used to solve the equations that govern a simply supported FG porous plate. The obtained results are checked by comparing the results determined for the perfect and imperfect FG plates with those available in the scientific literature. Effects due to material index, porosity factors, moisture and thermal loads, foundation rigidities, geometric ratios on the FG porous plate are all examined. Finally, this research will help us to design advanced functionally graded materials to ensure better durability and efficiency for hygro-thermal environments.
Gyang Markus Bot,Danaan J. Shilong,Jerry A. Philip,Ezekiel Dido Dung,Andrew H. Shitta,Nanpan Isa Kyesmen,Jeneral D. Alfin,Lena Mary Houlihan,Mark C. Preul,Kenneth N. Ozoilo,Peter O. Binitie 대한신경외과학회 2023 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.66 No.5
Objective : Trauma is a leading causes of death and disability in all ages. The aim of this study was to describe the demography and characteristics of paediatric head trauma in our institution and examine the predictors of outcome and incidence of injury related mortality. Methods : We examined our institutional Trauma Registry over a 2 year period. Results : A total of 1100 trauma patients were seen over the study period. Of the 579 patients who had head injury 99 were in the paediatric age group. Of the paediatric head trauma patients 79 had documented Glasgow coma score (GCS), 38 (48.1%), 17 (21.5%) and 24 (30.4%) had mild, moderate and severe head injury respectively. The percentage mortality of head injury in the paediatric age group was 6.06% (6/99). There is an association between mortality and GCS (p=0.008), necessity for intensive care unit (ICU) admission (p=0.0001), associated burns (p=0.0001) and complications such as aspiration pneumonia (p=0.0001). The significant predictors of outcome are aspiration (p=0.004), the need for ICU admission (p=0.0001) and associated burns (p=0.005) using logistic binary regression. During the study period 46 children underwent surgical intervention with extradural haematoma 16 (34.8%), depressed skull fracture 14 (30.4%) and chronic subdural haematoma five (10.9%) being the commonest indication for surgeries. Conclusion : Paediatric head injury accounted for 9.0% (99/1100) of all trauma admissions. Majority of patients had mild or moderate injuries. Burns, aspiration pneumonitis and the need for ICU admission were important predictors of outcome in children with traumatic brain injury.
High-resolution Manometry Findings in Patients After Sclerotherapy for Esophageal Varices
( Fernando A M Herbella ),( Ramiro Colleoni ),( Luiz Bot ),( Fernando P P Vicentine ),( Marco G Patti ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2016 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.22 No.2
Background/Aims Endoscopic therapy for esophageal varices may lead to esophageal dysmotility. High-resolution manometry is probably the more adequate tool to measure esophageal motility in these patients. This study aimed to evaluate esophageal motility using high resolution manometry following eradication of esophageal varices by endoscopic sclerotherapy. Methods We studied 21 patients (11 women, age 52 [45-59] years). All patients underwent eradication of esophageal varices with endoscopic sclerotherapy and subsequent high resolution manometry. Results A significant percentage of defective lower esophageal sphincter (basal pressure 14.3 [8.0-20.0] mmHg; 43% hypertonic) and hypocontractility (distal esophageal amplitude 50 [31-64] mmHg; proximal esophageal amplitude 40 [31-61] mmHg; distal contractile integral 617 [403-920] mmHg·sec·cm; 48% ineffective) was noticed. Lower sphincter basal pressure and esophageal amplitude correlated inversely with the number of sessions (P < 0.001). No manometric parameter correlated with symptoms or interval between last endoscopy and manometry. Conclusions Esophageal motility after endoscopic sclerotherapy is characterized by: (1) defective lower sphincter and (2) defective and hypotensive peristalsis. Esophageal dysmotility is associated to an increased number of endoscopic sessions, but manometric parameters do not predict symptoms. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016;22:226-230)
Heat Treatment Influence on the Structural Properties of Supported Ni Nanoclusters
Vasile Rednic,Nicolae Aldea,Petru Marginean,Marius Rada,Adrian Bot,Zhonghua Wu,Zhang Jing,Florica Matei 대한금속·재료학회 2014 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.20 No.4
Ni nanoclusters supported on Al2O3 were prepared using a coprecipitation method. A heat treatment at differenttemperatures was applied. The obtained samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-rayabsorption spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in order to determine their global, local andelectronic structures. The average particle size, the mean squares of the microstrain, the particle size andmicrostrain distribution functions of the supported Ni nanoclusters were determined by the XRD methodusing a generalized Fermi function for the approximation of the X-ray line. The recrystallization inducedduring the heat treatment process was analyzed. The present study indicated strong deformation of thelocal structure of the active metal in all of the samples investigated due to the metal-support interactionand the effects of the small particle size. Electronic structural investigations showed the presence of Ni ina metallic state as well as Ni2+ on the cluster surfaces.