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Axel Borrmann,Matthias Busse,Manuel De La Rocha 한국국제경제학회 2007 International Economic Journal Vol.21 No.2
The European Union is currently negotiating Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) with six African, Caribbean and Pacific country groupings, aiming at establishing mutual free trade. This paper empirically assesses the impact of the EPAs on trade flows and government revenues for 22 East and Southern African countries and discusses implications for intra-regional integration. The results indicate that while moderate trade effects can be expected, relatively large budget effects are likely to occur in a number of these countries, exposing them to considerable structural and financial adjustment requirements. Also, EPAs would strengthen the need to consolidate overlapping intra-regional integration schemes.JEL Classification: F15, O24, O55
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Calcium silicate-carbon nanotube composites
T. Borrmann,K. Edgar,J. L. Spencer,A. J. McFarlane,J. H. Johnston 한국물리학회 2004 Current Applied Physics Vol.4 No.2-4
Composites of calcium silicate and carbon nanotubes have been generated. The nanotubes are multi-walled and grow on catalytichematite particles, which have been deposited on the calcium silicate carrier previously. Randomly curled as well as straightnanotubes have been observed.The nano-structured calcium silicate crystallizes at the elevated temperature and reaction conditions used in the formation of thecarbon nanotubes. The silicate forms wollastonite, therefore reducing the high surface area of the amorphous material. Variouscarbon sources have been explored, which allow catalysis at lower temperatures.
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Nano-structured composite calcium silicate and some novel applications
James H. Johnston,Thomas Borrmann,Daniel Rankin,Mathew Cairns,James E. Grindrod,Andrew Mcfarlane 한국물리학회 2008 Current Applied Physics Vol.8 No.3,4
Composite nano-structured calcium silicate materials have been prepared by reaction of a silica-containing solution with calcium ionsat elevated pH, characterised and tested in metal adsorption and anti-microbial applications. The material comprises nano-size plateletsthat self-assemble into particles of about 15l m in size with an open framework structure. These exhibit a high pore volume and liquidabsorption of about 500600 g oil 100 g. 1 silicate and a high accessible surface area of up to about 600 m2 g. 1trollable in the synthesis process. It has a high whiteness and brightness. XRD shows only short range order. The surface of the nano-sizeplatelets contain both silanol (SiOH) groups and Ca2+ ions which provide bonding sites for the adsorption of metal cations. As such,the nano-structured calcium silicate exhibits an excellent ability to recover metal cations from solutions such as Cu2+ down to the1mgkg. 1 level, demonstrating its potential in environmental clean-up applications. Similarly, silver ions can be adsorbed with the result-ing nano-structured calcium silicatesilver composites showing excellent antimicrobial activity againstStaphylococcus aureus(ATCC25923) down to very low silver levels of 1 mg kg. 1. The silver cannot be leached out easily. These composite particles can be incorporatedinto surface coatings, plastics and food packaging as an easily useable, eective and durable anti-microbial agent.
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Conducting polymer composites with cellulose and protein fibres
James H. Johnston,John Moraes,Thomas Borrmann,David Flynn,Fern M. Kelly 한국물리학회 2006 Current Applied Physics Vol.6 No.3
Conducting polymer–fibre composites with polypyrrole cellulose (paper) and protein (wool) fibres have been produced by polymerizing pyrrole with ferric chloride as the oxidant around separated individual cellulose (wood) fibres from bleached Pinus radiata Kraft pulp, and merino wool fibres respectively to generate new composite materials that retain the inherent properties of the polymer and individual fibres. For the polypyrrole–cellulose composite, the polypyrrole consisted of spheres of about 100 nm in size fused together to form a continuous coating that fully encapsulates the cellulose fibre and associated finer fibrils. For the polypyrrole–wool composite the polypyrrole formed a similar coating of about 200 nm spheres. Electrical conductivities of the composites were substantially increased over those of the precursor fibres.
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Electronic properties of intrinsically conducting polymer-cellulose based composites
M.J. Richardson,J.H. Johnston,T. Borrmann 한국물리학회 2006 Current Applied Physics Vol.6 No.3
In situ polymerisation of pyrrole, aniline and derivatives with cellulosic substrates provides composites with potentially useful properties. Conductivity relative to the untreated substrate is increased, and an inverse relationship of conductivity to dielectric, and hence capacitance is observed. A metallic layer such as copper may be deposited electrochemically onto the surface of the composite, and the metal surface may then be oxidised to form either the green carbonate patina commonly seen on bronze statues, or a deep red oxide layer. When the polymer used is polypyrrole, silver may be reduced onto the surface following reduction of the polymer via hydrazine or sodium borohydride. The composites have been characterised via scanning electron microscopy, impedance analysis, cyclic voltammetry and conductivity measurements.
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Hyeon Seung Kim,Sung-Keun Kim,Andre Borrmann,Leen Seok Kang 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.8
Many construction firms have begun carrying out schedule management by using digital methods, such as 3D CAD andbuilding information model (BIM)s. However, such methods are hampered by discrepancies between virtual models andreal world models. This study develops an augmented reality (AR)-based 4D CAD system, which connects 4D and 5Dobjects with a real field image and an AR object. A method to link 4D objects and AR objects is proposed in order toimplement several types of schedule information, as well as to enable the use of constantly changing schedule informationthrough AR objects. Furthermore, a method for implementing AR objects based on connecting real-time field images ispresented to help long distance managers become more accustomed to virtual objects and to enable better reflecting fieldenvironmental conditions in schedule management. In this study, the AR-based 4D CAD system using these methods issuggested and applied in a case study to verify the applicability of the system. The proposed system can be used for fieldmonitoring for schedule management at job sites and to support cooperation and decision making between long distancemanagers and field engineers.
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