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Raúl Alfredo Borracci,Graciana Ciambrone,José María Alvarez Gallesio 한국보건의료인국가시험원 2020 보건의료교육평가 Vol.17 No.-
Purpose: Moral courage refers to the conviction to take action on one’s ethical beliefs despite the risk of adverse consequences. Thisstudy aimed to evaluate correlations between social desirability scores and moral courage scores among medical residents and fellows,and to explore gender- and specialty-based differences in moral courage scores. Methods: In April 2018, the Moral Courage Scale for Physicians (MCSP), the Professional Moral Courage (PMC) scale and the Marlowe-Crowne scale to measure social desirability were administered to 87 medical residents from Hospital Alemán in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Results: The Cronbach α coefficients were 0.78, 0.74, and 0.81 for the Marlowe-Crowne, MCSP, and PMC scales, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that moral courage scores were weakly correlated with social desirability scores, while both moral couragescales were strongly correlated with each other. Physicians who were training in a surgical specialty showed lower moral courage scoresthan nonsurgical specialty trainees, and men from any specialty tended to have lower moral courage scores than women. Specifically, individuals training in surgical specialties ranked lower on assessments of the “multiple values,” “endurance of threats,” and “going beyondcompliance” dimensions of the PMC scale. Men tended to rank lower than women on the “multiple values,” “moral goals,” and “endurance of threats” dimensions. Conclusion: There was a poor correlation between 2 validated moral courage scores and social desirability scores among medical residents and fellows in Argentina. Conversely, both moral courage tools showed a close correlation and concordance, suggesting that thesescales are reasonably interchangeable.
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Raúl Alfredo Borracci,Eduardo Benigno Arribalzaga,Jorge Thierer 한국보건의료인국가시험원 2020 보건의료교육평가 Vol.17 No.-
Purpose: The framing effect refers to a phenomenon wherein, when the same problem is presented using different representations ofinformation, people make significant changes in their decisions. This study aimed to explore whether the framing effect could be reduced in medical students and residents by teaching them the statistical concepts of effect size, probability, and sampling for use in themedical decision-making process. Methods: Ninety-five second-year medical students and 100 second-year medical residents of Austral University and Buenos AiresUniversity, Argentina were invited to participate in the study between March and June 2017. A questionnaire was developed to assessthe different types of framing effects in medical situations. After an initial administration of the survey, students and residents weretaught statistical concepts including effect size, probability, and sampling during 2 individual independent official biostatistics courses. After these interventions, the same questionnaire was randomly administered again, and pre- and post-intervention outcomes werecompared among students and residents. Results: Almost every type of framing effect was reproduced either in the students or in the residents. After teaching medical studentsand residents the analytical process behind statistical concepts, a significant reduction in sample-size, risky-choice, pseudo-certainty,number-size, attribute, goal, and probabilistic formulation framing effects was observed. Conclusion: The decision-making of medical students and residents in simulated medical situations may be affected by different framedescriptions, and these framing effects can be partially reduced by training individuals in probability analysis and statistical samplingmethods.
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