http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Borowiak Anna 아시아·중동부유럽학회 2009 동유럽발칸학 Vol.11 No.1
본 연구는 다양한 외국어들이 과거부터 현재까지 폴란드어에 끼친 영향과 그 범위에 대해 형용사를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 가장 먼저 폴란드인 언어학자에 따른 차용어, 즉 외래어의 개념 및 분류에 관한 설명 및 역사적인 관점에서 외국어들이 폴란드어에 미쳐온 영향을 간단하게 제시한다. 본 연구는 크게 두 부분으로 나뉜다. 첫 번째는 고대 언어 (라틴어와 그리스어)와 현대 언어(프랑스어, 독일어, 러시아어 그리고 영어)들이 폴란드어의 어휘부에 끼친 영향에 초점을 맞추었다. 두 번째는 어휘론 이외에도 형태론, 즉 파생법(특히 접두 파생법)과 합성법에 의한 어휘 형성에 있어 외국어가 폴란드어에 끼친 영향에 대해 조명해 보았다. 이외에도 외국어의 영향으로 인한 폴란드어 형용사의 문법적 특징의 변화에 대해서도 구체적으로 살펴보았다. The aim of this study is to analyze the scope of the influence of foreign languages on the Polish Language with the focus on adjectives. The study consists of two main sections and a brief introduction. The introduction explains the definition of loanwords and their classification, according to a scheme devised by Polish scholars. It also contains a short history of the general influence of foreign languages on Polish. The first section describes the direct influence of two ancient languages, namely Latin and Greek, as well as modern languages such as French, German, Russian and English on the Polish vocabulary, sometimes mixed with an indirect influence from the ancient languages mentioned above. The second section concentrates on the consequences of that influence and shows their scale, which manifests itself not only by a large number of internationalisms, which can be found not only in large numbers in Polish lexicon, but also in word-formation and some grammatical aspects of adjectives as well. As far as word-formation is concerned, the strong influence can be found in derivation (especially in prefixal type) and, to a considerable extent, in composition. Furthermore, the foreign language influences on Polish are easily noticeable in comparing the grammatical aspects of adjectives borrowed in their original form and those of Polish origin used in the Polish Language.
보로비악 안나(Borowiak Anna) 한국슬라브유라시아학회 2010 슬라브학보 Vol.25 No.3
The aim of this study is the analysis of the group of lexical markers of parameterization of the world with the focus on unconventional units of measure used with concrete nouns in the Polish language. Since classifiers used as unconventional units of measure in the Polish language are mainly common nouns, not only do they decline in order to distinguish case and number, but they have an inherent gender as well. Describing mainly uncountable nouns and groups or bigger numbers of countable nouns, the classifier becomes a constituent of an NP along with a numeral and an optional adjective. However, in some cases of uncountable nouns, especially in the spoken language, classifiers can be omitted. A classifier is also omitted when it takes the singular numeral ‘one’(jeden/ jedna/ jedno). It means that there are four basic types of NPs with classifiers; they are ‘Q-A-Cl-UN[CN]Gen’, ‘Q-Cl-UN[CN]Gen’, ‘A-Cl-UN[CN]Gen’ and ‘Cl-UN[CN]Gen’. Since classifiers are auto-semantic words in the sentence structure, they can themselves become the subject or the object- direct or indirect one. Semantically, not only do they enable nouns to be counted, but some of them also categorize the referent in terms of shape, size and other inherent properties. On the basis of their distributional characteristics, it is easily noticeable that some of them appear with only one particular referent, while others with numerous referents of the same class, or even of the different ones.
The catalytic potential of high-κ dielectrics for graphene formation
Scott, Andrew,Dianat, Arezoo,Bö,rrnert, Felix,Bachmatiuk, Alicja,Warner, Jamie H.,Borowiak-Paleń,, Ewa,Knupfer, Martin,Bü,chner, Bernd,Cuniberti, Gianaurelio,Rü,mmeli, Mark H. American Institute of Physics 2011 APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS Vol.98 No.7