Analysis of Functional Electrical Stimulation Parameters by Muscular Contraction Time and Knee Joint Angular Variation

Eddy Krueger,Eduardo Borba Neves,Percy Nohama,Eduardo Mendonça Scheeren,Guilherme Nunes Nogueira-Neto,Vera Lúcia da Silveira Nantes Button 대한의용생체공학회 2013 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.3 No.1

Purpose In the present study, five FES profiles were compared in order to find the best combination of activeperiod and burst frequency that might artificially sustain muscle contraction for the longest time with the lowest knee joint variation. Methods Spinal cord injured volunteers (N=10) participated in this study. The frequency of each FES profile was 1 kHz with variable pulse active period (100 μs or 200 μs) and pulse inactive period (900 μs or 800 μs). The setup burst frequencies had either 50 Hz (3 ms active time and 17 ms rest time) or 70 Hz (3 ms active time and 11 ms rest time). Results The best results were obtained to FES profiles P2(burst frequency of 70 Hz and pulse active period of 100 μs),P3 (burst frequency of 50 Hz and pulse active period of 200 μs) and P4 (burst frequency of 70 Hz and pulse active period of 200 μs). Conclusions In order to maintain the SCIV´s knee angle with minimal variation, the best results occurred with the application of P2, P3 and P4 FES profiles.

Extraction of Carotenoids from Phaffia rhodozyma: A Comparison between Different Techniques of Cell Disruption

Mariano Michelon,Thais de Matos de Borba,Ruan da Silva Rafael,Carlos André Veiga Burkert,Janaína Fernandes de Medeiros Burkert 한국식품과학회 2012 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.21 No.1

The yeast Phaffia rhodozyma is known for producing carotenogenic pigments, commonly used in aquaculture feed formulation as well as in cosmetic,pharmaceutical, and food industries. Despite the high production of carotenoids from microorganisms by biotechnology, their use has limitation due to the cell wall resistance, which constitutes a barrier to the bioavailability of carotenoids. Therefore, there is a need to improve carotenoids recovering technique from microorganisms for the application of food industries. This study aimed to compare mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic techniques of cell disruption for extracting carotenoids produced by P. rhodozyma NRRL Y-17268. Among the techniques studied, the highest specific concentration of carotenoids (190.35 μg/g) resulted from the combined techniques of frozen biomass maceration using diatomaceous earth and enzymatic lysis at pH of the reaction medium of 4.5 at 55oC, with initial activity of β-1,3 glucanase of 0.6 U/mL for 30 min.

Digital Video Festivals and Mathematics: Changes in the Classroom of the 21st Century

Nilton Silveira Domingues,Marcelo C. Borba 대한수학교육학회 2021 수학교육학연구 Vol.31 No.3

This paper aims to present how video production is impacting the classroom, mathematics students and teachers in Brazil, as well as mathematics knowledge production developed with this media. Digital video Festivals with mathematical content are being implemented in Brazil, locally and nationally. One of them is Mathematics Education Digital Video Festival, organized by the Research Group in Informatics, Other Media and Mathematics Education, GPIMEM. In this century, video is earning space as a pedagogical approach in either face-to-face or distance education, even before the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, considering social distance, the use of videos became an imposed reality to students and teachers. Students and teachers with different level of experience or age started to realize possible positive effects regarding the reorganization of the classroom by the presence of mathematical videos. However, other aspects provided negative effects: for example, inequalities in homes and mobile access impacted equal opportunity to all. This paper will summarize the use of mathematical video in the last century and discuss what is happening this century. We will revise some research developed, mainly in Brazil, that shows how the classroom does not fit in a parallelepiped model. Internet, videos and software combined are “things” that have agency and are co-participating in learning and teaching mathematics. The organization of festivals of videos have become important not only in Brazil but elsewhere in many formats either nationally or internationally, in a way to create challenges, exhibitions, cultural mix that aim to show mathematics applications to the general public. In particular, this article reports on parts of a qualitative research that investigated participants of the first edition of the referred national festival. As a result, we look for the comprehension of following the discussions of qualitative transformations regarding the use of videos in classrooms and mathematics knowledge production, as this new setting suggests that digital technologies arrived in XXI century to collaborate with learning. This article will be supported by a theoretical perspective on technology based on the notion of humans-with- media. In such a perspective knowledge is seen as being constructed by humans and different media and different artifacts. This article shows how such a perspective may help us to cope with the classroom of the XXI century, including the classroom that during the pandemic include students’ and teachers’ homes.

Predicting lipoabdominoplasty complications with infrared thermography: a delta-R analysis

Resende, Patricia Rodrigues,Brioschi, Marcos Leal,Meneck, Franciele De,Neves, Eduardo Borba,Teixeira, Manoel Jacobsen Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2021 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.48 No.5

The diagnosis of the main complications resulting from lipoabdominoplasty has not yet been standardized. Infrared thermal imaging has been used to assess possible complications, such as necrosis and changes in micro- and macro-circulation, based on perforator mapping techniques, among others. The objective of this study was to present two clinical cases involving thermal imaging monitoring of the healing process of lipoabdominoplasty in the immediate postoperative evaluation and its preliminary results. Infrared thermography was performed 24 hours after the operation and on postoperative days 5, 25, and 27. In clinical case 1, it was found that the delta-R (∆T_R)-defined as the difference in minimum temperature between the highest and lowest points in the SA3 region (caution suction area) following the classification established by Matarasso-was 0.4℃ at 24 hours after surgery and decreased to 0.1℃ on a postoperative day 5. There were no complications in this case. In contrast, in clinical case 2, the ∆T_R was 1.7℃ at 24 hours after surgery (upon hospital discharge) and remained high, at 2.2℃, on postoperative day 5. A higher ∆T_R was found in the second patient, who developed necrosis of the surgical wound. The ∆T_R thermal index may be a new tool for predicting possible complications, complementing the clinical evaluation and therapeutic decision-making.

Use of the β-Cyclodextrin Additive as a Good Alternative for the Substitution of Environmentally Harmful Additives in Industrial Dyeing Processes

Bruna Thaisa Martins Ferreira,Fernando Rodolfo Espinoza-Quiñones,Carlos Eduardo Borba,Aparecido Nivaldo Módenes,Washington Luiz Félix Santos,Fabricio Maestá Bezerra 한국섬유공학회 2020 Fibers and polymers Vol.21 No.6

In this work, the substitution of environmentally harmful additives in the industrial dyeing process of polyamide-6microfiber-made knitted fabrics (PA-6μFKF) was studied. Using the disperse red 60 (DR60) dye, kinetic adsorption tests onthe PA-6μFKF dyeing were performed by using either β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) additive, commercial leveling agents, orwithout additives. Equilibrium tests were also performed during 25 h. A modelling based on a dye adsorption processcontrolled by an intraparticle diffusion was proposed to represent the sets of kinetic data. Three isotherm models were alsotested for representing the equilibrium data. The kinetic data have evidenced three main dye diffusion zones. Differentadsorption mechanisms on PA-6μFKF surface dyeing was evidenced, being the data well represented by the two-stepLangmuir isotherm. Finally, the best quality on color uniformity was attained using the β-CD additive, revealing a goodalternative for the substitution of environmentally harmful additives in industrial dyeing processes.

In vivo Characterization of the Electrical Impedance between the Electrodes of the Electronic Foramen Locators

Humberto R. Gamba,Marcos V. H. Rambo,Gustavo B. Borba,Joaquim M. Maia,Carlos A. S. Ramos 대한의용생체공학회 2013 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.3 No.3

Purpose Electronic foramen locators are widely used to locate the apical foramen (AF), by measuring the electrical impedance between the electrodes (ZE). There is no in vivo study that completely characterizes ZE as a function of frequency and endodontic file tip position. The results of in vivo studies of the impedance ZE and a coefficient that can be used to locate the AF are presented. Methods An electronic device was specially built to study ZE. Ten root canals were used in the experiment. The spectral attenuation of ZE was in vivo measured with the endodontic file tip placed at -3.0, -2.5, -2.0, -1.5, -1.0, -0.5 and zero millimeters from the root canal AF. At each file position the spectrum attenuation was modeled. Based on the attenuation models an endodontic spectral attenuation coefficient (ESAC)was defined. Results The in vivo results demonstrate that the spectral attenuation of the electrical impedance ZE has an exponential decay in the frequency range of the study. It was verified that ESAC can be correlated to the distance between the endodontic file tip and the apical foramen. The ESAC accuracy was assessed and the results showed that it can locate the AF with accuracy better than 0.5mm. Conclusions The spectral attenuation of ZE has an exponential decay for all file tip distances from the AF. It supports the feasibility of ESAC to accurately locate the root canal AF. Moreover, using frequencies steps of one octave makes the implementation of ESAC in an embedded system easier.

CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS OF FEEDING AND LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY IN SHRIMP Litopenaeus vannamei

Rodrigo Fortes da Silva,Aline dos Anjos Santos,Silvan Vianna do Valle,Jessica Cerqueira dos Santos,Alice Borba Baiao 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2015 한국수산과학회 양식분과 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.5

Evaluation of microbiological, cellular and risk factors associated with subclinical mastitis in female buffaloes

de Oliveira Moura, Emmanuella,do Nascimento Rangel, Adriano Henrique,de Melo, Maria Celeste Nunes,Borba, Luiz Henrique Fernandes,de Lima, Dorgival Morais Junior,Novaes, Luciano Patto,Urbano, Stela Ant Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.9

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological and cellular milk profile for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in female buffaloes and to assess risk factors for predisposition of the disease. Methods: Analyses were carried out by standard plate count (SPC), identification of species and antibiotic resistance, somatic cell count (SCC), electrical electrical conductivity of milk (ECM), and lactoferrin content in milk. Teat cups were swabbed to evaluate risk factors, observing hyperkeratosis, milking vacuum pressure and cleanliness of the site. Hence, 30 female buffaloes were randomly selected (15 from a group in early lactation and 15 in late lactation). Results: The most common bacteria in the microbiological examination were Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. and Corynebacterium sp. In the antibiotic sensitivity test, 10 (58.82%) of the 17 antibiotics tested were sensitive to all isolates, and resistant bacteria were Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus haemolyticus, and Escherichia coli. It was observed that positive samples in the microbiological examination showed total bacterial count between $9.10{\times}10^3$ to $6.94{\times}10^6$ colony forming units/mL, SCC between 42,000 to 4,320,000 cells/mL and ECM ranging from 1.85 to 7.40 mS/cm. It was also found that the teat cups had high microbial counts indicating poor hygiene, and even faults in the cleanliness of the animals' waiting room were observed. It is concluded that values of SCC above 537,000 cells/mL and ECM above 3.0 mS/mL are indications of mammary gland infection for this herd; however, the association of these values with a microbiological analysis is necessary to more accurately evaluate the health status of mammary glands with subclinical mastitis. Conclusion: Through phenotypic characterization of bacteria involved in the samples, the genera Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., and Corynebacterimum bovis were the most prevalent in this study. Faults in environment and equipment hygienization are factors that are directly associated with mastitis.

Effect of the type of resin cement on the fracture resistance of chairside CAD-CAM materials after aging

Laura Vitória Rizzatto,Daniel Meneghetti,Marielle Di Domênico,Júlia Cadorin Facenda,Katia Raquel Weber,Pedro Henrique Corazza,Márcia Borba 대한치과보철학회 2023 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.15 No.3

Purpose. The study objective was to evaluate the influence of the type of resin cement on the flexural strength and load to fracture of two chairside CAD-CAM materials after aging. Materials and Methods. A polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) and a nanoceramic resin (RNC) were used to produce the specimens. Two types of dual-cure resin cements, a self-adhesive and a universal, were investigated. Bilayer specimens were produced (n = 10) and aged for 6 months in a humid environment before the biaxial flexural strength test (σf). Bonded specimens were subjected to a mechanical aging protocol (50 N, 2 Hz, 37°C water, 500,000 cycles) before the compressive load test (Lf). σf and Lf data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = .05). Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between failure mode and experimental group (α = .05). Results. The type of resin cement and the interaction between factors had no effect on the σf and Lf of the specimens, while the type of restorative material was significant. RNC had higher σf and Lf than PICN. There was a significant association among the type of cracks identified for specimens tested in Lf and the restorative material. Conclusion. The type of resin cement had no effect on the flexural strength and load to fracture of the two investigated CAD-CAM chairside materials after aging.

Microstructure and Physical–Mechanical Properties of (TiAlSiY)N Nanostructured Coatings Under Different Energy Conditions

K. V. Smyrnova,A. D. Pogrebnjak,V. M. Beresnev,S. V. Litovchenko,S. O. Borba‑Pogrebnjak,A. S. Manokhin,S. A. Klimenko,B. Zhollybekov,A. I. Kupchishin,Ya. O. Kravchenko,O. V. Bondar 대한금속·재료학회 2018 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.24 No.5

Nanostructured multicomponent (TiAlSiY)N coatings were fabricated by the cathodic-arc physical vapor deposition (CAPVD). In this study, a bias potential applied to the substrate was − 200 and − 500 V, and changes in structure and propertiesof coatings were investigated. Samples had a single-phase state with a face-centered cubic (FCC) lattice. Small crystallitesof about 7.5 nm and texture with [110] axis were observed at − 500 V. However, lower bias potential resulted in the formationof crystallites of about 41.6 nm with [111] preferred orientation. Moreover, coatings were characterized by superhardstate and demonstrated low wear, high abrasion and crack resistance. The testing of the polycrystalline cubic boron nitride(PCBN) cutting inserts covered with (TiAlSiY)N revealed an increase in the tool life coeffi cient during cutting by 1.66times in comparison with the base tool material. Therefore, (TiAlSiY)N coating is a perspective material for application asa protective layer in cutting tools.