건식법에 의해 제작된 습도센서 개발

이붕주 남서울대학교 2007 남서울대학교 논문집 Vol.13 No.4

The purpose of this paper is to establish the optimum fabricating conditionof sensors using vapor deposition polymerization method(VDPM) whichbelongs to a mode of preparation of functional organic thin films with dryprocess and to develop thin film type humidity sensor which has goodhumidity sensitive characteristics. The sysnthesis of PMDA(pyromelliticdianhydride) and 4,4′- diaminodiphenyl ether(DDE) was carried out byVDP. The deposited thin films are the polyamic acid(PAA) thin films whichwere changed to polyimide(PI) by thermal curing. The basic structure of thehumidity sensor is a parallel capacitor which consists of three layers ofAl/PI/Al. As a results of those, the characteristics of fabricated sampleswere measured under various conditions, and obtained linear characteristicsand low hysteresis characteristic(±2%RH). Key Words : Polyimide(PI), Humidity sensor, VDPM

감지물질의 저항감소를 위한 후막형 가스센서 개발

이붕주 남서울대학교 2008 남서울대학교 논문집 Vol.14 No.-

For practical application as a low-resistivity gas sensor, SnO2 thick films semiconductor type gas sensor has studied and fabricated using screen printing technology. As a function of Sb2O3 and Sb2O5 addition in SnO2, the grain size was increases, while the porosity and initial resistance of thick film were rapidly decreased. In this time, resistivity decreasing effect with Sb2O3 doping was bigger than that of Sb2O5 doping. The fabricated gas sensor cured at 850 [℃] and doped 5 [mole %] Sb2O3 had a best gas sensing characteristic and low-resistivity properties. From these results, it is conformed that SnO2 gas sensing properties with low-resistivity could be approved by Sb2O3 doping. Key Words : Gas sensor, Sb2O3, SnO2

소아청소년 정신의학에서의 뇌영상연구

김봉년,김예니 大韓神經精神醫學會 2007 신경정신의학 Vol.46 No.4

Brain imaging techniques in child and adolescent psychiatry are developing at an astonishing speed. Neuroimaging techniques in the field of psychiatry have yielded many meaningful and significant scientific results. Until 1980's, its application in child and adolescent psychiatry has been somewhat limited by technical and ethical reasons. Recently, however, there are cascade of neuroimaging studies in the field of child and adolescent psychiatry owing to rapid progression of the technical aspect of imaging and confirmation ofthe safety of human young subjects. In this article, we summarize scientific results in neuroimaging of child and adolescent psychiatric field from early 1990's up until now. We described the advantages, disadvantages and application of diverse structural and functional imaging techniques and suggest future prospect on imaging techniques.

公園綠地의 物理的 空間構成에 따른 利用者 反應에 關한 硏究

嚴鳳勳 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1987 연구논문집 Vol.35 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the user's response to physical conditions of apaces in park and green environment. In this study, the types of spaces such as Sports Type, Play Type, Ornamental Type and Repose Type were categorized hypothetically based on activity pattern and physical characteristics. The major findings are as follows. 1) Activity Pattern: In case of on site survey, based on management situation, passive activities such as relazation and chat were major part of activities. This means that out park spaces are managed as a gardenesque park. But, in case of control group by color slide simulation, the activity pattern showed exact coincidence with the hypothetical activity pattern of each space type, Therefore, the hypothetical space types were proved to be valid. 2) User Group size: The average size of user group for Sports Type spaces were 10 to 15 people, which showed most public use, and play Type spaces were 5~6 peoples. Ornamental Type and Repose Type spaces showed similar group size of 2~3 peoples. 3) Average Use Duration: The average duration of use for Sports Type spaces was about 2 hours, Play spaces was 1 hour and 30 min., and Repose Type spaces was about 50 min. And Ornamental Type spaces showed the shortest use time of 10 to 30 min. 4) Based on perceived quality of each space, Sports Type apaces were most preferred, play Type and Repose Type spaces in order. and Ornamental Type spaces were least preferred, because it is too common in this country. 5) Factors consisting the quality of park spaces are form attributes, beauty, balance, Accessibility and naturalness etc. And the preference was affected by stability, beauty, interest and naturalness etc. 6) Factors affecting the perceived quality and preference were differed by the type of spaces. And these factors can be useful design criteria for user oriented park design approaches.

大邱市民의 綠地意識 및 公園綠地 政策方向에 關한 硏究

嚴鵬勳 효성여자대학교 새마을연구소 1988 새마을硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.-

This study was carried out to investigate the citizen's attitudes and planning policies of park and open space system in Taegu City. And the findings of this study can be practical and useful guidance for park and open space planning. A questionnarie survey was performed and total no. of 489 answered questionnaires were analyzed. The major findings are as fellows ; 1. The user's feeling on the amount of park and open spaces were appeared to be deficient in general. As it goes to young age and high educated classes, the feeling of deficiency became more strong. This means the demand of park and open space will be sharply increased in soon. 2. The attitudes towards the major functions of parks and open spaces were changing from conventional static recreation use to psychological effects

大邱市 公園綠地의 灣足度評價 및 綠地意識에 關한 硏究

嚴鵬勳 효성여자대학교 새마을연구소 1986 새마을硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-

This stuudy was carried out to evaluate the citizen, s (user's) satisfaction and attitude toward park and open space system in Taegu-City.For more harmonius and user oriented park and open space planniing,this study can proride a basic information. The major findings are asfollows. 1. The satisfaction level of overall park and open space system wascomparatively low. Especially, waterside recreation ground and diversity were eraluated as low. And by the result of factor andlysis andmultiple regression analysis, the variables such as amount of forestand natural parks etc. are most important variables in evaluation ofoverall satisfaction. 2. According to the free response, the satisfaction level was highin grand natural parks such as Apsan Park, Dooryu Park. But it wasvery low in waterside recreation grourds and central city parks suchas Dongchon recreation ground, Shincheon riverside area, CentralPark and Hwawon recreation ground etc. respectively. 3. The satisfaction level of park and open space system in near byresidential areas was resonably low. Especially, children's playground,diversity and amount of forest were evaluated as low. And thevariables such as diversity, children's playground, accessibility etc.are the most important variables in evaluation of overall satisfaction. 4. As the result of citizen's attitude toward parks and open spaces,passive recreation use and psychological effect were regarded as themost important functions of parks and open spaces. Aud lawn areas(wiese), gloves (wald) and water (wasser) are regarded as the mostimportant elements in parks and open spaces respectively.

주의력결핍 / 과잉운동장애에서의 뇌혈류 이상

김붕년,이동수,조수철 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.2

연구목적: 순수 주의력결핍/과잉운동장애(pure attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder : 이하 ADHD)로 진단된 환아군 21명과 성병, 나이, 지능지수 및 학력을 일치시킨 정상대조군 아동 11명을 연구 대상으로 하여, 양군간의 뇌 단일 광전자 방출 전산화 단층촬영(Tc-99m-HMPAO Brain Single Photon Em-ission Computed Tomography : 이하 brain SPECT)을 실행하였고, 이 두군간 뇌 혈류 분포의 특성 차이를 조사하였다. 이를 통해 ADHD의 병태생리 규명을 이한 뇌 긴을 영상적 접근을 시도하였다. 방법: DSM-IV의 진단 기준과 타당도 및 신뢰도가 확립된 평가척도, 그리고 여러 심리검사 도구를 사용하여 다른 공존 장애를 배제한 ADHD 환아군 21명을 연구 대상으로 하였다. 환아군은 연구 시작 전부터 약뮬에 노출된 적이 전혀 없는 아동들이었다. 환아군에대해서는 아동용 지능검사, 루리아 네브라스카 신경심리검사를 실시하였고 행동이상에관한 정보를 얻기위해, 부모와 선생님을 대상으로 해서 각종 행동평가 척도를 적용하였다. 모든 환아군은 brain SPECT를 촬영하였고, 각 환아의 영상중 안와외이공선에서 20, 40, 60mm 떨어진 단면들을 골라 관심 영역법에의해 정량화 분석을 하였다. 대조군은 과거 5년간 brain SPECT를 촬영한 아동중, 환아군과 성별, 연령, 지능지수, 학력등이 일치하고, 뇌의 기능적 이상이 없다고 확인된 아동 11명을 대조군에 포함시켰다. 대조군 아동의 영상도 역시 같은 방법으로 정량화 하였다. 결과: 관심영역 정량화 방법을 통하여, 정산대조군과 ADHD 환아군 사이의 각 영역별 뇌 혈류계수비를 비교해 본 결과, 전두엽과 기저핵 및 시상에서의 차이가 통계적으로 유의하였다. 이 부위에서의 차이는 Bonferroni correction 후에도 계속 그 유의성이 유지되었다. 이외에 두정엽과 측두엽의 일부에서도 차이를 보여 주었지만, Bonferroni correction 후에는 그 유의성이 사라졌다. 결론: 본 연구를 통해, ADHD환아군의 시상, 기저핵, 전두엽에서 유의미한 뇌 혈류량의 감소 소견, 즉, 뇌기능 저하 소견이 발견된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 이들 영역에서의 기능 저하 소견은 그간 알려진 ADHD의 병태생리 가설과 연관된다고 할 수 있다. Objectives: This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) might have distinctive findings from normal controls in brain Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography(SPET) and to figure out the possible pathophysiology of this disorder. Methods: By DSM-IV criteria, we selected 21 pure ADHD through various assessment scales, psychometric tools and neuropsychological battery. All the patients were studied by 99m Tc-HMPAO Brain SPECT. Three transaxial brain slices delineating anatomically defined region of interest at approximately 2, 4, 6cm above the orbitomeatal line were used with the average number of counts for ezch region of interest normalized to the area of cerbral maximal uptake. Eleven normal controls were recruited from age, sex, IQ- matched children whose previous SPECT findings had been normal. Results: Compating ADHD group and control, we found highly significantly decreased cererbral blood flow in both frontal lobes, caudate nuclei and thalamus in ADHD group. Addtionally, ADHD group showed reduction of blool flow in some parietal and temporal lobe areas compared with normal group, but the statistical significance in parietal and temporal areas was vanished after Bonferrroni correction due to multiple comparison. Conclusions: These findings implied that the rCBF reduction in ADHD in frontal lobe, caudate and thalamic areas might be related with the pathophysiogy of ADHD.

주의력 결핍/과잉 운동 장애에서의 정량화 뇌파 소견

김붕년,권준수,신민섭,조수철,홍강의 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.1

연구목적 : 주의력 결핍/과잉 운동 장애(ADHD) 환아군과 나이 및 성별을 일치시킨 정상 대조군간의 정량화 뇌파 소견상에서의 차이를 규명하여 ADHD의 병태생리를 시경생리학적인 견지에서 이해하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 스펙트럼 뇌파 분석법을 이용하여, 20명의 약물 비노출 ADHD 환아군과 20명의 정상 대조군간에 차이를 보았다. 분석영역은 8개의 양극성 영역으로, 알파, 베타, 델타, 쎄타등 4개의 주파수 영역에 대해 각각 상대력(relative power), 반구간 비대칭성(interhemispheric asymmetry), 반구간 동시성(interhemispheric coherence)의 값을 구하여, student t-test로 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 : 1) 상대력에 있어서, 환아군이 대조군에 비해 베타파는 두정- 후두엽, 중심역에서 유의하게 감소된 소견을 보였으며, 델타파에 있어서는 전두-측두엽, 두정-후두엽, 중심역 등 다양한 영역에서 증가 소견을 보여, 같은 나이의 대조군에 비해 유의하게 미성숙한 뇌파 양상 보여주었다. 2) 양반구간 동시성에 있어서는 환아군이 대조군에 비해, 베타파에서 유의한 감소 소견을 보여 주었고, 쎄타파에서도 일부 영역에서 감소 소견을 보여 주었다. 이러한 양상은 양반구의 기능적 결합도에 문제가 있음을 나타내는 소견으로 판단된다. 3) 양반구간 비대칭도 평가에 있어서는, 환아군에서 우측의 기능 저하로 인한, 비대칭도 증가 소견을 몇몇 영역에서 보여 주었는데, 베타파는 두정-후두엽, 델타파는 두정-후두-측두엽 등에서 였다. 결 론 : 이러한 주의력 결핍/과잉 운동 장애 환아군과 정상 대조군의 차이는 기존의 뇌 영상학 연구 및 신경 심리 연구 결과와 일치하는 소견이며, 뇌파의 미성숙과 우반구 기능이상 가설을 지지하는 소견이라고 생각된다. Objectives : To find out the distinctive topographic EEG profiles of subject with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder comparing with age & sex matched control. Methods : The quantitative electroencephalographies(QEEGs) of 20 drug-native ADHD patients without any other psychiatric diagnosis were analyzed and compared to age and sex-matched controls using spectral analysis. Results : 1) Slow waves(delta and theta) bipolar relative powers of the diverse areas in both hemispheres increased in drug-free ADHD patients, compared to controls. 2) Delta and theta bipolar relative powers of localized centro-temporal areas in left hemispheres increased in drug free ADHD patients compared to controls. 3) Interhemispheric coherence and asymmetry are increased in diverse areas in ADHD patient compared to controls. Conclusions : We confirmed QEEG abnormalities in pure ADHD patients, especially in frontal and parietal areas. These results are compatible with other structural and functional imaging studies of ADHD.

公園잔디空間 利用者의 「레크리에이션」滿足度에 關한 硏究

嚴鵬勳 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1995 연구논문집 Vol.50 No.1

This study was carried out to analyze the user's perception of recreation satisfactio n of lawn areas in park. The study is based on the on-site questionnaire survey, which is composed of three parts ; general attributes of respondents, analysis of perceived crowding and analysis of recreation satisfaction. The surey sites were lawn areas in 〈Doturag World〉and 〈Seorabul Plaza〉in Kyung-ju. This article deals with the recreation satisfaction model as a part of the study. The results were as follows: 1. According to mean values in recreation satisfaction by each space and each variables, size of lawn areas(X6) and surrouding landscape(X4) were estimated highly. But, convenience facilities(X7) were estimated as the lowest. Total satifaction(X10)was 4.45, which is ‘slightly satisfied’level. 2. In consideration of the form of lawn areas, no significant difference was found by each space in recreation satisfsction. 3. There were 3 factor groups of variables in receration satisfaction. This result meets the hypothetical type of factors, but in detail, there were no correspondence in group of each factor. 4. By the results of the regression analysis, total satisfaction was affected by the convenience facilities(X7), other user's activity(X3), and the use density(X1) in 〈Doturag World〉. In〈Seorabul Plaza〉, the use density(X1), the size of lawn areas(X6), and the convenience facilities(X7) influenced the total recreation satisfaction. 5. In total site, total recreation satisfaction(X10) was affected by the convenience facilities(X7), other user's activity(X3), use density(X1), and cleanness(X5). And R²of the regression model was 0.3622.

수종의 클래스프의 언더커트에 따른 인장력에 관한 연구

김붕환,조인호 단국대학교 치의학연구소 1996 논문집 Vol.8 No.1

A fundamental princlple in clasp selection for a specific abutment is the reduction of the transmission of excessive forces to the abutment tooth. Those forces include tilting, tipping, and stress on the abutment tooth. The flexibility of a clasp was believed to directly affect the reduction of such forces. Opinions have been expressed concerning the proper type of clasp to be used to prevent stress on periodontium. In order to evaluate and compare the various designs of a clasp system, it is necessary to measure these forces. This study compared the average measurements of forces required to dislodge three kinds of circumferential clasps having different amount of undercuts : the first with a round retentive arm, the second with a half round retentive arm, the third with a wrought wire retentive arm under tensile load. Three commonly used undercuts(0.01, 0.02, 0.03 inch) were created on nine cast crowns, premolars and molars. The test was run six times for a same clasp. The means of tensile load required to dislodge each of the different clasps were compared statistically using the ANOVA test and multiple range test (Duncan test). The results were as follows. 1. The amount of tensile load of the wrought wire clasp was significantly different from the cast round or half round clasp(p<0.05). 2. The more amount of the undercut, the more tensile load was needed to dislodge the clasps. There were significant differences among them(p<0.05). 3. The molar showed higher tensile load than the premolar, and there was significant difference(p<0.05). 4. The means of tensile load according to clasp types showed significant differences at the molar between wrought wire clasp and cast clasp(p<0.05), but did not at the premolar.