최한기의 도덕지식론 연구

강봉수 ( Kang¸ Bong-soo ) 한국윤리교육학회 2021 윤리교육연구 Vol.0 No.59

이 글은 최한기의 도덕지식론을 연구한 것이다. 최한기는 인간이 선험적으로 도덕성을 가지고 태어난 것이 아니라 사람들과 더불어 사는 후천적 경험을 통하여 습득한다는 도덕외재론을 주장한다. 도덕의 원천은 내면적 덕성이 아니라 밖으로부터 주어진 옳고 그름의 원리들이다. 옳은 행위가 선과 이득을 산출한다. 그는 옳고 그름의 도덕원리들을 존재의 법칙으로부터 추측해낼 수 있다고 여긴다. 세상의 존재법칙에는 우주·만물·인간을 관통하는 보편적 이치인 운화지리가 있고, 만물과 인간들이 개별적으로 타고나는 유행지리가 있다. 만물들은 주어진 유행지리에 따라 살아갈 뿐이지만, 인간은 신기의 마음능력으로 존재법칙을 따를 수도 어길 수도 넘어설 수도 있는 존재이다. 운화에 승순하는 삶, 이것이 인간이 살면서 따라야 할 인기운화의 인도이다. 인간에게 부여된 유행지리인 물리와 인정을 추측하여 인도를 정립해야 한다. 이것이 예율과 오륜 등의 사회 인습적 도덕규범이다. 더 나아가 인간에게 주어진 우주적 사명을 다하기 위해서는 천기와 인기가 일치하는 천인운화에 승순해야 하고, 이를 위해서는 운화지리를 발견하고, 이로부터 보편적 도덕원리를 통찰할 수 있어야 한다. 이것이 인(仁)의 생명사랑 원리이다. 예율과 오륜 등의 도덕규범은 사회과학적 사실에 토대하여 제정할 수 있다. 그러나 인의 생명사랑 원리는 오직 직관적 통찰을 통하여 깨달을 수밖에 없는 도덕적 지식의 영역이다. 이것이 최한기가 구축했던 도덕지식론이다. This article explores Choi Han-ki(崔漢綺)'s theory of moral knowledge. He argues that humans are not born with morality a priori, but are acquired through acquired experiences of living with people. The source of morality is not the inner virtue, but the principles of right and wrong given from the outside. Right behavior produces good and profit. He believes that the moral principles of right and wrong can be inferred from the laws of Sein. In the laws of Sein of the world, there is Unhwajili(運化之理) which is a universal reason that penetrates all things in the universe, and there is Yuhaengjili(流行之理) in which all things and humans are individually born. All things only live according to the given Yuhaengjili(流行之理), but humans are beings who can follow, break, or surpass the laws of Sein with their magical mind power. A life that ascends to Unhwa(運化), this is the laws of Sollen of Ingiunhwau(人氣運化) that humans must follow. The laws of Sollen must be established by guessing physics and humaneness which are Yuhaengjili(流行之理) given to humans. This is the customary moral norms of Yeyul(禮律; Code of etiquette & law) and Wuryun(五倫; Five code of moral). Furthermore, in order to fulfill the cosmic mission given to humans, it is necessary to ascend to the Heaven and Human Unhwa(天人運化), it is necessary to discover the Unhwajili(運化之理) and to gain insight into universal moral principles from this. This is the principle of Jen(仁) for life love. Moral norms such as Yeyul and Wuryun can be established based on social science facts. However, the principle of Jen(仁) for life love is an area of moral knowledge that can only be realized through intuitive insight. This is the moral knowledge theory that Choi Han-ki built.

Simultaneous occurrence of hypokalemic periodic paralysis and rhabdomyolysis as complications of hypokalemia with primary aldosteronism

( Bongsoo Seo ),( Jikyoung Lee ),( Ji Eun Lee ),( Il-hong Son ),( Chul Sik Kim ),( Hyunwook Kim ) 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2011 No.-

Enhancement of lipid productivity by ethyl methane sulfonate-mediated random mutagenesis and proteomic analysis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Bongsoo Lee,양지원,Gang-Guk Choi,Yoon-E. Choi,Minji Sung,Min S. Park 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.6

Microalgae-derived biomass has been considered as the most promising candidate for next generation biofueldue to its sustainability and biodegradability. In this study, microalgal strain Chlamydmonas reinhardtii was randomlymutagenized by using a chemical mutagen, ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) to create mutants showing enhanced lipidproduction. We identified three random mutants that displayed high lipid production in the screening using Nile redstaining. Among those, mutant #128 was selected as candidate for further studies. Our flow cytometry and confocalmicroscopy analysis revealed that mutant #128 contains larger and more abundant lipid bodies than that of wild-type. Moreover, mutant #128 showed 1.4-fold increased fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content compared to wild-type undernitrogen depleted condition. In addition, mutant #128 grew faster and accumulated more biomass, resulting in highlipid production. 2D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF analysis used for gene targeting revealed that β-subunit ofmitochondrial ATP Synthase and two-component response regulator PilR may be involved in enhanced characteristicsof mutant #128. These results show the possibilities of EMS mediated random mutagenesis in generation of mutantsto produce high amount of lipid as well as further study for molecular mechanism of mutants.

A Simple Approach for Determining No-Passing Zones in Two-Lane Rural Highways

Bongsoo Son 대한교통학회 1998 대한교통학회 기타자료 Vol.1998 No.-

Provision of Passing Sight Distance (PSD) is an important component in two-lane highway design and has a critical impact on capacity of highway and safety of drivers. Many models have been developed to estimate PSD reasonably. However, each of them has a number of shortcomings for reflecting the real traffic conditions. This paper introduces a revised model that reflects the characteristics of the passing maneuver. The changes in passing sight distances under different assumptions about acceleration and vehicle length, which are related to vehicle types, are presented. The results obtained by the revised model are compared with those obtained from the existing models. There is an important link between geometric design decisions which determine the available sight distance and the quality of service which the road provides. In this paper, we examine one aspect of this relationship. That is to determine whether the passing sight distance is provided by improving horizontal alignment for a specific roadway section or passing may be restricted to save the road construction cost. To do so, a simple method for estimating traffic delay in no-passing is introduced.

A Simple Approach for Determining No-Passing Zones in Two-Lane Rural Highways

Bongsoo Son 대한교통학회 1998 대한교통학회 기타자료 Vol.1996 No.-

E3 ligase BRUTUS Is a Negative Regulator for the Cellular Energy Level and the Expression of Energy Metabolism-Related Genes Encoded by Two Organellar Genomes in Leaf Tissues

Bongsoo Choi,Do Young Hyeo,Juhun Lee,Terri A. Long,Daehee Hwang,Inhwan Hwang 한국분자세포생물학회 2022 Molecules and cells Vol.45 No.5

E3 ligase BRUTUS (BTS), a putative iron sensor, is expressed in both root and shoot tissues in seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana. The role of BTS in root tissues has been well established. However, its role in shoot tissues has been scarcely studied. Comparative transcriptome analysis with shoot and root tissues revealed that BTS is involved in regulating energy metabolism by modulating expression of mitochondrial and chloroplast genes in shoot tissues. Moreover, in shoot tissues of bts-1 plants, levels of ADP and ATP and the ratio of ADP/ATP were greatly increased with a concomitant decrease in levels of soluble sugar and starch. The decreased starch level in bts-1 shoot tissues was restored to the level of shoot tissues of wild-type plants upon vanadate treatment. Through this study, we expand the role of BTS to regulation of energy metabolism in the shoot in addition to its role of iron deficiency response in roots.

High Performance DFBT-Based Conjugated Polymers for Organic Thin Film Transistors

BongSoo Kim(김봉수) 한국고분자학회 2019 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.44 No.1

Impact of 3D Morphology on the Photovoltaic Property of All-Polymer Solar Cells Processed by Non-halogenated Solvents

BongSoo Kim(김봉수) 한국고분자학회 2019 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.44 No.2

ALGEBRAIC CALCULATION FOR EFFECTIVE COEFFICIENTS IN PERIODIC MULTI-SCALE MEDIA

Bongsoo Jang,Hae-Soo Oh 한국산업응용수학회 2008 한국산업응용수학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.4 No.3

In order to reduce the computational work in multi-scale media, the homogenization theory has been applied in many fields. The key step for the homogenization is to calculate effective coefficients. In this work, we demonstrate how to approximate an unknown effective coefficient from the known effective coefficients. In other words, suppose that [a<SUP>*</SUP><SUP>ij</SUP>] and [b<SUP>*</SUP><SUP>ij</SUP>] are the effective coefficients corresponding to the material properties [a<SUP>ij</SUP>], [b<SUP>ij</SUP>], respectively. Appropriate calculation for the effective coefficient associated with the material property [a<SUP>ij</SUP> + b<SUP>ij</SUP>] is presented by using the effective coefficients a<SUP>*</SUP><SUP>ij</SUP> and <SUP>*</SUP>b<SUP>ij</SUP>.

Laser generated elastic waves in a semi-infinite domain

Bongsoo Jang,Harish P. Cherukuri 한국산업응용수학회 2007 한국산업응용수학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.3 No.2

Thermo-elastic waves generated by a pulsed laser in solid is of great interest due to the extensive applications of pulsed laser technologies in material processing and non-destructive detecting(NDT) and characterization. Since wavelength of ultrasonic waves is smaller than the usual size of defect, the method using ultrasonic waves generated by a laser can detect the presence of small defects. Lasers are capable of producing ultrasonic waves very accurately and have an advantage of producing high intensity power and directionality. Thus, the method of a pulsed laser is being commonly used to generate ultrasonic waves for NDT. In this study, one dimensional analytical and numerical investigation of laser generate elastic waves in a semi-infinite solid strap is presented. Assuming uncoupled thermo-elasticity theory, analytic solutions for the thermal and the mechanical equations are obtained by the Laplace transform techniques. Laser interaction with a solid specimen is studied when the optical absorption coefficient varies. A weaker displacement is observed for a large absorption coefficient. Numerical approximated solutions are compared with the analytical solutions.