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New ethanol extraction improves the anti-obesity effects of black tea
Bongju Park,박현성,Sang-Jin Lee,Bonggyeong Lee,Ingyum Kim,Namjoon Baek,Tae Ho Lee,이석용,Miwon Son 대한약학회 2016 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.39 No.3
Black tea has been reported to have anti-obesity effects in both rodents and humans. Gallic acid, an active component of black tea, decomposes quickly into pyrogallol in high-temperature solutions. This study introduced a new, aqueous ethanol extraction of black tea, which resulted in extracts with higher concentrations of gallic acid than conventional black tea extracts prepared by hot-water extraction or hot-ethanol extraction. We confirmed that, compared with the hot-water extract of black tea, the cold-ethanol extract of black tea (CE-BTE) had greater effects on reducing body weight and body fat, improving fatty liver, regulating blood glucose, and reducing blood cholesterol in the high-fat diet-induced obese mouse model. Nonetheless, although CE-BTE significantly reduced fat content, it did not reduce peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARc) protein in epididymal fat tissue of HFD mice. We also showed that CEBTE did not inhibit the function of PPARc protein to drive adipogenesis of mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Considering that PPARc is a master transcription factor not only for adipocyte differentiation, but also for adipose tissue function, such as glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity, these results suggest that CE-BTE reduced fat mass and body weight without dampening fat cell homeostasis and insulin sensitivity.
( Bongju Kim ),( Youngcho Cho ),( Sunggil Kim ) 한국육종학회 2017 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.5 No.1
To introduce downy mildew resistance from a yellow-colored resistant cultivar, `Santero`, into a yellow breeding line, OT803, the F<sub>1</sub> hybrid was produced by crossing Santero and OT803. The bulb color of the F1 hybrids became light pink, suggesting involvement of complementation between the DFR-A and ANS genes in the onion anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. Since Santero contained active DFR-A and inactive ANS alleles, OT803 was assumed to harbor active ANS and inactive DFR-A alleles. However, some yellow-colored individuals of OT803 were shown to contain the homozygous genotype of the active DFR-A<sup>R4</sup>-like allele. Sequencing of 4,830-bp full-length sequences of this DFR-A<sup>R4</sup>-like allele revealed that the nucleotide sequences of the DFR-A<sup>R4</sup> and DFR-A<sup>R4</sup>-like alleles were identical except for a single nucleotide deletion in the last exon. This single base-pair deletion resulted in creation of a premature stop codon at 2-bp downstream of the deletion mutation. This new DFR-A mutant allele was designated DFR-A<sup>PS2</sup>. The RT-PCR results showed that transcripts of the DFR-A<sup>PS2</sup> allele were significantly reduced, suggesting involvement of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) mechanism. The systematic process consisting of PCR amplification and sequencing of the PCR products was modified to identify the DFR-A<sup>PS2</sup> allele among 16 different DFR-A alleles. No additional accession was found to contain the DFR-A<sup>PS2</sup> allele from 155 diverse onion germplasm, indicating very limited distribution of this new DFR-A<sup>PS2</sup> allele.
Trajectory Generation for an Automated Excavator
Bongju Lee,H.Jin Kim 제어로봇시스템학회 2014 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.10
For autonomous excavating, the trajectories should be generated for specific tasks for an excavator. We generate the trajectory using virtual motion camouflage (VMC). For trajectory generation, kinematics of the target excavator are derived and VMC method is formulated. Two simulations are conducted. One is trajectory generation for a manipulator of the excavator to avoid obstacles, and the other is to excavate. From the results of simulations, we can obtain sub-optimized trajectories and show that VMC can be used to generate the trajectory for an excavator.
Modified Tension Band Wiring Using FiberWire for Patellar Fractures
Bongju Lee,Jegyun Chon,윤자영,정덕희 대한정형외과학회 2019 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.11 No.2
In comminuted patellar fractures, we performed modified tension band wiring using a FiberWire (Arthrex) instead of the conventional methods. From March 2016 to March 2018, 63 patients with patellar fractures who needed surgical treatment were treated with modified tension band wiring using two Kirschner wires (K-wires) and FiberWire. We inserted two 1.6-mm K-wires perpendicular to the fracture line after accurate reduction. With the knee flexed over 90°, we sutured around the patella using a FiberWire. Visual analog scale score and Levack’s score were improved postoperatively. The mean bone union time was 5.6 months. None of the patients had breakage of wires, and nonunion with deformity occurred in one patient. We think that our method can be easier to handle and reduce irritation or breakage of the wires than conventional methods. In addition, early rehabilitation can be allowed. Therefore, we suggest that this method could be a useful method for the treatment of patellar fractures.