최한기의 도덕지식론 연구

강봉수 ( Kang¸ Bong-soo ) 한국윤리교육학회 2021 윤리교육연구 Vol.0 No.59

이 글은 최한기의 도덕지식론을 연구한 것이다. 최한기는 인간이 선험적으로 도덕성을 가지고 태어난 것이 아니라 사람들과 더불어 사는 후천적 경험을 통하여 습득한다는 도덕외재론을 주장한다. 도덕의 원천은 내면적 덕성이 아니라 밖으로부터 주어진 옳고 그름의 원리들이다. 옳은 행위가 선과 이득을 산출한다. 그는 옳고 그름의 도덕원리들을 존재의 법칙으로부터 추측해낼 수 있다고 여긴다. 세상의 존재법칙에는 우주·만물·인간을 관통하는 보편적 이치인 운화지리가 있고, 만물과 인간들이 개별적으로 타고나는 유행지리가 있다. 만물들은 주어진 유행지리에 따라 살아갈 뿐이지만, 인간은 신기의 마음능력으로 존재법칙을 따를 수도 어길 수도 넘어설 수도 있는 존재이다. 운화에 승순하는 삶, 이것이 인간이 살면서 따라야 할 인기운화의 인도이다. 인간에게 부여된 유행지리인 물리와 인정을 추측하여 인도를 정립해야 한다. 이것이 예율과 오륜 등의 사회 인습적 도덕규범이다. 더 나아가 인간에게 주어진 우주적 사명을 다하기 위해서는 천기와 인기가 일치하는 천인운화에 승순해야 하고, 이를 위해서는 운화지리를 발견하고, 이로부터 보편적 도덕원리를 통찰할 수 있어야 한다. 이것이 인(仁)의 생명사랑 원리이다. 예율과 오륜 등의 도덕규범은 사회과학적 사실에 토대하여 제정할 수 있다. 그러나 인의 생명사랑 원리는 오직 직관적 통찰을 통하여 깨달을 수밖에 없는 도덕적 지식의 영역이다. 이것이 최한기가 구축했던 도덕지식론이다. This article explores Choi Han-ki(崔漢綺)'s theory of moral knowledge. He argues that humans are not born with morality a priori, but are acquired through acquired experiences of living with people. The source of morality is not the inner virtue, but the principles of right and wrong given from the outside. Right behavior produces good and profit. He believes that the moral principles of right and wrong can be inferred from the laws of Sein. In the laws of Sein of the world, there is Unhwajili(運化之理) which is a universal reason that penetrates all things in the universe, and there is Yuhaengjili(流行之理) in which all things and humans are individually born. All things only live according to the given Yuhaengjili(流行之理), but humans are beings who can follow, break, or surpass the laws of Sein with their magical mind power. A life that ascends to Unhwa(運化), this is the laws of Sollen of Ingiunhwau(人氣運化) that humans must follow. The laws of Sollen must be established by guessing physics and humaneness which are Yuhaengjili(流行之理) given to humans. This is the customary moral norms of Yeyul(禮律; Code of etiquette & law) and Wuryun(五倫; Five code of moral). Furthermore, in order to fulfill the cosmic mission given to humans, it is necessary to ascend to the Heaven and Human Unhwa(天人運化), it is necessary to discover the Unhwajili(運化之理) and to gain insight into universal moral principles from this. This is the principle of Jen(仁) for life love. Moral norms such as Yeyul and Wuryun can be established based on social science facts. However, the principle of Jen(仁) for life love is an area of moral knowledge that can only be realized through intuitive insight. This is the moral knowledge theory that Choi Han-ki built.

Measurements of Cerenkov Lights Using Optical Fibers

Bongsoo Lee,Kyoung Won Jang,Wook Jae Yoo,Sang Hun Shin,Jinsoo Moon,Ki-Tek Han,Dayeong Jeon IEEE 2013 IEEE transactions on nuclear science Vol.60 No.2

<P>Optical fibers can be a medium to produce Cerenkov light due to their dielectric components, and radiation-induced light signals can be obtained using optical fibers without any scintillating material. In this study, we measured and characterized gamma-ray induced Cerenkov light in silica optical fibers, a plastic optical fiber, and a plastic wavelength shifting fiber in order to select the adequate optical fiber for producing Cerenkov light. Also, we measured the intensity of Cerenkov light as functions of irradiated length, irradiation angle, and thickness of various scatterers using the chosen optical fiber.</P>

Pooling-Based Intra Prediction Mode Coding for Mobile Video Applications

Bongsoo Jung,Hoyoung Lee,Kwanghyun Won,Byeungwoo Jeon IEEE 2011 IEEE transactions on broadcasting Vol.57 No.3

<P>The demand of real-time yet high quality video encoding for portable multimedia devices is increasingly strong. The state of the art H.264/AVC standard provides much higher coding efficiency than its predecessors. However, its high computational complexity of encoding is not suitable for battery-powered mobile devices. In this paper, we introduce a low complexity video encoding scheme based on new pooled macroblock modes mainly targeted for battery-operated portable devices. Since the motion prediction and intra prediction take most of the computation and thus battery consumption, restriction of prediction block sizes is essential in implementing a low complexity encoder. However, if this is not done carefully, it may result in unacceptable degradation of coding efficiency. The problem is overcome by developing new macroblock coding modes which are computationally trivial but effective in coding efficiency. Experimental results with several well-known video test sequences verify a far better performance of the proposed method against the standard H.264/AVC encoder operated in low-complexity configuration. Also we evaluate how less power consumption the proposed low complexity encoder actually consumes compared to that of the H.264/AVC baseline profile.</P>

Analytic approaches for solving nonlinear fractional differential equations

Bongsoo Jang 한국산업응용수학회 2012 한국산업응용수학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.7 No.1

In this paper, we propose a new analytical approach for solving fractional differential equations, which is called the enhanced multistage generalized differential transform method (EMs-GDTM). In the standard multistage generalized differential transform method (MsGDTM) it is a key to obtain a new initial condition in each sub-domain. The MsGDTM gives a new initial condition by using the approximate solution obtained in the previous sub-domain. We describe that this approach has difficulties to present the effect of memory arising in the fractional problems. To overcome this difficulty, we propose the EMsGDTM which presents well the effect of memory and gives more accurate solutions. Several illustrative examples are demonstrated and it is shown that the proposed technique is robust and efficient for solving fractional differential equations.

THE OPTIMAL HOMOTOPY ANALYSIS METHOD FOR SOLVING A MODEL FOR HIV INFECTION OF CD4+ T-CELL

Bongsoo Jang,Kyung Duk Park 한국산업응용수학회 2012 한국산업응용수학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.7 No.1

Characterization of One-Dimensional Fiber-Optic Scintillating Detectors for Electron-Beam Therapy Dosimetry

Bongsoo Lee,Kyoung Won Jang,Dong Hyun Cho,Wook Jae Yoo,Sang Hun Shin,Gye-Rae Tack,Soon-Cheol Chung,Sin Kim,Hyosung Cho,Byung Gi Park,Joo Hyun Moon,Siyong Kim IEEE 2008 IEEE transactions on nuclear science Vol.55 No.5

<P>In this study, a one-dimensional fiber-optic scintillating detector was developed for electron-beam therapy dosimetry. Each fiber-optic detector contains an organic scintillator as a sensitive volume and it is embedded and arrayed in a plastic phantom to measure one-dimensional high-energy electron-beam profiles of clinical linear accelerators. Plastic optical fibers guide the scintillating light which each detector probe generates to a photodiode array. The one-dimensional electron-beam profiles in the plastic phantom were measured in two different field sizes and for two electron-beam energies. Also, isodose and two-dimensional dose distributions in the plastic phantom were obtained using the one-dimensional scintillating detector array with two different electron beam energies.</P>

What is a Taste and Flavor?

Bongsoo Noh 한국식품영양과학회 2016 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2016 No.10

PROMOTING EMPLOYMENT OF FOREIGN MIGRANT WORKERS - FOREIGN DOMESTIC WORKERS IN SINGAPORE -

( Bongsoo Jung ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2016 Korea University Law Review Vol.20 No.-

People and products cross borders freely in the era of globalization, integrating all nations into one great market. Singaporeans have taken advantage of the supply of cheap foreign domestic workers. Through this, the city state has increased its competitiveness by making the most of its female manpower by keeping child-rearing expenses low while improving the quality of life. Koreans also need to take advantage of the supply of foreign domestic workers, as is done in Singapore, towards increasing the low birth rate and assisting highly-trained women to avoid giving up their careers to raise families. Singapore introduced its Foreign Domestic Servant Scheme (FDSC) in 1978 to bring in foreign domestic workers. There are three factors behind the FDSC`s success. First, there has been a greater supply of domestic workers from neighboring countries than demand for their services in Singapore. Second, it has been possible to maintain a secure supply for a long time through the strict immigration regulations that make it difficult for foreign domestic workers to work illegally. Third, Singapore`s indirect supervisory administration makes efforts to protect the human rights of these domestic workers and improve their working conditions.

Maximization of Lipid productivity of Microalgae through External stimulations

Bongsoo LEE,Nam Kyu KANG,Seungjip JEON,Ahreum YANG,Won-Kun PARK,Hyun Gi KOH,Min-su KWAK,Gang Guk CHOI,Byeong-ryool JEONG,Ji-Won YANG 한국생물공학회 2014 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.10

E3 ligase BRUTUS Is a Negative Regulator for the Cellular Energy Level and the Expression of Energy Metabolism-Related Genes Encoded by Two Organellar Genomes in Leaf Tissues

Bongsoo Choi,Do Young Hyeo,Juhun Lee,Terri A. Long,Daehee Hwang,Inhwan Hwang 한국분자세포생물학회 2022 Molecules and cells Vol.45 No.5

E3 ligase BRUTUS (BTS), a putative iron sensor, is expressed in both root and shoot tissues in seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana. The role of BTS in root tissues has been well established. However, its role in shoot tissues has been scarcely studied. Comparative transcriptome analysis with shoot and root tissues revealed that BTS is involved in regulating energy metabolism by modulating expression of mitochondrial and chloroplast genes in shoot tissues. Moreover, in shoot tissues of bts-1 plants, levels of ADP and ATP and the ratio of ADP/ATP were greatly increased with a concomitant decrease in levels of soluble sugar and starch. The decreased starch level in bts-1 shoot tissues was restored to the level of shoot tissues of wild-type plants upon vanadate treatment. Through this study, we expand the role of BTS to regulation of energy metabolism in the shoot in addition to its role of iron deficiency response in roots.