컴퓨터 법에 있어서의 책임에 관한 연구

鄭鎭世,鄭在晃,方碩皓,河泰勳,李成德,崔鳳哲 홍익대학교 1995 弘大論叢 Vol.27 No.-

This paper, coauthored by Chin-Se Chung, as well as other 5 faculty members at Hong-Ik University Department of Law (Jea-Hwang Jeong, Suk-Ho Bang, Tae-Hoon Ha, Seong-Deog Yi and Bong-Chul Choi), deals with liability issuses surrounding constitutional law, administrative law, civil law (contracts, torts), commercial law, criminal law, international law and philosophy & law. Professor of Law Jea-Hwang Jeong makes a comparative analysis of privacy protection and disclosure of information legal issues, appeared at current Korean law and draft of law in case of the latter one. He suggestes some desirable ways of legislation through revision process and operation of legal rules at his paper. Professor of Law Suk-Ho Bang makes a brief survey of civil liability issues arising out of contracts and torts in English and American law, first. He tries to show that many Parts of arguments in such legal world are attributed to Statute of Frauds tradition, unique to such legal world. New developments in the area of torts, including computer malpractice and computer virus, are shown and analysed in terms of application possibility under our current law. But, as even the Anglo-American courts are found very reluctant to accept those arguments as new grounds for torts liability, it seems more plausible and practicable to refer to contractual approach, basically, rather than to torts approach even under English American law. Professor of Law Chin-Se Chung suggests in his paper on EFT that the allocation of liability under EFT be made under the new and most relevant principle, working for useful transmission way of fund, not solely under traditional legal principles. If such new principle works with high return of risk to users, it makes imminent problems against the goats of consumer protection, and eventually will be hardly refered to. Conversely, if it requires too much sacrifice from the side of banks, then the convenience in such system will not be utilized. So, it may be natural that EFT be discarded even without proper functioning under market system. In conclusion, Professor Chung points out that, only when banks fond that the economy out of cost-saving at tasks outweighs the risk undertaken by the banks, the banks will operate the system. But, if this system makes more return of benefits to the banks with the burden of users, it is against the idea of equity. Consequently, the banks should bear the aggeviated risks in return for the cost saved under this system Professor of Law Tae-Hoon Ha focuses his research paper on criminal liability under EFT. He draws his conclusion out of current criminal statutes that illegal fund transfer under automatic teller machines, cash cards and information system can not be penalized due to lack of proper statutory provision. So, the criminal provision on computer crime, newly made on December of 1995, can be positively appreciated. But, he anticipates that the question whether such new provision will be successful in regulating all illegal activites at fund transfor system without any operation defects in criminal code, or will cause new problem in interpretation of criminal code remains unsolved. Professor of Law Seong-Deog Yi examines the international legal issues which may be given rise to by direct satellite broadcasting. In his paper, the issue of national jurisdiction in relation to direct satellite broadcasting is firstly dealt with. Secondly, the possible ways in which direct satellite broadcasting is regulated by international law are examined with special emphasis of two different approaches, that is, freedom of information approach and state sovereignty approach. In this context, many international conventions concerning direct satellite broadcasting in Particular, and international regulatory regime of outer space in general are broadly reviewed. Thirdly, the types of activities which may be a violation of international legal regime of direct satellite broadcasting are suggested and the possible lethal remedies for these violations are proposed with the traditional international state responsibility law in mind. Professor of Law Bong-Chul Choi explores the relations of computerized society to its laws throughout his paper as a kind of conclusion of this whole paper. Computerized society is one that the technical, scientific, informational knowledge prevails. With correspondence to the structural change in knowledge, the law of such a society has suffered transformation, and the knowledge and techniques distributing and computing legal responsibility has also changed. However, he does not insist that the diffusion of technical knowledge is the sole factor of the transformation of legal responsibility. It is only one of the various factors. Moreover, he does not deny the continuation between the classical techniques distributing legal responsibility and the contemporary ones. In this era, the law realizes fairness and community values at the expense of singularities. In addition, he proposes that legal scholars take the diagnosis of law from the perspective of the technology/knowledge shifts seriously.

헬무트 콜의 독일 통일 정책이 한반도 통일 정책에 주는 시사점 연구

신봉철,정훈 동아대학교 동아시아연구원 2010 동아시아 : 비교와 전망 Vol.9 No.2

본 논문에서는 독일 통일 당시의 동서독 통일 과정과 정책을 살펴보고, 그를 통해 남한의 통일정책에 대한 시사점을 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 헬무트 콜의 10조항 통일정책은 독일의 통일에 중대한 영향을 주었다. 동독과의 상호주의적인 교류를 강조하고, 동독의 체제 전환을 전제로 모든 통일국가의 형태에 대한 가능성을 열어두었으며 독일의 통일을 유럽의 평화라는 목적을 실현하기 위한 수단으로 사용함으로써 주변 국가들을 설득시켰다. 헬무트 콜의 통일정책에 동독 국민들의 민주화에 대한 열망과 서독의 경제적 지원이 뒷받침되었기에 독일 통일은 가능했다. 독일에 비하면 현재 한반도가 처해 있는 조건은 훨씬 불리하다. 경제적으로나 외교적으로도 취약하고, 서로의 이데올로기에 대한 폐쇄성과 왜곡된 이해에도 불구하고 민족을 앞세운 감성적인 통일론이 남북한 모두를 지배하고 있다. 독일 통일이 실현되고 20년이 지난 오늘날 독일 통일은 완성된 것이 아니라 여전히 진행 중이다. 통일 부작용에는 여러 가지 원인이 있겠지만 가장 큰 원인은 동독의 실상을 정확히 몰랐기 때문에 그에 대한 정확한 준비를 하지 못했다는 것이다. 독일의 통일은 통일이 결코 짧은 시간에 완수할 수 있는 것이 아님을 보여준다. 하지만 통일의 과정은 독일의 경우와 같이 급속히 진행될 가능성이 있다. 지금 우리 사회는 통일에 대비하여 어떠한 준비를 하고 있는가는 자문해볼 필요가 있다. This paper will investigate the implications of the South Korean policies of unification through analyzing the policies and process of unification of East and West Germany. Helmut Kohl's "10 Punkte Programm" had a great influence in the unification of Germany. Frist, it was emphasized the reciprocal interaction with the East Germany. Second it was opened the possibility of the forms of all of the unifying nations with East Germany's regime change as a precondition. Third, it was convinced the surrounding nations that the unification of Germany could be the path towards the European peace. The unification of Germany was possible thanks to the East Germany's people's passion for democracy and the financial aid of the West Germany along with Helmut Kohl's policies of unification. Compared to Germany, the Korean Peninsula is in much worse conditions. This is because in both of the Koreas dominates a sensitive belief of unification based on nationalism, despite the diplomatic and economic weakness and distorted understanding about each other. Even after twenty years after the unification of Germany, the true integration is still in progress. There may be several reasons for the side effects of unification, but the biggest reason is that the realities of DDR were not understood accurately and were not perpared for properly. Germany's unification shows that unification can't be attained in a short span of time. However, the process of unification might occur rapidly just like it happened in Germany. It is important to reflect on what has our society done in order to prepare for our unification.

유리피판을 이용한 하인두-식도 재건 치험례

봉정표,정윤규,이훈범,김주봉,이재화,나동균,김석원 大韓成形外科學會 1997 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.24 No.6

Hypopharyngo-esophageal cancer is usually found at late stage. Its main treatment is surgical intervention and it often requires radical resection. Reconstruction of the hypopharyngo-esophageal defect after the resection of carcinomas of the hypopharynx and the cervical esophagus has traditionally been carried out with deltopectoral or musculocutaneous flap. Another approach is to reconstruct the defect with the colon or stomach. Recent advances in microvascular surgical techniques have resulted in one stage reconstruction with free flap. Both jejunal free flap and radial forearm free flap is a good alternative for the reconstruction of hypopharyngo-esophageal defect. Six cases of the radial forearm flap and nine cases of the jejunal flap were used to reconstructed the hypopharyngo-esophageal defect in 15 patients. In jejunal free flap, upper margin was reconstructed with end to side anastomosis and lower margin with end to end anastomosis. In radial forearm free flap, we used trapezoid shaped flap and tubed by complete or partial tubing according to the condition of the defects. Stricture and fistula are troublesome complications. The complications were peritonitis(n=1) and fistula(n=1). We concluded that both forearm and jejunal free flap is a useful alternative in reconstruction of hypopharynx and cervical esophagus.

요관석의 요관경하배석술 후 요관부목의 선별적 유치

이상훈,윤하나,심봉석,이시내 이화여자대학교 의과대학 2003 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.26 No.2

Purpose : Ureteral stent is commonly used after ureterscopic stone removal(URS). However, there is no definitive clinical criteria in inserting the ureteral stent after URS. Patients often complain of bladder irritative symptoms, hematuria. flank pain and additive endoscopic prodedure is neces-sary to remove the ureteral stent. Therefore, we studied the clinical epicacy of selective ureteral stenting only when it is required. Materials and Methods : Of the patients who was taken URS, the following patients were exclu-ded from stent insertion ; 1) Patients who have mild hydronephrosis or symptoms less than 1week. 2) Patients who were able to insert the ureteroscope through the ureteral orifice without difficulty. 3) Patients who hardly have ureteral mucosal damage seen through the ureteroscopic field after the removal of ureteral stone. 4) Patients who did not need the additional lithoclast during the remo-val of ureteral stone. Other than the above patients and those with stones above the mid-ureter, a 6Fr. ureteral stent was inserted and kept for 3weeks. There were 29 unstented patients and 38 stented patients. Results : The average age of the non-stenting and stenting group were 37.5years old and 39.7years old and the average stone size were 0.68cm and 0.80cm. The average operation time was 3 minutes in the non-stenting and 8minutes(including ureteral stent insertion time) in the stenting group. Hos-pital stay was 3days in both groups. Intermittent gross hematuria and irritative symptoms of the bladder was shown for 3weeks after operation in most of the patients(32cases, 84.2%) of the sten-ting group while those in the unstenting group, the symptoms were relieved after2days after operation. Although mild flank pain was shown in few patients(4cases, 13.8%) of the non-stenting group, severe pain requiring intravenous analgesics was not seen in both groups. There were no specific findings in the intravenous urography which was done at 6weeks after operation, and no hematuria and pyuria was found in both groups. Conclusion : The selective placement of ureteral stent following the ureteroscopic removal of stone did not bring specfic complications. We believe that ureteral stent insertion will minimize the inconvenience especially in patients who need to return to their everyday living immediately after operation. Thus ureteral stent insertion should be used in limited situations. 요관경하배석술 후 많은 경우에 있어서 요관부목을 유치하고 잇지만 선별적으로 판단하여 설치할 경우 특별한 문제점이 없었으며, 수술 수 바로 일상생활에 복귀하여야 하는 환자들의 불편함을 최소화할 수 잇을 것으로 생각되며, 요관부목 설치는 제한적인 상황하에서 시행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

자외선 조사에 의한 피부조직 단백질의 산화에 관한 연구

차승훈,정영도,이승철,안봉환,김영표,이민화 한국노화학회 1991 한국노화학회지 Vol.1 No.1

과일과피로부터 폴리페놀 분리에 따른 생리기능연구

안봉전,이진태,곽재훈,박정미,이진영,박태순,손준호,최청 경산대학교 생명자원개발연구소 2003 생명자원과 산업 Vol.7 No.-

Biological activities and anticarcinogenicity of Korean Pear peel were investigated. Electron donating activity and superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like activity of fraction Ⅱ, Ⅲ were up to 90% and 50-60% at 50ppm, respectively. Inhibitory effects on xanthine oxidase were about 80% at 50ppm, breast adenocarcinoma was about 60% at 2,000 ppm, higher Ⅲ than Ⅱ. Inhibitory effect on prostate adenocarcinoma was about 23% at 500 ppm. In conclusion, Korean Pear peel was expected to use as a functional material.

전기화학적 방법을 이용한 저온형 연료전지용 고분산 Pt 촉매의 제조

윤봉국,최재식,김현수,임태훈,홍성안,이호인 한국공업화학회 2003 응용화학 Vol.7 No.2

Pt was deposited on carbon support by chronoamperometry. The catalytic activity for methanol oxidation was checked by CV (cyclic voltammetry) method. The amount of Pt loading was calculated by integration of I-t curve obtaining the total current used for the Pt deposition. The ECA (electrochemical active surface area) for loaded Pt was calculated from the hydrogen adsorption/desorption peaks in 0.5 M H₂SO₄solution. Pt was deposited on clean carbon electrode surface with various concentration of Pt solution (0.1 mM) was used. As the concentration of Pt increased, the specific catalystic activity of Pt decreased suggesting that, in the electrochemical reaction of Pt ion with electrode surface, Pt particles were smaller and more dispersed in low concentration of Pt solution. With this condition (0.1 mM Pt), Pt was electrodeposited on a commercial carbon support, Vulcan XC-72. Electrochemically loaded Pt catalyst had the higher ECA, and showed higher specific catalytic activity for mathanol oxidation than a commercial Pt/C catalyst.

선형유도전자펌프내의 자기유체 유동에 관한 수치적 연구

최훈기,유근종,박태봉,은재정,장남영 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2003 공업기술연구 Vol.3 No.-

Numerical analysis is performed for magnetic and MHD flow fields in Electro-Magnetic(EM) pump. A finite volume method is applied to solve magnetic field governing equations and the Navier-Stokes equations. Vector and scalar potential methods are adopted to obtain the electric and magnetic fields and the resulting Lorentz force in solving Maxwell equations. The magnetic field and velocity distributions are found to be influenced by the magnitude of the Reynolds number and the phase of applied electric current. Computational results indicate that the magnetic flux distribution with changing phase of electric current is characterized by a pair of counter-rotating closed loops. The velocity distribution of the flow field is influenced on the intensity of Lorentz force.

뇌교출혈의 예후에 관한 연구

전종훈,정진상,위봉애 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1989 충남의대잡지 Vol.16 No.2

To evaluate the prognosis of primary pontine hemorrhage and its related factors the clinical and radiological features of 26 patients were analyzed. The features of survival group (9 cases) and non-survival group (17 cases) were not different in age and sex distribution. Univariately significant factors suggesting poor prognosis were as follows: 1) Lower level of consciousness at the first evaluation 2) breathing abnormalities suggesting brainstem dysfunctions 3) high systolic blood pressure 4) size of hematoma across the midine of the pons and 6) associated ventricular dilatation.

線形計劃法을 移用한 確率的 運轉模型

李鳳容,李基協,金正勳 弘益大學校 1983 弘大論叢 Vol.15 No.2

In applying linear programming to the production cost for generation planning, the probabilistic features of random loads and random generations cannnot normally be treated. So, in the conventional methods, some simplifications or ommittances are usually made. This paper proposes a new and effieient approach to the "probabilistic" production cost by the stadard linear programming package. The random loads and the random generations are discretized so that the production costs can be in linear form with linear constraints, and the convolution of load and generation is performed. The convolution itself is also a very time-consuming process, but an efficient method is suggeted in the paper. The proposal method is tested in a real scale power system and the various results are compared. From this demonstrations, it is concluded that the proposed method is a powerful tool for the probabilistic production costing and it is expected that the proposed method can further be extended for the generation planning.