[사소절(士小節)]을 통해본 조선후기 사회상

황봉덕(Hwang, Bong-Duk) 포은학회 2016 포은학연구 Vol.18 No.-

This paper is a detailed analysis of the changes in the late Joseon dynasty and the consciousness of the problems in “Sajeon”, “Buui” and “Donggyu” from “Sasojeol” of Lee Deokmu (1741 ~ 1793). It is meaningful that the analysis of the changed customs recorded in “Sajeon”, “Buui” and “Donggyu” and the author’s opinion about it in a unified viewpoint. In this article, I have paid attention to the social aspects of the late Joseon Dynasty, especially the different customs. At the time, there were changes in customs such as clothes, gambling culture and books and these changes seemed to have a negative effect on individuals as well as society as a whole. The national ceremony was held at the family feast, and music and dance in the western area spread to the private sector and the customs became obscene. In addition, gambling poured into the private sector, as well as men and women. There seems to be a lot of people who believed in superstition or believed in Feng Shui, such as gut, and the luxurious costume culture developed between Sunbi and his wife. Lee Duk-moo recorded each of these social events of the late Joseon dynasty in  “Sasojeol”, and pointed out the problems respectively. In order to solve the problem, Lee explained that he must constantly remind the problem and correct it with real action. Especially the role of the family. This is meaningful in that it offers very close and realistic ways for individuals to solve problems that have become widespread throughout society without turning them around.

연속반응기(CSTR)에서 α-Methylstyrene과 Acrylonitrile의 용액공중합에 관한 연구

설수덕,신봉섭 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1993 硏究報告 Vol.17 No.1

The solution copolymerization of α-methylstyrene(AMS) with acrylonitrile(AN) was carried out in a batch reactor and CSTR. Solvent and initiator was used toluene and benzoyl peroxide. The copolymer conversion was analyzed by measuring the solid weights of copolymers obtained after precipitating and filtration reactant. The copolymer composition was determined by elemental analyzer(EA). The monomer reactivity rations, r₁and r₂was determined by Fineman-Ross method : r₁=0.023, r₂=0.115.

원목열처리 방법이 표고버섯의 수확에 미치는 영향

조덕봉,최옥범,최충식,김재창 광주보건대학 1999 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

This study was performed to investigate the effect of log treatment on the harvesting and quality of Lentinus edodes. Effect of log Treatment on the pinning of Lentinus edodes was as follows. Nong-gi No. 3 of warm weather strain was the hightest pinning( 100%), San-jo No. 5 and Mo-ri No. 290 of cold weather strains and control were 10%, 10%, 70%, respectively. Fruiting contents of Lentinus edodes did not show significant difference between sample with heat treatment and control in cold weather strains. Fruiting contents of Nong-gi No. 3 of warm weather strain with heat treatment were higher than those of control without heat treatment. There was similar result in indivisual weight of Lentinus edodes.

느타리버섯 지면재배법 개발 연구

조덕봉,김재창,최충식 광주보건대학 2002 論文集 Vol.27 No.-

The wild agaric grows at the ground of the stump or the dead body of the broad-leaf tree because the ground has suitable condition for its growth. Also the soil has the effect of moisture-protection and heat insulation, so it has great condition for the growth of spawn and the development of mushroom(fruit-body). The shell-using cultivation which has been usually cultivated by agaric-cultivation farm makes it possible to control the temperature and the humidity because the mushrooms are cultivated in small area, but it needs more complex skills for the control of environment necessary for the argaric development. Another problem of the shell-using cultivation is that it needs special equipment and device which provide proper environment for the cultivation of agaric. The result of the ground cultivation we did from 1998 to 2000 for the reduction of these problems is: 1. The ground cultivation of agaric has reduced 34% of labor(333 hours when we cultivate at 330㎡-area) which was invested from the building of culture ground to the end of the cultivation compared with the shell-using cultivation. 2. The ground cultivation saved 13,800,000∼26,800,000 won of expenditure for facilities and equipment compared with the shell-using cultivation when cultivated 330㎡ of agaric-cultivating area. 3. We could save 1300ℓ of oil cost in the spring(from April to July), and 2300ℓ of oil cost in the autumn(from september to December). 4. The variety suitable for the found cultivation is Sam-bok agaric in the spring cultivation, and Choon-Choo 1-Ho and Won-Hyoung 2-Ho in the autumn cultivation.

65세 이상 노인 급성 심근경색증 환자의 사망에 영향을 미치는 인자들

정봉기,양금열,손준혁,주시내,남홍우,전용덕,이홍순 대한노인병학회 2001 대한노인병학회지 Vol.5 No.2

대청댐 역조정지 부근의 수질변화특성 조사

임봉수,방미란,김태응,정덕우 大田大學校 環境問題硏究所 1997 환경문제연구소 논문집 Vol.2 No.-

This survey was accomplished to know the characteristics on the variation of water quality around Daechung-dam regulating reservoir. The algae bloom occurres near the chungju and Taejon intake station in autumn every year. It is possible to cause the taste and odor problems in the water supply if this reservoir will be a intake station. The comparsions of water quality data between within main dam and around regulating reservoir during past about 5 years were investigated. The water quality of this reservoir was the raw water supply II class, but its quality was the raw water phosphorus concentration as compared with past 5 years is increasing to be about two times. When the algae bloom occurred, dominant algae species was Aulacoseira glanulata having no correlation with taste and odor.

국소침 윤마취시 Epinephrine 효과에 대한 관찰

金鳳謙,金容培,方裕鉉,朴種燮,柳在德 大韓成形外科學會 1983 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.10 No.1

The local anesthetics play a central and frundamental role, for they comprise, probably, the single most widely used group of durgs in the field of plastic surgery. Also many plastic surgical procedures require the use of a vasoconstrictor to reduce operative bleeding under both general and local anesthesia. Among local anesthetics, lidocaine, introduced by Lofgren in 1948, is one of most widely used local anesthetics and most frequently used for infiltration anesthesia with 0.5% to 1 0%solution. Also eqinephrine is one of the most potent and most useful vasoconstrictors for admixture with thesolution of local anesthetics for infiltration of tissue. In the clinical practice, it has been said that the concentration of lidocaine and epinephrine should be kept at the minimal level of effectiveness because of the epinephrine performs a dual service when is combined with lidocaine. In order to clarify the minimum concentration of the lidocaine and epinephrine respectively necessary for adequate duration of anesthesia, with less irritation of local tissue and less bleeding, the clinical observation and animal experiment were undertaken, and the following results were summarized. The most effective skin blanching by epinephrine was obtained with epinephrine concentration of 1 : 50,000 although some effect was still presented with epinephrine concentration of 1 : 800,000. The onset of maximum skin blanching following the local infiltration of lidocaine with epinephrine(1 : 50,000 to 1 : 400,000) was within 5 minutes and was lasting 20 to 40 minutes. When the skin incision was made 5 minutes to 15 minutes following local infiltration of epinephrine, the amount of bleeding was markedly decreased and no significant difference in the time of hemostasis was noticed(p〉0.1). Also no significant difference in the time of hemostasis was noticed in the different concentration (1 : 100,000 and 1 : 200,000) of epinephrine(p〉0.1). The optimum concentration of epinephrine is between 1 : 200,00 to 1 : 400,000 solution and the optimum concentration of lidocaine is 0.5%.

느타리버섯 복토재배에 관한 연구

조덕봉,김재창,최충식 광주보건대학 2000 論文集 Vol.25 No.-

This study was carried out to increase the amount of the Pleurotus ostreatus, by the mycelium on the surface of the shelf soundly through molding materials over the medium for preventing the dryness of the shelf, and to find out how to reduce the damages from disease and pest. The results were as follows: 1. Molding materials The best molding material was charcoal powder, and the mixture of charcoal powder and clay loam at a ration of 3 to 2 or more was also practicable. 2. The time of molding It was adequate to mold when the growth rate of mycelium was reached to 70~80% around 10~15 days after. 3. The amount of application The suitable amount of molding material was approximately 5ℓ/㎡.

대전광역시 양축농가의 축분뇨 관리 실태 및 VOCs 농도 조사

이봉덕,이수기,오홍록,허정민,정기철,김성복 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2005 농업과학연구 Vol.32 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the style of livestock house, concentration of malodorous substances of livestock feces and livestock houses in Daejeon area. Among the livestock houses investigated, as most of cow pens(94.5%) have sawdust or chaff on the bottom, there was no leakage of feces out of pen. Most pig pens adopted slury style, but some of them currently use buffering material on the bottom. It is thought that there will be no possible contamination leakage. When it comes to hen house, all the broiler house use litters on the bottom and all the layer house use scrapper. It is also thought that there will be no possible contamination leakage. 3 out of 12 deer pens used buffering material on the bottom, 10 places were maintained in a traditional method, and 7 places left possibility of contamination leakage considering whether the roof was installed or not. The contents of ammonia, amine and volatile fatty acid in fresh feces were lower compared to rotten feces, but the concentration of sulfur-containing matter - hydrogen sulfide, methylmercapthan and ethylmercapthan were higher compared to rotten feces. In the case of malodorous ingredient in livestock houses, only small amount of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were detected in pig pen and hen house, and other ingredients were not detectable. And those who are engaged in animal husbandry reacted negatively to the use of feed additives for decreasing malodor. In conclusion, it is not worrisome that contamination can be leaked out of animal raising facilities. But if we take into consideration that the point of investigation time is wintry season, there should be more considerate attitude. And feed additives for decreasing malodor need establishing criteria in the manufacturing process.

SnO_2 열산화감지막의 제작 및 특성

강봉휘,이덕동 한국센서학회 2002 센서학회지 Vol.11 No.6

본 논문에서는 새로운 방식의 금속 산화물 감지막의 형성 기술에 대해서 제안을 하였다. Sn 증착을 위해 사용된 기판은 Pt 전극을 가진 실리콘 웨이퍼를 이용하였다. 증착 방식은 금속 Sn이 연속적인 막이 아닌 island로만 형성된 상태로 하였다. 제안된 방식의 최적의 Sn 증착 조건을 구하기 위해 Pt 전극간의 저항이 1 kΩ, 5 kΩ, 10 kΩ 및 50 kΩ이 되도록 Sn을 증착하여 시료를 제작하였다. 또한 일반적인 방식과 새롭게 제안된 방식의 시료를 비교하기 위해서 Sn 막의 두께가 1,500 Å인 시료를 준비하였다. 이것들을 700℃의 산소분위기에서 3시간 동안 산화를 하여 SnO_2를 형성하였다. 산화물 감지막들의 특성 평가를 위해서 SEM, XRD 및 AFM을 이용하였다. 분석을 통하여 10kΩ의 시료(300 Å)가 최적의 감지막 증착 조건임을 알았다. 또한 제조된 감지막을 다양한 농도의 부탄, 프로판 및 일산화탄소에 대해서 동작온도 250 ℃, 300 ℃ 및 350 ℃ 의 경우에 대해서 측정하였다. 그 결과 촉매를 첨가하지 않았음에도 불구하고 모든 가스에 대한 높은 감도 특성을 나타내었다. New formation technique of metal of oxide sensing film was proposed in this paper. Silicon wafer with Pt electrodes was used as a substrate for depositing metal Sn film. Metal Sn was deposited in the state of not continuous film but only island state. The samples were prepared to obtain the optimal condition of metal Sn deposition. The resistances of deposited Sn onto Pt electrodes amounted to 1 kΩ, 5 kΩ, 10 kΩ and 50 kΩ, respectively. Also The sample with 1,500 Å thickness of Sn was prepared in order to compare sensing properties between conventional type and proposing type. After deposition of metal Sn, SnO_2 was formed by thermal oxidation method for 3 hrs. in O_2 ambient at 700℃. Surface morphology, crystal structure and surface roughness of oxidized-sensing film were examined by SEM, XRD, and AFM, respectively. From the results of these analyses, the optimal deposition condition of Sn was that the Pt electrode resistance became 10 kΩ (300 Å). Also, the sensing characteristics of fabricated sensing film for various concentrations of butane, propane and carbon monoxide gases were measured at the operating temperatures of 250 ℃, 300 ℃ and 350 ℃, respectively. Although catalyst was not added to the sensing film, it has exhibited the high sensitivity to all the test gases.