컴퓨터 법에 있어서의 책임에 관한 연구

鄭鎭世,鄭在晃,方碩皓,河泰勳,李成德,崔鳳哲 홍익대학교 1995 弘大論叢 Vol.27 No.-

This paper, coauthored by Chin-Se Chung, as well as other 5 faculty members at Hong-Ik University Department of Law (Jea-Hwang Jeong, Suk-Ho Bang, Tae-Hoon Ha, Seong-Deog Yi and Bong-Chul Choi), deals with liability issuses surrounding constitutional law, administrative law, civil law (contracts, torts), commercial law, criminal law, international law and philosophy & law. Professor of Law Jea-Hwang Jeong makes a comparative analysis of privacy protection and disclosure of information legal issues, appeared at current Korean law and draft of law in case of the latter one. He suggestes some desirable ways of legislation through revision process and operation of legal rules at his paper. Professor of Law Suk-Ho Bang makes a brief survey of civil liability issues arising out of contracts and torts in English and American law, first. He tries to show that many Parts of arguments in such legal world are attributed to Statute of Frauds tradition, unique to such legal world. New developments in the area of torts, including computer malpractice and computer virus, are shown and analysed in terms of application possibility under our current law. But, as even the Anglo-American courts are found very reluctant to accept those arguments as new grounds for torts liability, it seems more plausible and practicable to refer to contractual approach, basically, rather than to torts approach even under English American law. Professor of Law Chin-Se Chung suggests in his paper on EFT that the allocation of liability under EFT be made under the new and most relevant principle, working for useful transmission way of fund, not solely under traditional legal principles. If such new principle works with high return of risk to users, it makes imminent problems against the goats of consumer protection, and eventually will be hardly refered to. Conversely, if it requires too much sacrifice from the side of banks, then the convenience in such system will not be utilized. So, it may be natural that EFT be discarded even without proper functioning under market system. In conclusion, Professor Chung points out that, only when banks fond that the economy out of cost-saving at tasks outweighs the risk undertaken by the banks, the banks will operate the system. But, if this system makes more return of benefits to the banks with the burden of users, it is against the idea of equity. Consequently, the banks should bear the aggeviated risks in return for the cost saved under this system Professor of Law Tae-Hoon Ha focuses his research paper on criminal liability under EFT. He draws his conclusion out of current criminal statutes that illegal fund transfer under automatic teller machines, cash cards and information system can not be penalized due to lack of proper statutory provision. So, the criminal provision on computer crime, newly made on December of 1995, can be positively appreciated. But, he anticipates that the question whether such new provision will be successful in regulating all illegal activites at fund transfor system without any operation defects in criminal code, or will cause new problem in interpretation of criminal code remains unsolved. Professor of Law Seong-Deog Yi examines the international legal issues which may be given rise to by direct satellite broadcasting. In his paper, the issue of national jurisdiction in relation to direct satellite broadcasting is firstly dealt with. Secondly, the possible ways in which direct satellite broadcasting is regulated by international law are examined with special emphasis of two different approaches, that is, freedom of information approach and state sovereignty approach. In this context, many international conventions concerning direct satellite broadcasting in Particular, and international regulatory regime of outer space in general are broadly reviewed. Thirdly, the types of activities which may be a violation of international legal regime of direct satellite broadcasting are suggested and the possible lethal remedies for these violations are proposed with the traditional international state responsibility law in mind. Professor of Law Bong-Chul Choi explores the relations of computerized society to its laws throughout his paper as a kind of conclusion of this whole paper. Computerized society is one that the technical, scientific, informational knowledge prevails. With correspondence to the structural change in knowledge, the law of such a society has suffered transformation, and the knowledge and techniques distributing and computing legal responsibility has also changed. However, he does not insist that the diffusion of technical knowledge is the sole factor of the transformation of legal responsibility. It is only one of the various factors. Moreover, he does not deny the continuation between the classical techniques distributing legal responsibility and the contemporary ones. In this era, the law realizes fairness and community values at the expense of singularities. In addition, he proposes that legal scholars take the diagnosis of law from the perspective of the technology/knowledge shifts seriously.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

사무간접부문의 Six-Sigma 사례연구 : A사의 사무간접 Six-Sigma 사례를 중심으로

박철민,박대봉 경남대학교 산업경영연구소 2000 産業經營 Vol.27 No.-

쓰레기종량제 실시전후의 생활폐기물 소각장 배출 유해가스 농도

홍성철,장봉기,이종영,구영수 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 1998 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.4 No.1

This study was conducted to compare the concentration of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides emitted from the household incineration facility in Taegu city before and after the adoption of garbage packing system. Their concentrations were measured by an automatic analyzing equipment(MCS 100) at Sung-Suh household waste incineration facility in Taegu city using the non-dispersion infrared absorption analysis method from January 1 to June 30, 1994 before the adoption of the garbage packing system, and from January 1 to June 30, 1995 after the adoption of the system. The means of daily maximal concentration and daily average concentration of the emitted sulfur oxides were 40.9±23.00ppm and 21.4±6.18ppm in 1994, and 75.7±59.43ppm and 22.0±8.95ppm in 1995, respectively. In 1994, the concentration showed a gradual reduction from January until June, but there was a marked variation in 1995. By the day of the week, both 1994 and 1995 showed the lowest figures on Sundays. In the multi-variable analysis of variance to nitrogen oxides, there was not a noticeable statistical figure by the year and by a day of the week, but there did exist a noteworthy difference among the monthly emission concentrations (p<0.05). The means of daily maximal concentration and daily average concentration of the emitted nitrogen oxides were 175.6±23.82ppm and 122.3±26.92ppm in 1994, and 143.7±16.57ppm and 100.2±25.85ppm in 1995, respectively. By month, the means of its daily average concentration was lowest in June, 1994 at 89.4±26.29ppm and 72.7±31.36ppm in April, 1995. By the day of week, there was not much variation, it was lowest on Saturdays at 116.6±24.74ppm in 1994 and on Wednesdays at 93.4±25.79ppm in 1995. In the result of the multi-variable analysis of variance, it was significant that there was a difference in the nitrogen oxides emission concentration between the by-the-year figure of p<0.05 and by-the-mouth figure of p<0.05. This result suggests that the adoption of garbage packing system may affect the emission concentration of emitted nitrogen oxides from household waste incineration facility.

Late-Onset Schizophrenia (Paraphrenia) 1례

신석철,이봉희,지익성 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1995 충남의대잡지 Vol.22 No.2

We experienced a case of late onset-schizophrenia in 83 year-old woman who was involuntary admitted by sons. She showed florid psychotic symptoms of persecutory delusion, auditory and visual hallucination, somatic passivity experiences, idea of reference, self-talking, anhedonia, poverty of speech, flattening & restricted affect, irritable tense and anxious mood, insomnia. aggression, poor of eye contact, poor of personal hygiene, social withdrawal, impairment of role functioning from 2 months ago. Other personality problems showed odd belief and magical thinking influence behavior, paranoid ideation, peculiar behavior. General condition was poor because she refused the food and lost the ability of caring herself. Past histroy reported previous psychotic episodes (1986, 1991) and family history reported the mental disorder of her brother. She was diagnosed as late-onset schiaophrenia, paranoid, episodic with interepisode residual symptoms (Paraphrenia) and schizotypal personality trait. During the hospitalization, she had been studied ; brain MRI was nonspecific, brain SPECT showed the hypoperfusion of frontal lobe. She was treated with high-potency antipsychotic (haloperidol) and a supportive psychotherapy. She improved and was discharged with clear sensorium without any psychotic symptoms but no insight.

아세클로페낙 연질캡슬(클란자 에스 연질캡슬)의 개발

용철순,이경희,최진석,박병주,정세현,김용일,박상만,배명수,김귀자,김영식,유창훈,강성룡,유봉규,이종달,최한곤 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.1

To develop and aceclofenac soft capsule, four preparations with various solubilizers were prepared and their dissolution test was carried out. Among four preparations tested, a preparation with ethanolamine was selected a formula of aceclofenac soft capsule (Clanza S^(™), since it showed the fastest dissolution rate. Bioequivalence of aceclofenac tablet, Airtal^(™)(Dae-Woong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and aceclofenac soft capsule, Clanza S^(™)(Korea United Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) was evaluated according to the guideline of KFDA. Fourteen normal male volunteers (age 20-25 years old) were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After oral administration of one tablet or capsule containing 100 ㎎ of aceclofenac, blood ws taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentration of aceclofenac in plasma wa determined with an HPLC method under UV detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters (C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t)) were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis of parameters using logarithmically transformed AUC_(t), C_(max) and T_(max) between Airtal tablet and Clanza soft capsule were 2.89%, 0.18% and 43.0%, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.250(e.g.log(0.81) - log(1.23) and log(0.89) - log(1.14)) for AUC_(t) and C_(max), respectively. Thus, the criteria of the KDFA guidelines for the equivalence was satisfied, indicating that Clanza S^(™) soft capsule is bioequivalent to Airtal^(™) tablet.

소비자의 개인적 성격 특성과 휴먼 브랜드 애착 및 충성도와의 관계 : 빅 파이브(Big Five) 성격모형을 중심으로

김봉철,안주아,최양호 한국방송광고공사 2007 광고연구 Vol.0 No.77

Attachment is a type of strong emotional relationship that people usually first experience as children with their parents; later in life, this attachment routinely develops with other“ target”, such as human brand. Celebrities or entertainers can be considered human brands because they could be professionally managed and they have additional associations and features of a brand. The purpose of this study is to investigate (1) attachment to human brand by consumer demographics such as gender and age, (2) the relationship between personal characters (Big Five model) and attachment to human brand, and (3) attachment to human brand and human brand loyalty(satisfaction, trust, and commitment). The study found that attachment to human brand by gender had a statistically significant difference but there was no significant difference of human brand attachment by age. The Big Five factors had significant correlations with attachment to human brand. The findings also showed that human brand attachment had significant correlations with satisfaction, trust, and commitment, respectively. The findings suggested that attachment to human brand had some positive relationships with consumer personal characters. In the future, we need more segmented approach on finding out consumer’s personal characters so that we could strategically manage human brand. 애착이란 자신과 가까운 사람에 대해서 느끼는 강한 감정적 유대관계로, 최근에는 소비자 행동에까지 확대 적용되고 있다. 특히 유명 연예인과 같은 휴먼 브랜드는 대중들이 이들 휴먼 브랜드에 대해 얼마나 애착을 갖고 있는가에 따라 인기가 좌우된다. 따라서 인구통계적 속성에 따른 휴먼 브랜드에 대한 애착을 살펴보고, 휴먼 브랜드에 대한 애착과 개인적 성격 특성(빅 파이브 성격 변인)의 관계 및 휴먼 브랜드에 대한 애착과 충성도(만족도, 신뢰도, 헌신)의 관계를 분석하였다. 연구결과, 인구통계적 속성에 따른 휴먼 브랜드에 대한 애착은 성별에 따라 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었으나 연령에 따라서는 통계적으로 유의미하지 않았다. 또한 휴먼 브랜드에 대한 애착과 빅 파이브 성격 변인은 전체적으로 유의미한 상관관계를 보였으며 휴먼 브랜드에 대한 애착과 만족도, 신뢰도, 헌신도 모두 유의미한 상관관계가 있었다. 결국 휴먼 브랜드에 대해서는 성별에 따라 애착의 정도가 다르게 나타났으며 휴먼 브랜드에 대한 애착은 개인의 성격 차원과 상관관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이는 브랜드 애착이 장기적으로 소비자와 휴먼 브랜드 관계에서 긍정적인 역할을 할 수 있음을 시사한다. 따라서 휴먼 브랜드의 전략적인 관리를 위해서는 소비자인 대중의 성격을 이해하고 이를 바탕으로 한 세분화된 접근이 필요하다.

미국 문명과『위대한 개츠비』

전봉철 釜山大學校 1996 人文論叢 Vol.49 No.1

AbstractF. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby is set in the American 1920's called the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties which is usually represented by money and gaiety. However, The Great Gatsby can not be simply read as a chronicle of the. Jazz Age but rather as a fresh analysis of American social experience reflecting the theme of a civilization is decline. This theme is bound up with the corruption of the American dream. The very corruption which has led to moral and spiritual corruption, instability and sterility is attributed to the fact that the ‘spiritual’part has been wiped out and the ‘material’ part has become the only means recognized as a way to achieve the American dream: American idealism or pastoralism has been corrupted by materialism, or what Leo Marx called ‘the machine in the garden.’Fitzgerald explores American civilization in decay through a masterly use of various motifs, symbols and technical devices. This paper attempts to analyze the corruption of American civilization, focusing on symbolic imagery in The Great Gatsby.

학습시간 단축을 위한 역전파 학습 알고리즘 개선

박수봉,박철웅 東新大學校 1997 論文集 Vol.9 No.-

Multilayer neural networks are widely used in classification and recognition due to their ability to learn a range of complicated weights and map. These neural networks are studied and compared with gradient descent for learning with an arbitrary number of hidden units. In this paper, we propose a convergence speed improvement of back- propagation learning algorithm that is used to recognize license plates in vehicles. The proposed algorithm modifies weights by each learning conditions that is decided by (-) sign and (+) sign in weights between the hidden layer and the output layer. First, weights is modified by general back-propagation. And weights among each layers is redundantly modified by weights sign. Through the simulation results to recognize license plates in vehicles, we show that the learning algorithm is faster than BEP(Back-error propagation) in convergence speed. Therefore the learning algorithm is widely applied to image and speech recognition.

고정화 균체를 이용한 2,5-Diketo-Gluconic Acid 발효생산

신봉수,신철수 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.6

고정화 균체를 이용하여 비타민C 합성의 주요 중간체인 2,5-diketo-gluconic acid (2,5-DKG)를 효율적으로 생산하기 위하여 glucose로부터 2,5-DKG로의 발효반응 특성의 분석 및 효율적인 고정화균체의 발효공정을 개발하고자 하였다. Ca-alginate로 고정화된 균체를 2,5-DKG 생산에 이용할 때 고정화 담체내로의 기질의 diffusion 저해가 관찰되었고, 이러한 현상은 담체의 지름이 2 mm에서 다소 완화되어 가장 높은 2,5-DKG 수율이 얻어졌다. 고정화 균체의 장기적인 활성 유지는 질소원으로 polypeptone만을 1.75%(w/v) 첨가하여 가능하였다. 고정화균체를 충진한 fluidized bubble column 반응기에서 공기공급속도 6vvm으로 repeated batch fermentation를 6회 반복 수행하여도 균체의 활성이 유지되었으며, 80 mol% 이상의 수율로 2,5-DKG 생산이 가능하였다. For the efficient production of 2,5-diketo-gluconic acid (2,5-DKG) by the immobilized cell reactor was developed. The immobilized cell appeared to have diffusion limitation, and a maximum production of 2.4-DKG was accomplished with 2 mm diameters of immobilized beads. Long-term stabilities of the immobilized cells could be maintained by addition of 1.75% (w/v) polypeptone. Repeated batch fermentations with about 80 mol% of 2.5-DKG yields were carried out six times in the fluidized bubble column reactors filled with immobilized cells at an aeration rate of 6 vvm.