남조류의 체외 대사부산물이 다른 조류의 광합성에 미치는 타감작용

김범철,허우명,황길순,안태석,심재형 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1994 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.-

The effect of cyanobacterial extracellular byproducts upon the aIgal photosynthesis was assessed to elucidate the allelopathic effect of algal blooms in eutrophic lake. Algal cultures were filtered with 0.2μm membrane filters to remove algal cells and sterilized. 0 to 30m1aliquots of filtrate were added to 25m1 culture suspensions of other algal species, and the (14)^C uptake rates wert measured. The filtrates of cyanobacterial cultures(Anabaena flos-aquae, Phormidium sp.) inhibited the photosynthesis of green algae(Selenastrum capricornutum and Scenedesmus brasiliensis), while the filtrate of Selenastrum capricornutum and Scenedesmuns brasiliensis did not inhibit Anabaena flos-aqiae. In the autoinhibition test Anabaena flos-aquae, Selenastrum capricornutum, and Scenedesmus brasiliensis showed positive, negative, and no effects, respectively.

소양호에서 인의 존개 형태별 분포에 관하여 : The Distribution of Phosphorus Fractions in Lake Soyang

김범철,허우명,황길순,김동섭,최광순 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1996 環境硏究 Vol.13 No.-

The distribution of phosphorus in Lake Soyang from January 1985 to August 1992 was surveyed by the measurement of soluble reactive phosphorus(SRP), total dissolved phosphorus(DTP), and total phosphorus(TP) concentration. SRP concentration was in the range of 2~7㎎/㎥ in epilimnion, and 4~200㎎P/㎥ in hypolimnion. The vertical distribution pattern of SRP showed a large difference with the season. SRP concentration decereased during the growing season of phytoplankton in the epilimnion of Lake Soyang and increased in hypolimnion during the oxygen depletion. Higher concentration near the bottom implies they are diffused from the bottom sediment where organic particles are settled and degraded. SRP, DOP, POP and TP concentration was higher in the meralimnion of Lake Soyang in rainy season It might be related with storm runoff. General trend of TP variation is that the TP concentration of water column is increasing substantially from yeat to year. TP concentration in the surface water increased from 5㎎P/㎥ at 1985 to 20㎎P/㎥ at 1992.

한강수계 인공호의 부영양화에 관한 비교 연구

김범철,안태석,조규송 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1989 環境硏究 Vol.6 No.-

Trophic states were surveyed in reservoirs of the Han River. Trophic states were assessed from chlorophyll a concentration, Secchi sisc transparency, total phosphorus andprimary productivity in recent several years. Trophic state indices(TSI)sere calculated from the summer-time average of water quality data. TSIs were in the rage of mesotrophy to eutrophy, from 40 to 55. The highest TSI of all the frservoirs of the Han River was observed at the inlet of the south Han River in Lake Paldang. TSI varied with year because of such event as turbid flood inflow, water bloom, and descending water level. The correlation ceofficients between the six TSIs were high, but the probabilities of paired T-test were very low, which means significant differences in the absolute dimensions of the TSIs. The correlation between TSI (SD) and TSI (TP) was highest and TSI(Chl) showed lower correlation with TSI(SD) and TSI(TP)

The Hypolimnetic Anexie zone and the Metalimnetic Oxygen Minimum Layer in a Deep Reservoir, Lake Soyang

김범철,조규송 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1989 環境硏究 Vol.6 No.-

소양호의 용존산소 수직분포를 1985년 7월부터 1989년 7월까지 1∼2개월 간격으로 조사하였다. 전반적으로 용존산소농도가 매년 감소하는 추세를 보이고 있으며, 특히 1988년에는 심층에 무산소층이 형성되어 순환기 직전에는 저층으로부터 15m 높이까지 확대되었다. 이는 1980년대초까지 빈영양호이었던 소양호가 부영양화되고 있음을 보여주는 것이며 무산소층에서는 저층으로부터 용출된 무기인산염과 암모니아의 농도가 매우 높아 앞으로 영양염용출 증가에 의해 소양호의 부영양화는 가속될 것으로 예상된다. 또한 최근 수년간 겨울기온이 높았던 것도 수직혼합을 감소시킴으로써 용존산소 감소에 기여했을 것으로 보인다. 매년여름 수심 10∼20m에서 중층 산소최저층이 나타나고 있는데 이것은 국내 대형 저수지에서의 전형적인 분포형태인 것으로 보인다. 산소최저층이 표층의 혼합층 바로 아래에 형성되고, 수심이 깊어지면서 다시 서서히 산소가 증가하는 것으로 볼때 형성원인은 표층의 수온이 높아 산소비율이 크고 표층의 혼합층까지만 산소가 공급되기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 또한 장마철에 중층으로 유입되는 유입수에 현탁물이 많이 포함되어 있으며 산소최저층은 새로이 형성되는 중간츠으이 상부와 수심이 일치하고 있고 항상 여름의 우기에 형성되는 것으로 보아 우기의 유입수와 관련이 있을 수도 있다. The seasonal and vertical dissolved oxygen distributions were surveyed from July 1985 to July 1989 in a warm monomictic dendritic-shape reservoir, Lake Soyang. DO content showed the general trend of decrease from year to year, implying the advance of eutro· phication. HypoUmnetic anoxic zone began to develop in 1988 reaching upto 15 m from the bottom, which is an epoch·making event in Lake Soyang, well-known as a clear oligotrophich lake until early 1980s. In anoxic zone phosphate and ammonia concentration were very high, and nitrate depleted, which is expected to accelerate eutrophication of Lake Soyang. Insufficient cooling of surface waters in warm winters of 1986 to 1988 seems to have enhanced the DO decrease by reducing the duration of turnover. Metalimnetic 00 minimum layer appearing every late summer at the depth 15∼20m is a remarkable feature of DO distribution which is thought to be the typical pattern in large Korean reservoirs. The mechanism of the formation of metalimnetic oxygen minimum is further to be studied. However, it seems to be caused by the higher rate of oxygen consumption in epilimnion due to high temperature and the oxygen supply limited to only surface mixed layer, since it is formed just below the mixed layer and dissolved oxygen increase gradually in deeper layer. The intermediate current of storm runoff laden with organic debris of terrestrial origin might be the alternative cause.

Primary Productivity Measurement by Photosynthesis-Irradiance Model Method in Lake Soyang and the Behavior of Model Parameters

김범철,김동섭 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1989 環境硏究 Vol.6 No.-

광합성-광도 모델법을 이용하여 소양호의 일차 생산력 측정과 모델 변수의 동태를 조사하였다. 일차 생산력은 댐앞 지점에서 여름에 800∼1800mgC/㎥/day로 높고 겨울에 100mgC/㎥/dayd 이하로 낮게 나타났으며, Peridiniumbipes 가 밀집되는 계곡 유입부는 댐앞 지점보다 높게 나타났다. 광합성-광도 곡선의 초기 기울기(α), 광저해 계수(β) 그리고 Ik는 식품 플랑크톤의 적응 광도 변수와 신뢰성 있는 상관관계를 보여,α β 그리고 Ik가 광적옹도의 좋은 지표로 나타났다. 또한 동화 계수는 α β와 신뢰성 있는 양의 상관관계를 보였으며 이는 소양호에서 암적응된 식물플랑크톤이 α와 β가 크고 동화 계수도 크다는 것을 의미한다. α와 β는 채수수심의 광도보다 혼합층의 평균광도와 더 놓은 상관관계를 보여 식물 플랑크톤의 적응광도는 채수 수심의 광도가 아니고 혼합층의 평균 광도인 것으로 나타났다. Primary productivity was measured by phtosynthesis-irradiance (P-I) model method in a dendritic reservoir, Lake Soyang. Primary productivity was at the mesotrophicIeveI at the dam site. Productivity at the dam site was the highest in summer, 800-1800 mgC/m' / day, and low in winter, below 100. Primary productivity was higher in stream inlet regions where the migrating dinoflagellate, Peridinium lJipes, aggregates than the open water regions. P-I curves measured under the attenuated sun light or artificial light were fitted to a three parameter model. The initial slopes of P-I curves (a). the degree of photoinhiition (P), and Ik showed positive correlation with the light level that phytoplankton undergo. Therefore, α, β and Ik are good indicators of light-adaptation. AN showed positive correlation with α and β, which means that in Lake Soyang the shade-type pytoplankton has higher α and higher AN. The mean solar radiation of the mixing zone from surface to thermocline showed higher correlation with α and β than the solar radiation at the sampling depth. Therefore. it can be concluded that phytoplankton migrate through the mixing zone and phytoplankton is adapted to the mean light intensity of mixing zone, not the light intensity at the sampling depth.

히스타민 및 항히스타민제가 L_(1210)백혈병세포계증식에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

염범우,이대일,백승룡 고려대학교 의과대학 1986 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.23 No.1

There is close relationship between growth of tumor cell and immunologic function of the host. And growth of tumor cell also partially depends on histamine which indirectly modulate degree of immunologic response of the host. However, there is no report on direct effect of histamine on the growth of tumor cell. Therefore, to evaluate direct effect of histamine on growth of tumor cell, histamine and Hz-receptor antagonist (cimetidine) were added in Fischer's culture media in concentration of 10^(-3)M , 10^(-4)M and 10^(-5)M and cultured L1:10 leukemic cell for 24,72 and 96 hours. The results are as followings; 1. Histamine iii high concentration(10^(-3)M) inhibited the proliferation of L_(1210) cell lines. 2. H2-receptor antagonist showed no inhibitory activity on the proliferation of L_(1210) leukemic cell lines a t each concentration and (10^(-3), 10^(-4) and 10^(-5)). 3. The combination of histamine and H2-receptor antagonist showed temporary inhibitory effect on the L(1210) leukemic cell lines at 24 hours culture. Above results suggest that histamine show inhibitory activity to growth of L_(1210) leukemic cell lines through H2-receptor.

韓國의 工業化와 農地制度

鄭範錫,金炳台 건국대학교 1974 學術誌 Vol.17 No.1

1 The history of human life is the process of pursing the condition of better life, under which technology has improved and social institution changed. Any social institution which is not adaptable to, or detrimental to, technological improvement is bound to be reformed or discarded. Good eoamples can be seen in land reforms which several countries carried out in the wake of World war II. The primary cause of the Land Reform in Korea was to get rid of the feudal factors which had checked agricultural development. It was undertaken to keep step with improving industrial society, to make the most effective use of natural resources, to promote the public welfare and help contribute to the welfare of the people. Since the Reform introduced about 20 years age. the industry has developed to a higher level, while agriculture has made slow progress. As a result, the gap between agriculture and industry has grown evenmore, which is now an obstacle to the industrial development. Therefore, the peasant's land-owner-ship system breeded from the Land reform has shown its limit to the agricultural development. 2 In Korea, the land Reform in 1950 eliminated a parasitic large-landowner ship-system. As a result, a total of 767,320 hectares of farm land was the tenant farmers were put in place of the landed through the compensatory purchase and distribution, that is, because of the distribution of 567,320 ha farm lands to 1,646,180 houses did the tenant farmers disappear. Not long after the farm lands were distributed, however, the heavy burden of repayment, the continued low grain price policy, and the resulting penury of farmers which was the Land Reform and, moreover, even mire aggravated during the Korean War in 1950 forced them to resell the dstributed lands to become another tenant farmers. The farmers who thus again turned landless now account for about 26.5% of the total farmers, while about 20% of the total farm land area, or 460,000 hectares, are put under tenant system, though it may not be defined as "feudalistic." Moreover, once they became free from the tenant system, they also became free from any protection as well. Thus, they got poorer than before the Land Reform, and the fertility of soil decreased even more. The average size of farm household dicreased to 0.92ha compared with 1.08 at the end of 1945. The new land ownership system, thus, became an important factor deterrent to both the growth of productivity and the improvement of technology in the agricultural fetor, resulting in a wider gap between the industrial and agricultural fetors. 3 All of these considerations stress the urgent need to introduce a new reform with regard to the landownership system. Basically, such a reform should be related to the reassesment of the principle of self-supporting, independent farmers. More urgent problem, however, is to check the resurrection of tenant farmers, by means of introducing new laws. And pending such a legislation, some counter-measures must be made to protect the deprived farmers. And the judicial bodies are required to produce new cases. Such cases might be to recognize the vested rights of the farmers over the land they cultivate on lease. Though the depriviation of poor farmers are basically due to the shortfalls of the Law, such judicial decisions might be of much help in improving the present situation until a new law is enacted. Eventually, however, the marginal tams should be consolidated in to cooperative farms in order to do away with their penury and to male them better adapt to the industrial development. In short, the new land reform law should include the following; (1) A cooperative, or a farmers, corporation(which is to be operated by the farmers themselves) shall be entitled to the farm management, (at present, a cooperative, prohibited from engaging in management, there is no law permitting a farmers corporation.) (2) Such a corporation shall be allowed to have its own farm-land and at the same time be exempted from the present limitation to the size of farmland. (3) The individual farm lands in vested in the corporation shall not be transferee to others without the consent of the corporate body, who will be given the priority in purchasing them. (4) The State shall finance the farming of such a corporation, as well as its purchasing of farmlands. (5) The Corperation may not refuse the buying of the farm land should any individual farmer so request. (6) If a member of the cooperation ,rants to quit the membership and to restore his own land instead of receiving the price for it, the corporation shall return has such land to him if its management is not seriously interrupted by that; but if it is, the corporation shall purchase a similar land and return it to him. (7) The lands invested in the Cooperation shall be capitalized; the rent shall act as dividends the members of the corporation be guaranteed to be paid a 20% share dividend of an average out put; it being fixed permanrtly. (8) The Cooperation shall have the right to mortage the lands of its members. (9) The allotment in profit shall be shared in such order as; the first, the rent of land; the second, capital; and the third, labour. (10) All kinds of the tenancy shall be prohibited, and the today's landlords and tenant farmers, be welcomed to join the Cooperative management. (11) A Farm Land Committee shall be reorganized and strengthened; the landlords shall be prohibited from selling off their lands, while those who are not farmers from obtaining the lands. Finally, there is one thing we must be careful. The Cooperation mustbe promoted, but not enforced, by the Government; it must be a voluntary body of farmers.

常虛先生의 片貌

鄭範錫 건국대학교 1976 學術誌 Vol.20 No.1

德成女子大學의 敎養敎育

朴凡洙 덕성여자대학교 학생생활연구소 1984 學生生活硏究 Vol.4 No.-

協議離婚에 關한 小考

鄭範錫 건국대학교 1975 樂圓誌 Vol.10 No.1

이혼은 부부의 생존 중에 당사자의 의사에 의하여 손인을 해소하는 것을 말한다. 생각컨대 혼인은 남녀의 종생적 결합을 목적으로 하는 것이므로 인위적으로 이것을 해소한다는 것은 본래의 의도에 어긋나는 것이다. 종교적, 도덕적인 면만이 아니고 일반사회적인 면으로도 바람직한 것은 아니다. 그렇다고 도저히 계속될 수 없는 혼인관계를 법률상 강제로 유지하여 당사자를 구속해 보아도 오히려 더 잔혹할 경우가 있다. 그리하여 근대각국에서는 이혼제도를 인정하게 되었다. 역사적으로 볼 때 이혼은 금지주의에서 제한주의로 제한주의에서 자유주의로 발전하여 오고 있다고 할 수 있다. 우리 현행민법에는 협의이혼과 재판이혼의 두 가지 이혼제도를 받아들이고 있다. 우리나라의 이혼은 95%를 상하하여 협의이혼에 의하고 있음을 고려할 때, 이혼제도가 본래의 입법취지와 같이 올바르게 공평하게 운영되고 있느냐의 여부는 협의이혼의 성과에 크게 매였다고 할 수 있다. 그런데, 실제에 있어서는 부혼의 실력에 차가 크기 때문에 협의이혼을 악 이용하여 부가 처를 축출 이혼하는 경우가 많음을 알 수 있다. 그러므로 법개정을 하든지 법운영에 특별한 입법을 강구하여 이러한 이혼제도의 악이용을 막아야한다. 그러나 우리는 강자의 축출이혼을 막아야 할 뿐만 아니라 약자의 이혼제도 악이용도 동시에 막아야 한다. 이혼제도는 결코 부만 위하거나 처만 위하는 것이 아니기 때문이다. 본에서는 협의이혼을 함에 있어서 당사자 일방이 무제한하고 자유로이 이혼의사를 철회할 수 있느냐의 여부를 검토하여 잘못이 있을 때 그 대안을 제시하여 이혼제도의 올바른 운명을 기하고자한다.