Starch composition, glycemic indices, phenolic constituents, and antioxidative and antidiabetic properties of some common tropical fruits

Ganiyu Oboh,Ayokunle O. Ademosun,Margareth Akinleye,Olasunkanmi S. Omojokun,Aline A. Boligon,Margareth L. Athayde 한국식품연구원 2015 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.2 No.2

Background: Studies have supported the protective effect of high fruit consumption in the management of chronic diseases such as diabetes. Methods: Thirteen fresh tropical fruits were sourced for and the fruits juices were extracted, freeze dried, and then reconstituted for analysis. The sugar, starch, amylose, and amylopectin contents as well as glycemic indices, antioxidant properties, and the ability of the fruits to inhibit starch-hydrolyzing enzymes were determined. Also, the phenolic constituents of the fruits were characterized using highperformance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector. Results: The starch, sugar, amylase, and amylopectin contents were 3.01-3.89 g/100 g, 35.34-60.91 g/ 100 g, 0.84-1.46 g/100 g, and 1.68-2.86 g/100 g, respectively, while the glycemic indices were 28.01 e68.34, with African star apple (28.01) having the lowest and watermelon (68.34) the highest. Furthermore, the fruits exhibited high antioxidant properties as exemplified by their DPPH, ABTS+, OH, and NO radical scavenging abilities. Likewise, the fruits also demonstrated a-amylase and a-glucosidase inhibitory property with Soursop (IC50 = 18.52 mg/mL), guava (IC50 = 19.77 mg/mL), and African star apple (IC50 = 20.86 mg/mL) showing the highest inhibitory potential among the 13 fruits. Similarly, the same trend was followed for a-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Conclusion: The fruits' low glycemic indices, strong antioxidant properties, and inhibition of a-amylase and a-glucosidase activities could be possible mechanisms for their use in the management and prevention of type-2 diabetes.

HPLC-DAD Phenolic Profiling and In Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Three Prominent Nigerian Spices

Olufunmilayo Sade Omoba,Aderonke Ibidunni Olagunju,Sule Ola Salawu,Aline Augusti Boligon 한국식품영양과학회 2019 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.24 No.2

Spices and herbs have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial properties, amongst others. These characteristics are attributable to their composition, such as high polyphenol and flavonoid contents that are responsible for their antioxidative properties. Methanolic extracts of Ocimum basilicum (OB), Xylopia aethiopica (XA), and Piper guineensis (PG) were evaluated to profile their phenolic compounds and in vitro antioxidant properties. High performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection phenolic compounds profiling revealed that quercetin, quercitrin, and isoquercitrin are the most prevalent phenolic compound in OB, XA, and PG, respectively. All the extracts possessed good antioxidant activity. XA showed the highest total phenolic content of 29.50 ㎎ gallic acid equivalents/g, a total flavonoid content of 21.17 ㎎ quercetin equivalents/g, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging abilities of 29% and 88.23%, respectively, and a nitric oxide scavenging activity of 44.13 ㎎/g. Thus, the XA methanolic extract demonstrated a high content of phenolic compounds and significant antioxidative properties, with prospective potency to prevent oxidative damage and promote better cardiovascular health.

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] Leaf Sheath Dye Protects Against Cisplatin-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Rats

Adedayo O. Ademiluyi,Ganiyu Oboh,Oluwaseun J. Agbebi,Aline A. Boligon,Margareth L. Athayde 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.12

This study sought to determine the protective effect of dietary inclusion of sorghum leaf sheath dye on cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. Adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups with six animals in each group. Groups I and II were fed a basal diet, while groups III and IV were fed diets containing 0.5% and 1% sorghum leaf sheath dye, respectively, for 20 days before cisplatin administration. Hepatotoxicity was induced by a single dose of cisplatin (7 mg/kg body weight, i.p.), and the experiment was terminated at 3 days after cisplatin injection. The liver and plasma were studied for hepatotoxicity and antioxidant capacity. Cisplatin caused a significant (P < .05) alteration in plasma and liver enzymatic (catalase, glutathione-S-transferase [GST], and superoxide dismutase [SOD]) and nonenzymatic (glutathione [GSH] and vitamin C) antioxidant indices with a concomitant increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content; however, there was a significant (P < .05) restoration of the antioxidant status coupled with a significant (P < .05) decrease in the tissue MDA content, after consumption of diets containing sorghum leaf sheath dye. Furthermore, dietary inclusion of sorghum leaf sheath dye caused a marked reduction in the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase after cisplatin administration. However, the ability of the dye to prevent significant cisplatin-induced alteration of both plasma and liver antioxidant indices suggests an antioxidant mechanism of action. Hence, this protective effect of Sorghum bicolor leaf sheath dye against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats reflects its potential and beneficial role in the prevention of liver damage associated with cisplatin administration.

Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Potential of Two Nigerian Bitter Yams Using a Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion Model and Conventional Extraction

Salawu, Sule Ola,Ajiboye, Praise Blessing,Akindahunsi, Akintunde Afolabi,Boligon, Aline Augusti The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2017 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of yellow and white bitter yams from South Western Nigeria using methanolic extraction and simulated gastrointestinal digestion models. The phenolic compounds in the bitter yam varieties were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The total phenolic content of the bitter yams was measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, reductive potential by assessing the ability of the bitter yam to reduce $FeCl_3$ solution, and the antioxidant activities were determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical ($DPPH^{\cdot}$) scavenging activity, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation ($ABTS^{{\cdot}+}$) scavenging activity, nitric oxide radical ($NO^{\cdot}$) scavenging ability, hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, and ability to inhibit $Fe^{2+}$-induced lipid oxidation. The HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the presence of some phenolic compounds in the studied bitter yam varieties, with varying degree of quantitative changes after cooking. The antioxidant indices (total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, reducing power, $DPPH^{\cdot}$ scavenging activity, $ABTS^{{\cdot}+}$ scavenging activity, and $NO^{\cdot}$ scavenging activity) were higher in the simulated gastrointestinal digestion model compared to the methanolic extract, with the in vitro digested cooked white bitter yam ranking higher. Similarly, the in vitro digested yams had a higher inhibitory action against lipid oxidation compared to the methanolic extracts, with the cooked white bitter yam ranking high. The methanolic extracts and in vitro enzyme digests showed no acetylcholinesterase inhibitory abilities, while methanolic extracts and the in vitro enzyme digest displayed some level of butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. Therefore the studied bitter yams could be considered as possible health supplements.

In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Effect of Parkia biglobosa Bark Extract on Mitochondrial Redox Status

Kayode Komolafe,Tolulope Mary Olaleye,Olaposi Idowu Omotuyi,Aline Augusti Boligon,Margareth Linde Athayde,Akintunde Afolabi Akindahunsi,Joao Batista Teixeira da Rocha 사단법인약침학회 2014 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.7 No.4

Aqueous-methanolic extract of Parkia biglobosa bark (PBB) was screened for its polyphe- nolic constituents, in vitro antioxidant activity, and effect on mitochondria redox status. The in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed by using the scavenging abilities and the reducing powers of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and 2,2 0 -azino-bis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) diammonium salt radical cation against Fe 3þ . Subsequently, the ability of PBB to inhibit lipid peroxidation induced by FeSO 4 (10 mm) and its metal-chelating potential were investigated. The effects of the extract on basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and on the mitochondrial membrane potential (DJm) in isolated mitochondria were determined by using 2 0 , 7 0 -dichlorodihy- drofluorescin (DCFH) oxidation and safranin fluorescence, respectively. PBB mitigated the Fe(II)-induced lipid peroxidation in rat tissues and showed dose-dependent scav- enging of DPPH (IC 50 : 98.33 ± 10.0 mg/mL) and ABTS. (trolox equivalent antioxidant concentration, TEAC value = 0.05), with considerable ferric-reducing and moderate metal-chelating abilities. PBB caused slight decreases in both the liver and the brain mitochondria potentials and resulted in a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in DCFH oxida- tion. Screening for polyphenolics using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) revealed the presence of caffeic acid, gallic acid, catechin, epigalocatechin, rutin, and quercetin. These results demonstrate for the first time the considerable in vitro antioxidant activity and favorable effect of PBB on mito- chondria redox status and provide justification for the use of the plant in ethnomedicine.

Effect of Two Ginger Varieties on Arginase Activity in Hypercholesterolemic Rats

Ayodele Jacob Akinyemi,Ganiyu Oboh,Adedayo Oluwaseun Ademiluyi,Aline Augusti Boligon,Margareth Linde Athayde 사단법인약침학회 2016 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.9 No.2

Recently, ginger has been used in traditional Chinese medicine as an herbal therapy for treating several cardiovascular diseases, however, information on its mechanism of action is limited. The present study assessed the effect of two ginger varieties (Zingiber officinale and Curcuma longa) on the arginase activity, atherogenic index, levels of liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs), and plasma lipids in rats fed with a high-cholesterol (2%) diet for 14 days. Following the treatment period, it was found that feeding a high-cholesterol diet to rats caused significant (p < 0.05) increases in arginase activity, atherogenic index, levels of TBARS, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with a concomitant decrease in highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). However, both ginger and turmeric (2% and 4%) caused significant (p < 0.05) decreases in arginase activity and the atherogenic index, and prevented hypercholesterolemia by decreasing the TC, TGs, and LDL-C while increasing the HDL-C when compared with the controls. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with both types of rhizomes (ginger and turmeric) inhibited arginase activity and prevented hypercholesterolemia in rats that received a high-cholesterol diet. Therefore, these activities of ginger and turmeric represent possible mechanisms underlying its use in herbal medicine to treat several cardiovascular diseases.

Capsicum annuum var. grossum (Bell Pepper) Inhibits β-Secretase Activity and β-Amyloid1–40 Aggregation

Omodesola Oluwafisayo Ogunruku,Ganiyu Oboh,Sabina Passamonti,Federica Trammer,Aline Augusti Boligon 한국식품영양과학회 2017 Journal of medicinal food Vol.20 No.2

The deposition of amyloid protein as senile plaques is the major signature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is produced by the sequential cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein by secretases. Moreover, peppers are noted for their antiaging and cognitive enhancing properties. Thus, in this study, the effects of polyphenol-rich extracts from bell pepper on amyloid production and aggregation in vitro were investigated. Bell pepper (ripe and unripe) was extracted with methanol-1 N HCl (1:1 v/v). Thereafter, the inhibitory potentials of the extracts on β-secretase and β-amyloid1–40 aggregation were determined. Phenolic composition of the pepper fruits was further determined by HPLC-DAD (high performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector). There was a dose-dependent inhibition of β-secretase by the pepper fruits with the ripe fruits (2.17 ± 0.17 μg/L) showing a significantly (P < .05) higher inhibitory effect than the unripe (3.44 ± 0.11 μg/L). Furthermore, Thioflavin-T and transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that phenolic extracts from pepper fruits (1 and 10 μg/L) could counteract the initial aggregation of Aβ1–40, as well as prevent further aggregation preformed fibrils. These inhibitory activities could be attributed to the predominant presence of phenolic constituents in the pepper fruits. It is possible to conclude that bell pepper could be a possible dietary intervention into the management of AD.

Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Potential of Two Nigerian Bitter Yams Using a Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion Model and Conventional Extraction

Sule Ola Salawu,Praise Blessing Ajiboye,Akintunde Afolabi Akindahunsi,Aline Augusti Boligon 한국식품영양과학회 2017 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of yellow and white bitter yams from South Western Nigeria using methanolic extraction and simulated gastrointestinal digestion models. The phenolic compounds in the bitter yam varieties were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The total phenolic content of the bitter yams was measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, reductive potential by assessing the ability of the bitter yam to reduce FeCl₃ solution, and the antioxidant activities were determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·) scavenging activity, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS<SUP>·+</SUP>) scavenging activity, nitric oxide radical (NO<SUP>·</SUP>) scavenging ability, hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, and ability to inhibit Fe<SUP>2+</SUP>-induced lipid oxidation. The HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the presence of some phenolic compounds in the studied bitter yam varieties, with varying degree of quantitative changes after cooking. The antioxidant indices (total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, reducing power, DPPH<SUP>·</SUP> scavenging activity, ABTS<SUP>·+</SUP> scavenging activity, and NO<SUP>·</SUP> scavenging activity) were higher in the simulated gastrointestinal digestion model compared to the methanolic extract, with the in vitro digested cooked white bitter yam ranking higher. Similarly, the in vitro digested yams had a higher inhibitory action against lipid oxidation compared to the methanolic extracts, with the cooked white bitter yam ranking high. The methanolic extracts and in vitro enzyme digests showed no acetylcholinesterase inhibitory abilities, while methanolic extracts and the in vitro enzyme digest displayed some level of butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. Therefore the studied bitter yams could be considered as possible health supplements.

In Vitro Trypanocidal Activity of Macela (Achyrocline satureioides) Extracts against Trypanosoma evansi

Matheus D. Baldissera,Camila B. Oliveira,Carine E. P. Zimmermann,Aline A. Boligon,Margareth Linde Athayde,Leandro P. Bolzan,Rodrigo de A. Vaucher,Janio M. Santurio,Michele R. Sagrillo,Aleksandro Schaf 대한기생충학열대의학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.52 No.3

Lasianthera Africana leaves inhibits α-amylase α-glucosidase, angiotensin-I converting enzyme activities and Fe2+-induced oxidative damage in pancreas and kidney homogenates

Sidiqat A. Shodehinde,Ganiyu Oboh,Sunday I. Oyeleye,Tosin A. Olasehinde,Adeniyi A. Adebayo,Aline A. Boligon 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2017 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.17 No.1

Lasianthera africana is a dark green leafy vegetable commonly consumed as food and used for treatment of several human ailments in Nigeria most especially south-east. This study investigated the phenolic composition and effects of methanol extract from L. africana leaves on enzymes linked to type-2 diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) and hypertension [angiotensin-1-converting enzymes (ACE)] as well as Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation in rat’s pancreas and kidney homogenates were evaluated. Phenolic contents and constituents were also determined using colorimetric methods and high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) respectively. Our findings revealed that the extract inhibited α-amylase, α-glucosidase and ACE activities with IC50 values of 0.192 and 0.21 mg/mL, and 57.06 μg/mL respectively. The extract also inhibited Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation in rats’ pancreas and kidney homogenates. Our findings revealed that the extract is rich in phenolic acids such as caffeic acid (59.97 mg/g), chlorogenic acid (58.23 mg/g) and ellagic acid (31.16 mg/g) as well as flavonoids such as quercetin (42.98 mg/g). These results give a clue to the potential use of L. africana leaves as an alternative agent for the control of glucose absorption and lowering of blood pressure in diabetic patients with hypertension.