高校生들의 間食實態에 관한 硏究

延福圭,金顯俊 忠北大學校 平生體育硏究所 1990 平生體育硏究所 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

I made up a questionaire to acknowledge the actual state of snack intake with a total of 1051 high school student - 500 boy students, 551 girl students, by sex, residence and standared of life. As the result of it, I came to the conclusion as follows: 1. Backgrounds of Target Students. My study shows that high school students seldom have time for exercise and relaxation because the present educational system is enacted for scholastic ability to enter higher educational institutions. As a matter of fact 54% of the entire students hardly take exercise and 50% of them think they are underfed. 2. Actual Conditions of Snack Intake. Most of the high school students take snacks and kinds of snacks they eat frequently are beverages, noodles, and fruits. Time for snacks is irregular and they eat them hastily two or three times a day. 30% of them think that the amount of intake is not enough while 10.2% think plentiful. The criteria for selecting snacks are decided according to their deliciousness or teste, and the places to get ehem are that 37.2% of them are at home, 30.1% stores or restaurants around their schools, and 30.0% of them get snacks at their concession stands. My study reveals that more than half the students eat outside their home on weekdays, and 45% of them eat something different, not boild rice. Most of them take snacks even at 10:00 at night. 3. The Necessity and Reason for Snack. 82% of the high school students want snacks and 32.2% show the reason for taking snack is that they eat them to kill and because they like them. The reason why students feel hungry during the daylight hour is that they can't eat breakast enough because of the early-starting extracurricular classes, and the lunch break is too short to have lunch leisurely. 4. Snack's Influsece on Health. Owing to snacks, about 65% of students spoil the regular meals, and in case and student took a snack during the previous night, he feels something unusual in his body when he wakes up next morning such as satiety, a bit of stomachache, swollen face, and frequent excreta as well. By taking snacks over a long period of time, they are suffering from fathess, gastic diseases, decayed tooth and gum disease. 5. Students' Opinions on Snacks. They strongly request parents' interest in their children at home and the betterment of quality of food stuff toward food makers. In addition, they request school authority to give snack time to students, to expand meal time and food supply, to improve the facilities of the concession stand, and set up a school restaurant. I suggest that school authority should take more interest in students' snacks.

보릿짚의 수분함량 및 수확시기가 소각시 대기오염물질 발생에 미치는 영향

고지연,강항원,이재생,김춘송,박성태,김복진 한국환경농학회 2004 한국환경농학회지 Vol.23 No.2

영남지방 벼-보리 이모작답에서 가장 널리 시행되고 있는 보릿짚 처리방법인 소각이 대기환경에 미치는 영향을 소각시 발생하는 온난화가스, 대기오염가스 및 분진발생량을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 보릿짚 소각시 온난화가스 발생량은 CO₂376.8, CH₄ 1.56, N₂O 0.05 kg/10a 로서 CO₂의 발생량이 가장 많았으며, 대기 오염가스 중에는 유기물의 불완전 연소시 배출되는 CO발생량이 28.8 kg/10a로서 가장 많았다. 그 외 SO₂ H₂S, NH₃, NO등의 질소 및 황 함유 유해가스도 소량 발생되었고 발생된 PM 10 분진의 대부분은 인체에 미치는 영향이 PM 10보다 큰 PM 2.5로 이루어져 있었다. 또한 수확시기가 빠르거나 수분함량이 높은 보릿짚일수록 온난화가스 및 대기오염 가스의 발생량이 증가하고 소각 연기내 PM 10 분진중 PM 2.5의 미세분진 비중이 높았다. 수확적기로 알려진 출수 40일 이후의 보릿짚은 출수 후 40일된 보릿짚 소각시 발생하는 대기오염가스 발생량과 큰 차이가 없었다. This study was carried out to determine impacts of burning of barley straw produced from rice-barley double cropping paddy field on air quality by investigating emissions of greenhouse gases (CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O), air pollution gases (CO, SO₂, H₂S, NH₃ and NO) and particulate matters (PM 10 and PM 2.5). When the barley straw at a rate of 4.5 t/ha was burned at open status, the emitted GHGs amounts were CO₂ 376.8 kg/10a, CH₄ 1.56 and N₂O 0.06. The amount of CO emission was the largest among air pollution gases. These results showed that the range of 45~55% of total C in barley straw was emitted as CO₂-C, followed by CO-C (6.4~5.9%) and CH₄-C (0.5~0.7%). As far as moisture content in barley straw is concerned, the higher moisture content that the barley straw contains, the larger amount of air pollution gases and the higher portion of PM 2.5 in PM 10 were emitted when it burned. In case of harvesting time of barley straw, emission amounts of greenhouse, air pollution gases and PM 2.5 portion in PM 10 had tendency to increase when earlier harvested barley straw was burned.

도시화에 따른 온천천 유역의 유출특성 변화

강주복,강인식,정연태 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 1997 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.52 No.-

본 연구에서는 도시화로 인한 유출특성의 변화를 정량적으로 분석하고자 하였으며, 유출해석 모형으로는 선형저수지 모형을 선택하였다. 1960년대 이후 급격한 도시화를 겪었던 부산지방의 온천천 유역을 연구대상유역으로 선택하였으며 몇 가지 경우에 대한 유출해석을 수행하였다. 연구대상유역은 두 개 지점에서의 유량자료를 갖고 있다. 한 관측소(세병교 지점)는 현재의 자료를 갖고 있으며, 다른 하나(이섭교 지점)는 1972년의 측정자료를 보유하고 있다. 선형저수지 모형은 두 지점에서의 홍수수문곡선을 잘 재현하였으며, 대상유역에 대한 그 적용성을 입증하였다. 유효강우량 산정법별로는 Φ-index 법이 일정비손실법보다 더 나은 결과를 준다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이섭교 지점에서 과거 측정된 홍수수문곡선과 모의를 통해 계산된 수문곡선을 비교함으로써 약 20년간에 걸친 도시화로 인하여 첨두홍수량의 크기는 증가하고 유역의 평균 지체시간의 크기는 감소하였다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이를 정량적으로 평가할 수 있었다. This study was to figure out the runoff characteristics changes due to urbanization. The linear reservoir model was chosen and runoff analyses for several cases were conducted for the purpose. The On-Cheon stream watershed in Pusan was selected as its study area, which has experienced a radical urbanization since 1960's. There were two gaging stations in the study area one had the recent flow data and the other kept the flow data observed in the past. The linear reservoir model regenerated flood hydrographs well for both of the gaging stations and its applicability to the study area was proven. The results of runoff analyses were investigated depending on methods for estimating effective rainfall or rainfall excess. The Φ-index method provided better results than the constant percentage method. The comparisons of hydrograph observed in the past with the simulation results at the Ie-Seop Bridge site revealed that the peak discharges had increased and the mean lag of the study area had decreased due to the urbanization for two decades, and made it possible to evaluate the effects of urbanization quantitatively.

퍼머제의 중금속 농도에 관한 연구

윤복연,문덕환,박명희,황용식,함성애,손병철,김대환,이창희,김휘동,이채언 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.5

Objective : This study was conducted to prepare the fundamental data on heavy metal concentration in hair permanents agents and to prevent the health impairment due to heavy metal. Methods and Material : The author determined of 5 heavy metals(Pb, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Cu) concentration hair permanent agents in the market with flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results : The results were as follows: 1. The geometic mean concentrations of total subjects were 0.04㎍/g for Pb, 0.09㎍/g for Cr, 0.06㎍/g for Mn, 0.03㎍/g for Ni, and 0.04㎍/g for Cu. 2. The most highest mean concentrations of heavy metals in hair permanent agents by using type were Cr for wave agent and straight cream agent, Cu for setting iron agent, Cr and Cu for coating perm agent. 3. Metal most hlghest mean concentrations of heavy in hair permanent agents by type of color was green for Cu. 4. The mean concentration of Cu among 5 heavy metals in hair permanent agents by marker was most highest. 5. There was most statistically significant difference on mean concentration in hair permanent agents between domestic and foreign products. 6. The exposure amount of heavy metal concentration by one time using the permanent agent were 4.O㎍ for Pb, 9.O㎍ for Cr, 6.0㎍ for Mn, 3.O㎍ for Ni and 4.0㎍ for Cu. Conclusion : As above results author suggest to prepare the preventive program of health impairment due to heavy metal by long term chronic exposure to who were using the hair permanent agents hair designer and customers.

소유역에 대한 제 유출해석 모형의 비교에 관한 연구

강주복,정연태,강인식,김태희 부산대학교 1995 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.48 No.-

It is difficult to make an exact estimate of the peak discharge, the runoff depth of flood, and establish the proper measurement for the flood protection since the water stage or discharge has been rarely measured at medium or small river basin in Korea. Therefore, Runoff analyses were perfomed using the storage function method, the discrete, linear, input-output model and linear reservoir model, respectively. Various parameters for the study areas were determined. The calculated hydrographs by three methods showed good agreement with observed flood hydrographs. The capabilities of regenerating flood hydrographs were evaluated based on rainfall from the storage function parameters, the Ø-index method, and the constant percentage method. The storage function parameters provided better effective rainfall for regenerating flood hydrographs than any others considered in the study. 우리나라의 중소하천 유역 중 대부분은 수위나 유량 관측을 행하지 않은 미계측 유역으로 방치되어 있는 상태이므로, 홍수시 정확한 유출량의 추정, 홍수피해 경감을 위한 적절한 대책 수립 및 수공구조물의 건설에 필요한 계획홍수량의 산정 등이 극히 어려운 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수영강유역을 대상으로 기존의 유출해석 모형 중 저류함수법, 선형 이산화 입력-출력 모형 및 선형저수지 모형을 채택하여 유출해석을 실시하고, 대상유역에 대한 각종 매개변수를 산정한다. 유출결과로부터 세가지 방법에 의한 계산수문곡선은 실측수문곡선과 잘 일치하였다. 또한 저류함수법 매개변수를 이용한 방법과 Ø-index법 및 일정비손실법 등의 유효강우량 산정방법에 따라 수문곡선의 재현능력을 평가하였다. 본 연구에서는 저류함수법 매개변수를 이용한 방법이 가장 양호한 재현결과를 나타내었다.

한국, 북한, 중국, 일본의 근골해부학 용어의 비교와 개정방향

元浩淵,金炫秀,李福煥 관동대학교 1995 關大論文集 Vol.23 No.1

The purpose of this study is to compare on the terminologies of surface anatomy between Korea, North Korea, China and Japan for modifing in 4th Korean Nomina Anatomica. This paper suggests that 11 terminologies in skeletal system, 10 terminologies in muscle system and 15 terminologies in regional anatomy and 15 terminologies in exercise. Main principles of the modification are as follows : 1. The terminology of surface anatomy must be modified to Korean native terminologies in modifing 4th Korean Nomina Anatomica. 2. The terminology of anatomy text book must be modified in all discipline of applied anatomy. 3. It is nessisary to co-work between The Socity of Korean Anatomy and The Socity of DPRK Anatomy for unificate the terminology of Korean Nomina Anatomica. 4. The new terminology of Korean Nomina Anatomica must be used in all journal papers.

體育學習에 對한 意識構造에 關한 調査分析 : 本校學生들을 中心으로 Centering on the students of this college.

鄭然福 慶北大學校 師範大學 體育學硏究會 1975 體育學會誌 Vol.1 No.-

The senses of students on physical education hither to have been analyzed and studied. The results are summarized as follows; 1) Students are looking for the objects of physical training in halt hand human education then in recreations and sports. 2) The interests of students are distinctly declining to be amuse than to dislike and what not to do, and than the results are clealry known. 3) In the attitudes some students take part without objective senses, but most students are joining positively at all times, and especially some kinds of play take effect. 4) Almost students admit high values about the results of physical training and point out the reasons clearly. 5) About school hours B and A groups as well as C group are pointing out "to be insufficient, to be very insufficient", and the increase are desired. 6) About the proportion of school hours most students desire practices 2/3 to theorize 1/3. 7) The desire of guidance to lessons are variable, but generally speaking, the guidance to ball plays are desired. students reckon considerably on guidance for health, expansions of facilities, uniform guidance to all kinds of play, and education to will-attitude. The most remarkable desire is considered the request to apportion school hours C group.

보육시설 과학 특별활동 프로그램의 개발과 적용

조복희,곽혜경,한유미,양연숙,손경화 한국영유아보육학회 2003 한국영유아보육학 Vol.0 No.32

The purpose of this study was to develop early childhood science activities, which could be utilized as an extracurricular program in the day-care center. The program is based on the Constructivist theory(Piaget and Vygotsky) and the nation-wide survey data on the extracurricular programs and science activities in the day-care center. After the manuals for the program was monitored and corrected by the professionals, the application of each activities was empirically tested by the teachers in the day-care setting. The effects of the sample program(6 activities) were conducted using Tegano, Sawyers & Moran(1989)'s Scientific problem-solving scale and Lee(2001)'s Scientific attitude scale. Subject of thirty nine children were administered by the pre-test and post-test and experimental group participated the program for six weeks. The results showed that the program was effective for enhancement of scientific problem-solving ability and scientific attitude of young children in day-care setting.

除草劑에 依한 복숭아果樹園의 雜草 防除試驗

尹柱敬,崔福衍 全南大學校 農漁村開發硏究所 1977 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.12 No.-

最近 全南地方의 복숭아 果樹園에서 크게 問題視되고 있는 果樹園 雜草의 效率的인 藥劑防除를 爲하여 1976年부터 77年까지 2年에 걸쳐서 Paracol 40 E.C. Paraquat 24.5 E.C. Roundup 41 E.C.를 濃度, 回數, 時期를 달리해 一連의 防除實驗을 實施하였던 바 그 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 圃場實驗 1. 本實驗圃에 發生된 雜草의 種類는 9科 12種이었으며, 그 中 優点雜草는 쑥, 환삼덩굴, 망초, 여뀌, 소리쟁이, 둑새풀이었다. 2. Paracol과 Paraquat는 소리쟁이를 除外한 쑥, 환삼덩굴, 망초, 여뀌, 둑새풀에 對해 아주 優秀한 除草效果를 보여 주었으며, Paracol은 80g/10a, Paraquat는 100g/10a 濃度水準에서 95% 以上의 높은 殺草率을 나타냈다. 3. Roundup은 쑥, 환삼덩굴에 對해 200g/10a 濃度水準에서 95% 以上의 높은 殺草率을 보여 주었으나, 300g/10a 高濃度水準에서의 망초, 여뀌, 소리쟁이, 둑새풀에 對한 殺草率은 名名 73.1%, 81.9%, 70.4%, 58.8%로 Paracol이나 paraquat에 比하여 낮았다. 2. Pot 實驗 1. 藥劑의 撤布時期은 Paracol, Roundup이 다같이 開花期가 84.5%, 84.5%, 82,7%로 幼苗期의 72.1%, 74.3%, 71.5%나 生育盛期의 74.4%, 72.2%, 64.1%에 比해 높았다. 2. 藥劑의 撤布 回數에 따르는 殺草率은 Paracol, Paraquat, Roundup이 다같이 2回 撤布가 75%, 74.6%, 74.3%로 1回 撤布의 62.1%, 63.1%, 63.1%에 比하여 높았다. 3. 藥劑의 濃度, 時期, 回數에 따라 95% 以上의 殺草六을 보여 주었던 處理區 가운데 가장 效率的이라 생각된 區는 Paracol이 開花期에 80g/10a, 1回 撤布區와 幼苗期에 2回 撤布區와 幼苗期에 2回 撤布區였으며, Roundup은 開花期에 300g/10a 1回 撤布區와 幼苗期에 100g/10a 2回 撤布區였다. 끝으로 本 實驗을 遂行하는데 있어 積極的으로 協力해 주신 全北大學校 染 桓承 博士께 忠心으로 感謝를 드린다. Weeding in peach orchard, especially in spring and summer, is one of the most serious problems in Chonnam area. Control trials with several herbicides such as Paracol 40 E.C Paraquat 24.5 E.C and Roundup 41 E.C were carried out on the field as well as with the potted weeds for two years from 1976 to 1977. The results are summarized as follows: A. Field test 1. Weeds in peach orchard of the experimental farm, Chonnam National University were 12 species of 9 families, of which Artemisia oulgaris, Erigeron conadensis Humulus japonicus, Alopeculus aequalis, Rumex crispus and Polygonum hydropiper were the predominant ones. 2. All the weeds but Rumex crispus were effectively controlled by Paracol or Paraquat. Withering ratio of more than 95% was obtained by the application of 80g/10a of Paracol or by 100g/10a of Paraquat. 3. Roundup was proved to be less effective than the other two herbicides in controlling orchard weeds. Even though more than 95% of Artemisia vulgaris and Humulus japonicus could be controlled by 200g/10a, of Roundup only 73.1% of Erigeron eanadensis, 81.9% of Polygonum hydropiper, 70.4% of Rumex crispus, 58.8% of Alopeculus aequalis even by 300g/10a of Roundup. B. Pot test 1. Three kinds of herbicides, Paracol, Paraquat and Roundup were applied at different growing stages; seedling, vigorous vegetative growth, and flower bud formation. The difference in weeding effect among herbicides was not found. However, flower bud formation stage was proved to be the most appropriate time for herbicide application. The highest withering ratio of more than 81% was obtained from the application at flower bud formation stage compared to around 70% from those at other two stages. 2. Double applications of any herbicides resulted in about 75% withering ratios, which were higher than those (about 62%) form single application. 3. Among the treatments resulted in withering ratios of more than 95%, single application at flower bud formation stage or double applications at seeding stage with 80g/10a of Paracol, single application at flower bud formation stage or double applications at seedling stage with 100g/10a of Paraquat, and single application with 300g/10a at flower bud formation stage or double applications at seedling stage with 100g/10a of Roundup were considered as the effecient methods in controlling weeds in Peach orchard.

Astromicin sulfate의 약동학 및 안전성 평가

정숙인,김연숙,오원섭,복혜숙,김명민,최경업,김연화,김성민,백경란,송재훈 대한화학요법학회 2001 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.19 No.3

목적 : Astromicin은 aminoglycoside계 항생제와 유사한 화학구조와 특성을 지니고, 기존의 aminoglycoside와 유사하거나 향상된 임상효과 및 부작용을 지닌 것으로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 astromicin의 약동학적 특성을 분석하고, astromicin 투여 환자를 대상으로 한국인에서 그 임상적 및 세균학적 효과와 안전성을 평가하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 약동학적 지표는 정상성인 남자를 대상으로 astromicin 200㎎을 30분간 정주한 후 24시간까지 혈장 및 뇨 검체를 수집하여 one-compartment open model에 따라 분석하였다. 중증으 세균감염이 있는 18세 이상의 환자를 대상으로 병용 또는 단독 투여한 후 임상적 효과와 세균학적 효과를 판정하였고, 치료전과 후의 순음청력검사와 혈청 크레아티닌으로 이독성과 신독성을 평가하였다. 결과 : 정상 성인 남자 12명을 대상으로 약동학적 지표를 평가하였고, 최고혈장농도는 투여 종료시점(C_(0))에서 16.87±1.68㎍/mL였으며, 반감기는 1.86±0.43 시간 이었고, AUC_(0-12h)은 38.12±10.57㎍ㆍhr/mL, Vd는 0.18±0.02L/㎏, CL은 5.25±2.07L/hr였다. 이러한 약동학적 지표는 다른 aminoglycoside와 유사한 결과를 보였다. 59명의 환자를 대상으로 시행한 임상적 효과 분석에서는 단독요법을 시행한 50명 중 임상적 치유율 94%, 세균학적 치유율 100%를 보였고, 순음청력검사를 시행한 48례의 환자중 의미있는 청력감소 소견은 관찰되지 않았으며, 신독성 또한 전혀 나타나지 않았다. 결론 : Astromicin의 약동학적 지표는 다른 aminoglycoside의 약동학적 지표와 비슷한 양상을 보이므로 향후 astromicin의 약물농도 감시에 있어서 다른 aminoglycoside의 치료적 약물 농도 감시 방법과 유사한 방법을 적용할 수 있으리라 기대된다. 또한 임상적 치유율이 우수하면서 신독성이나 이독성이 적어 세균 감염 환자의 치료에 있어서 단독 또는 병합 요법으로 비교적 안전하게 사용할 수 있으리라 생각된다. Astromicin(Fortimicin®) has some characteristics in common with other aminioglycoside antibiotics, although it has a unique chemical structure, which is different from them. This study was performed to elucidate the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of astromicin following single-dose intravenous infusion of 200 mg and to evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of astromicin in Korean populations. PK parameters of astromicin were determined in 12 healthy volunteers (65.5±5.2㎏). The plasma and urine samples were collected up to 24hrs. PK variables were calculated by fitting individual concentration-time curves to a one-compartment open model. Plasma level at the end of infusion was 16.87?1.68 ㎍/mL and declined to 1.05±0.35 (㎍/mL 8hr later. The half-life was 1.86±0.43 hr. Apparent volume of distribution was 0.18±0.02 L/㎏g, and total body clearance was 5.25±2.07 L/hr. These values were similar to those of other aminioglycosides. Clinical efficacy and safety were eviuated in 59 patients with moderate to severe bacterial infections who needed parenteral antibiotics. Among 50 patients who recieved astromicin monotherapy, 49 (98%) had favorable clinical reponse and 28 (100%) had favorable bacteriological response. Serial audiograms revealed no change in all of 48 patients. No nephrotoxicity was observed in all patients. Conclusively, our data suggest that therapeutic drug monitoring of astromicin can be conducted in a similar fashion as other aminioglycosides and astromicin is a useful and safe antibiotic in the treatment of severe bacterial infections.