<토끼전> 토별문답 대목의 인물 전고(典故)의 활용과 서사적 기능

정보배 ( Jeong¸ Bobae ) 한국고소설학회 2020 古小說 硏究 Vol.49 No.-

우리 고전 서사문학 전반에 중국의 역사 인물 전고(典故)가 빈번하게 등장한다. 판소리계 소설 역시 마찬가지이다. 본고는 <토끼전〉 ‘토별문답’ 대목에 활용된 인물 전고가 인물의 심리나 서사 전개와 긴밀히 결합하는 양상에 주목하여, 그 서사적 기능과 의미를 고찰하였다. ‘토별문답(鬼靈問答)’ 대목은 별주부와 토끼가 처음 만나 대화를 나누고, 별주부의 언변에 토끼가 유혹되어 수궁으로 가기까지를 주요 내용으로 한다. 서사 전개에 핵심적인 내용으로, 본 간 차이는 다른 대목에 비해 적다 판소리계 소설에서 한문 어구나 전고가 나열을 통한 장면 확장, 익숙한 표현을 통한 내용 전달의 목적에 부응해 왔기에, 독서물〈토끼전〉에서 이 대목 인물 전고 또한 창본에 비해 줄어 들 것이라 예상할 수 있다. 그러나 창본에 비해 독서물에서 더욱 다양한 인물 전고가 추가되며, 이들이 인물 심리 및 서사 전개와 더욱 긴밀히 결합하는 양상이 관찰된다. 이는 인물 전고가 단순한 나열을 통한 장면 확대, 수사적 효과 등을 위한 비맥락적 활용 양상이 아닌, 인물의 심리 및 사건 전개와 결속된 맥락적 활용 양상을 보여주는 것이다. 이 대목에서 토끼와 별주부는 역사 속 인물 전고를 각자 주장의 근거로 활용하며, 이를 통해 자신을 과시하거나 숨겨진 욕망을 드러낸다. <토끼전〉이본 계열 중 비교적 후대의 작품들에서 이러한 인물 전고의 맥락적 활용 경향성이 높아짐을 관찰할 수 있다. 또한 두 등장인물 모두 인물 전고를 거짓, 위선, 폭력 등 부정적인 방식으로 활 용하고 있다. 이에 따라 전고 속 인물의 실제 삶과 작품 속 인물의 실제 욕망이 병치·비교되며 풍자의 효과를 유발한다. 본 대목에서 인물 전고 활용이 단순한 수사적 양념의 기능을 넘어 인물 심리 표현과 서사를 추동하는 데에 일정 부분 기여함이 발견됨으로써, 앞으로 판소리계 소설에 동원된 인물 전고와 여타 고소설 속 전고의 서사적 기능에 새롭게 주목해 볼 필요성이 제기된다. In Korean classical novels, biographies related to Chinese historical figures are frequently used. This study noted the passage of ‘The Question and Answer of Rabbits and Byeoljubu’ in ‘Toggi-jeon’. This passage utilizes the story of a Chinese historical figure from his point of view, with the rabbit and the Byeoljubu having different desires. In this part, byeoljubu wins a double victory over the rabbit. Byeoljubu showed a successful persuasion by mobilizing not only logic but also emotional elements. Through these precedents and the use of old history, the rabbit and byeoljubu confirmed that they were satirizing the ruling class, the hypocrisy of the time. The precedents and histories they used were consequently being used in negative directions, such as lies, hypocrisy, and violence. This pattern of use of precedent and old history serves as a standard for modem readers to judge the utility value of their work, wtile also providing aesthetic insight into the work.

Pulse-induction metal detector with time-domain bucking circuit for landmine detection

Bobae Kim,Jung Won Yoon,Seung-eui Lee,Seung-Hoon Han,Kangwook Kim IET 2015 Electronics letters Vol.51 No.2

<P>A novel pulse-induction (PI) metal detector (MD) is proposed to decrease the saturation time of the output voltage and increase the detection depth. The proposed MD utilises a receiver with a time-domain bucking circuit. The bucking circuit decreases the output voltage significantly without a target, so that the output voltage can be amplified more before becoming saturated. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed MD, it has been fabricated and measured. The measured output voltage shows that the saturation time is reduced and that the detection depth increases in comparison with a conventional PI MD.</P>

Planar Spiral Coil Design for a Pulsed Induction Metal Detector to Improve the Sensitivities

Bobae Kim,Seung-hoon Han,Kangwook Kim IEEE 2014 IEEE antennas and wireless propagation letters Vol.13 No.-

<P>In a pulsed induction metal detector system, the sensitivity variation for detectable minimum metal target and the maximum detection distance are investigated as the winding geometry of the search coil is varied. A number of planar square spiral mono coils with various fill ratios and wire spacing-to-width ratios are comparatively analyzed based on a numerical simulation. Five representative coils are fabricated and applied to a pulsed induction metal detector system as a search coil. It is demonstrated that a search coil with a larger fill ratio has a high size sensitivity for a minimum metal target at close distances, which may be missed by coils with smaller fill ratios. A search coil with a smaller wire spacing-to-width ratio is shown to have a high depth sensitivity for maximum detection distances.</P>

Metformin Down-regulates TNF-α Secretion via Suppression of Scavenger Receptors in Macrophages

Bobae Hyun,Seulmee Shin,Aeri Lee,이성원,송영천,하남주,Kyung-HeaCho,김경제 대한면역학회 2013 Immune Network Vol.13 No.4

Obesity is consistently increasing in prevalence and can trigger insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Many lines of evidence have shown that macrophages play a major role in inflammation associated with obesity. This study was conducted to determine metformin, a widely prescribed drug for type 2 diabetes, would regulate inflammation through downregulation of scavenger receptors in macrophages from obesity- induced type 2 diabetes. RAW 264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with LPS to induce inflammation, and C57BL/6N mice were fed a high-fat diet to generate obesity-induced type 2 diabetes mice. Metformin reduced the production of NO, PGE2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) through down-regulation of NF-κB translocation in macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, the protein expressions of anti- inflammatory cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10, were enhanced or maintained by metformin. Also, metformin suppressed secretion of TNF-αand reduced the protein and mRNA expression of TNF-α in obese mice as well as in macrophages. The expression of scavenger receptors, CD36 and SR-A, were attenuated by metformin in macrophages and obese mice. These results suggest that metformin may attenuate inflammatory responses by suppressing the production of TNF-α and the expressions of scavenger receptors.

An EDA Analysis of Seoul Metropolitan Area’s Mountain Usage Patterns of Users in Their 20~30s after COVID-19 Occurrence

BoBae Lee,PoungSik Yeon 인간식물환경학회 2021 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Background and objective: The purpose of this study was to comprehensively analyze the user behavior in order to cope appropriately with the increasing demand for mountain usage of those in their 20s and 30s and to allocate resources efficiently. Methods: To analyze the behavior of mountain hiking users, an exploratory data analysis (EDA) was conducted on the data which had been collected in the app Tranggle. The main target are users in their 20s and 30s who visited the mountains in the metropolitan area in 2019-2020. Among them, we have selected data on the top 13 mountains based on the frequency of visits. After data pre-processing, mountain usage patterns were analyzed through statistical analysis and visualization. Results: Compared to 2019, the number of users in 2020 increased 1.36 times. The utilization rate of the well-established hiking trails has also increased. The usage of mountain on weekends (Saturday > Sunday) was still the highest, and the difference in the usage between the days of the week decreased. Outside of work hours, early morning usage has increased and night-time usage has decreased. There was no significant change in usages depending on activity type, level (experience point) and exercise properties. Conclusion: Since the COVID-19 outbreak, the usage of mountains has been changing towards low user density and short-distance trip. in the post-COVID-19 era, the function and role of forests in daily life are expected to increase. To cope with this, further research needs to be carried out with consideration of the wider demographic and social characteristics.

Mutual Funds and Affiliated Analyst Recommendations

Bobae Choi,Doowon Lee,Kyoungwon Mo 한국경영학회 2018 한국경영학회 통합학술발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.8

This study examines whether the group affiliation between asset management firms and brokerage firms influences sell-side analyst recommendations. Using fund holdings data for mutual funds firms belonging to Korean business groups (chaebols), we examine whether affiliated analysts treat stocks held by fund management firms in the same chaebol differently from other stocks. Our main results show that analysts provide more accurate forecasts for affiliated stocks, indicating that analysts take advantage of the information on those stocks shared with their affiliated fund management firms. Although our overall results support the information-sharing argument, analysts are found to be selectively optimistic about highly valuable stocks to affiliated fund management firms.

Efficacy of Vitamin C Supplements in Prevention of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Bobae Lee,Seung-Won Oh,Seung-Kwon Myung 대한가정의학회 2015 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.36 No.6

Background: Previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported inconsistent findings regarding the association between vitamin C supplementation and the risk of cancer. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of RCTs to investigate the efficacy of vitamin C supplements for prevention of cancer. We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases in November 2014 using common keywords related to vitamin C supplements and cancer. Results: Among 785 articles, a total of seven trials were identified, which included 62,619 participants; 31,326 and 31,293 were randomized to vitamin C supplementation and control or placebo groups, respectively, which were included in the final analysis. A fixed-effects meta-analysis of all seven RCTs revealed no significant association between vitamin C supplementation and cancer (relative risk, 1.00; 95% confidence intervals, 0.95–1.05). Similarly, subgroup meta-analysis by dose of vitamin C administered singly or in combination with other supplements, follow- up period, methodological quality, cancer mortality, gender, smoking status, country, and type of cancer also showed no efficacy of vitamin C supplementation for cancer prevention. Conclusion: This meta-analysis shows that there is no evidence to support the use of vitamin C supplements for prevention of cancer.

Differences in the perceptions of partnership between nurses and mothers of children in a pediatric intensive care unit in South Korea: a qualitative study

Bobae Park,Won-Oak Oh 한국아동간호학회 2022 Child Health Nursing Research Vol.28 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate how pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) nurses and the mothers of hospitalized children perceived their partnership and identify the detailed differences in the common domains of partnership between them. Methods: A qualitative descriptive design with semi-structured and open-ended interviews was used. Interviews with mothers of hospitalized children and nurses in the PICU were conducted at a national university hospital in South Korea. Results: Five integrated categories were identified concerning nurses' and mothers' perceptions of partnership. Five common domains were derived by merging the partnership categories perceived by each PICU mother and nurse: expectation of trust, sharing and communication, participation in care, equality in the relationship, and coordination of opinion However, there were significant differences in the composition of the categories of these common domains. Conclusion: These results may facilitate more effective partnerships between parents and PICU nurses. Efforts should be taken to promote the formation of trust between nurses and parents and create an environment that is conductive to regular open communication in particular, steps should be taken to reduce gaps in awareness concerning this partnership and information sharing, nursing methods, and decision-making.

Bandwidth Enhancement for SSN Suppression Using a Spiral-Shaped Power Island and a Modified EBG Structure for a λ/4 Open Stub

Bobae Kim,Dong-Wook Kim 한국전자통신연구원 2009 ETRI Journal Vol.31 No.2

This paper proposes a spiral-shaped power island structure that can effectively suppress simultaneous switching noise (SSN) when the power plane drives high-speed integrated circuits in a small area. In addition, a new technique is presented which greatly improves the resonance peaks in a stopband by utilizing λ/4 open stubs on a conventional periodic electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) power plane. Both proposed structures are simulated numerically and experimentally verified using commercially available 3D electromagnetic field simulation software. The results demonstrate that they achieve better SSN suppression performance than conventional periodic EBG structures.

A Dual-Mode Power Amplifier With On-Chip Switch Bias Control Circuits for LTE Handsets

Bobae Kim,Cholho Kwak,Jongsoo Lee IEEE 2011 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS PART 2 E Vol.58 No.12

<P>In this brief, we present a dual-mode (high and low) power amplifier (PA) for fourth-generation long-term evolution (LTE) handset applications using a device switching technique to improve the efficiency at low output power. In particular, the effects of the gate voltage variation of the input and output switches on the amplifier performances are described. In addition, a bias control circuit for a dual-mode PA, which can provide the correct voltage to the input and output switches and can be effectively controlled by the mode control voltage, is also proposed. The bias control circuit, the mode switch, and the PA are implemented with the integrated pseudomorphic high-electron mobility transistor (pHEMT) and heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) technology on the same chip (i.e., bipolar field effect transistor process). A dual-mode PA with a gain of 27.2 dB, PAE of 34.5%, a ACLR<SUB>E-UTRA</SUB> value of -31.2 dBc, and error vector magnitude (EVM) of 2.97% has been achieved in high-power mode; whereas a 22 dB of gain, PAE of 19%, a ACLR<SUB>E-UTRA</SUB> value of -31.6 dBc and EVM of 2.84% were measured in the low-power mode with LTE uplink signals.</P>