돈황 막고굴에 나타난 다보탑의 변천

조정식,김버들,조해현,김보람,Cho, Jeong-Sik,Kim, Bue-Dyel,Jo, Jae-Hyun,Kim, Bo-Ram 한국건축역사학회 2013 건축역사연구 Vol.22 No.5

This study aims to investigate the architectural characteristics of the Da-bo stupa by examining the correlation among architectural languages and by studying the features of its architectural components and transitional changes shown in Da-bo stupa line drawings in Dunhuang Mogao Grottes. The results are as follows. 1st, the Da-bo stupa of Dunhuang faithfully follows the sutra of lotus, and although the form changes, the fundamental essence of Bo-tap-yong-chul and two seated Buddhas provided by the Gyun-bo-tap-pum in the sutra of lotus is consistent. 2nd, the pagoda body can be periodically divided into parasol, stupa, and royal palace types. The parasol type has an incomplete tower body, which makes distinguishing each of its architectural components difficult. The stupa type appeared between the early (AD 618-712) and middle (AD 766-835) Tang dynasty. It combines the form of Indian stupa type and East Asian wood structural architecture. The royal palace type, which appeared between the peak period of the Tang (713-765) and Sung Dynasties, shows the standardized pattern of the Da-bo stupa described as two seated Buddhas and Bo-tap-yong-chul. 3rd, the use of a stylobate does not appear in the early construction of Da-bo stupa, only in the later period, in the form of high pillars. Forms include many Su-mi-jwah and three-way stairways and Dab-do, but as time passes, the forms are simplified to the form of high pillars. 4th, the purpose of early Da-bo stupa was to provide space for Da-bo-yu-rae of Gyun-bo-tap-pum; hence, it did not have sangryoon(the top part). However, after it was influenced by general pagodas, sangryoon was established. Toward the Tang Dynasty, sangryoon has come to emphasize the forms of boryoon(nine wheels) or dome. However, this form is eventually simplified to only retain bo-joo(the orb).

Acriflavine-Guanosine 복합제 (AG60)의 조직내 분포에 대한 형광현미경적 연구

고정식,임수재,안의태,김진국,김상건,이경영,강종구,홍은경,정영신,유보림,한영복 대한해부학회 1999 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.32 No.1

폭풍시 사구의 침식각에 따른 해안단면의 침식에 관한 연구

이보형,표순보,이홍식,조원철 中央大學校 建設環境硏究所 1999 環境科學硏究 Vol.9 No.2

This EDUNE model developed by Kriebel was used for predicting storm-induced beach and dune erosion due to elevated water levels and waves. This model was based on the convolution integral involving a erosion-force function and an exponential erosion-response function. This numerical model adopted the equation of sediment continuity and a dynamic equation governing the cross-shore sediment transport due to a disequilibrium of wave energy dissipation levels. These equations are solved numerically by an implicit, double-sweep method to obtain the changes in position of elevation contours in the profile. In this study, the changes of a beach profile and dune erosion have been simulated for varying the dune erosion angle due to storm. The range of angle was 0.1~0.4 radian. It is shown that erosion rate is increasing according to the decrease of erosion angle.

거지증의 치험례

한예식,김보현,이정윤,안희창 大韓成形外科學會 1993 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.20 No.1

Macrodactyly is one of the rare congenital anomalies of the upper extrimity. Fastt found 19 cases among 1476 patients with congenital anomalies of the upperextrimity, an incidence of 0.9 percent. The index finger is most commonly invlove. Multiple digits are involved two to and the index-long fingers. The authors recently experienced one case of macrodactyly involving the thumb and index finger in 20 year old female patient. The patient was treated with finger shortening using multiple corrective step ostectomies with the preservation of joints. We present this case with a review fo the literature.

폭풍발생에 따른 해안단면변화에 관한 수치해석

표순보,조원철,이보형,이홍식 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1998 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.28 No.-

폭풍발생에 다른 해안단면의 변화를 예측하는 것은 해안선 변화에 대한 종합적인 대책을 수립하는데 있어 중요한 역할을 한다. 해안단면변화는 주로 해빈의 유사이송에 에 의해 발생되나, 유사이송은 유사의 입경, 수면상승높이, 쇄파고 등 많은 요소들에 의해 복합적으로 작용하기 때문에 현재에도 정확한 예측이 어려운 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 해안단면에서의 평형에너지소산개념을 수치모델에 도입하여 폭풍발생에 따른 안층방향의 해안단면변화와 해빈침식에 대하여 분석하여 보았다. 안층방향의 해안단면변화와 해빈침식은 평형단면 파라미터, 유사이송률 파라미터, 수면상승높이에 의해 크게 영향을 받음을 알 수 있다. A numerical model is applied for predicting variation of the beach profile and beach erosion during storms. Equation of sediment continuity and dynamic equation, governing on-offshore sediment transport due to a disequilibrium of wave energy dissipation, are used in the model. During a storm, the beach profile evolves to a form where the depth at the surf zone is related to the distance seaward of the waterline. In general, variation of the beach profile is found to be sensitive to the equilibrium profile parameter, the sediment transport rate parameter and the elevated water level. Also, the model response characteristics in the simulation of beach erosion show a lag between the maximum storm surge elevation and the maximum erosion.

Lingual K-loop archwire를 이용한 발치공간 폐쇄시 초기응력 분포에 대한 3차원 광탄성학적 연구

변보람,김성식,손우성 대한치과교정학회 2002 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.32 No.5

제1소구치 발치를 동반한 설측교정치료시 lingual K-loop archwire로 전치부 후방견인을 시행한 경우 전치부 및 구치부에서 치조골에 발생하는 초기응력을 알아보기 위하여, K-loop의 의 vertical lg 길이는 15mm로 하고 편측당 350gm의 힘으로 활성화시킨 후 상악궁 광탄성 모형의 응력동결을 시행하고 각 치아별로 절단하여 3차원 광탄성법으로 분석한 바 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 중절치의 근심면은 치관측일수록 더 큰 인장응력을 보였으며 원심면은 치관측일수록 더 큰 압축응력을 보였다. 순면에서는 치관측일수록 더 큰 인장응력을 보였으며 설면에서는 치근측일수록 더 큰 압축응력을 보였다. 치근첨에서는 압축응력이 나타났다. 2. 측절치의 근심면에서는 치관측만 인장응력이 관찰되었고 원심면에서는 고른 압축응력을 보였다. 순면에서는 치관측일수록 더 큰 인장응력이 관찰되었고 설면에서는 치관측에서는 인장응력을, 치근측에서는 압축응력을 보였다. 치근첨에서는 압축응력이 관찰되었다. 3. 견치의 근심면은 치관측에서는 인장응력을, 치근측에서는 압축응력을 보였고 원심면은 인장응력을 보였다. 순면과 설면은 치관측일수록 큰 인장응력을 보였다. 순면보다 설면에서 더 큰 인장응력을 보였다. 치근첨에서는 압축응력이 관찰되었다. 4. 제2소구치는 근심면은 인장응력을 보이며 원심면은 치관측에서는 압축응력을, 치근측에서는 인장응력을 보였다. 협면은 치관측에서 압축응력을 보였으며, 설면은 치관측일수록 더 큰인장응력이 관찰되었다. 치근첨에서는 인장응력을 보였다. 5. 제 1대구치는 근원심면 모두에서 치관측일수록 더 큰 인장응력을 보였다. 협면에서는 응력이 나타나지는 않았고 설면은 치관측일수록 더 큰 인장응력이 관찰되었다. 협측치근들의 치근첨에서는 압축응력을, 구개측치근의 치근첨에서는 무응력을 보였다. 6. 제2대구치는 모든 치근의 치근첨에서 압축응력이 관찰되었다. 근심면은 치관측일수록 더 큰 압축응력을, 원심면은 치관측일수록 더 큰 인장응력을 보였다. 협면은 치관측일수록 더 큰 인장응력을 설면은 치관측일수록 더 큰 압축응력을 나타내었다. 따라서 전치부 후방견인시 transverse bowing effect는 뚜렷이 나타났으나, vertical bowing effect는 나타나지 않고 오히려 전치부가 함입되려는 응력이 발생하였다. This study was designed to investigate the stress distribution of alveolar bone in case of en masse retraction with lingual K-loop archwire using the 3-dimensional photoelastic stress analysis followed by stress freezing process. Lingual K-loop archwire which had loop in 15mm height was used and activated by retraction force of 350gm per each side. The results were as follows : 1. Central incisor : As the closer side to crown, the larger tensile stress was distributed at both mesial and labial surfaces and the larger compressive stress was distributed at distal surface. As the closer side to root apex, the larger compressive stress was distributed at lingual surface. The compressive stress was distributed at root apex. 2. Lateral incisor : The tensile stress was distributed at the coronal side of mesial surface. The compressive stress was distributed at distal surface. As the closer side to crown, the larger tensile stress was distributed at labial surface. The tensile stress was distributed at coronal side and the compressive stress was distributed at apical side of lingual surface. The compressive stress was distributed at root apex. 3. Canine : The tensile stress was distributed at coronal side and the compressive stress was distributed at apical side of musial surface. the tensile stress was distributed at distal surface. As the closer side to drown, the larger tensile stress was distributed at both musial and distal surfaces. The compressive stress was distributed at root apex. 4. Second premolar : The tensile stress was distributed at mesial surface. The compressive stress was distributed at coronal side and the tensile stress was distributed at apical side of distal surface. the compressive stress was distributed at coronal side of buccal surface. As the closer side to crown, the larger tensile stress was distributed at lingual surface. The compressive stress was distributed at root apex. 5. First molar : As the closer side to crown, the larger tensile stress was distributed at both mesial and distal surfaces. No stress was distributed at buccal surface. As the closer side to crown, the larger tensile stress was distributed at both lingual surfaces. The compressive stress was distributed at buccal root apexes. 6. Second molar : The compressive stress was distributed at all root apexes. As the closer side to crown, the larger compressive stress was distributed at both mesial and lingual surfaces, and the larger tensile stress at both distal and buccal surfaces. Transverse bowing effect was observed in en-masse retraction with lingual K-loop archwire, however vertical bowing effect was not. Rather, reverse vertical bowing effect was developed.

樂浪塼築墓에 대한 一考察

洪潽植 부산대사학회 1993 역사와 세계 Vol.- No.17

어항입구 부근에서 Pit식 방파제를 이용한 쇄파 발생억제 연구

이홍식,이보형 中央大學校 建設環境硏究所 1998 環境科學硏究 Vol.9 No.1

The effect of wave decay due to single pit breakwater has been studied for restraining from occurring breakers in the vicinity of a fishing harbor entrance. Firstly, by utilizing Green's theorem and boundary element approach, wave diffraction due to a pit breakwater is performed to investigate wave interaction with linear wave theory. Diffraction patterns in wave fields have been shown by the different various pit geometries. Secondly, by using an appropriate numerical model based upon the time-dependent analysis including wave refraction, diffraction, and partial reflection is adopted to study the effect of various pit geometries near to a harbor entrance. Application of various pit breakwaters for a fishing harbor been illustrated to present the effect of wave decay. Finally, in accordance with the condition of each pit breakwater, wave heights in the direction of leeward can be found reduced to 10~20% for the incident wave height.

강구조 인장접합부의 블록전단 파단시 전단지체 효과에 관한 연구 : H형강, CT형강, 단일 ㄱ형강 중심으로 focused on the H-shape, CT-shape, L-shape

최문식,김보영 단국대학교 2000 論文集 Vol.35 No.-

To study on the shear lag effect in the block shear rupture of joints under tension force, in this report analyzed the research results on block shear rupture of H-shape. CT-shape and L-shape. When computing the block shear internal force in the joints under tension force, by comparing the block shear equations of the Limited State Design criteria. AISC(which do not include the shear lag) with Epstein's equations(which do), the results on the propriety of shear lag reduction coefficient are as follows. 1) Block shear equations of the LRFD(1993) of the AISC do not include the shear lag in the joints under tension force. In the study results, the professional factors of H-shape, CT-shape and L-shape are 1.07, 0.96 and 0.97. Therefore the results show that the block shear equations of the LRFD(1993) of the AISC are not appropriate. 2) In the LRFD(1993) of the AISC and the Limited State Design criteria, when real block shear rupture length and the smaller value of the two reduction coefficient are applied, CT-shape's and L-shape's professional factor is 1.04 and H-shape's is 1.17. Therefore, applying the reduction coefficient to the block shear equation under tension force is quite appropriate for the CT-shape and L-shape. For the H-shape, the results show that a little excessive but safe. 3) In the Adidam and Epstein's equation(1992), when real block shear rupture length and the larger value of the two reduction coefficient are applied, CT-shape's professional factor is 0.98, L-shape's is 1.03, and H-shape's is 1.07. Therefore, it is thought that applying the reduction coefficient is necessary in the block shear equation under tension force and it should be corrected when applying the U factor. 4) From the above results, when computing the block shear internal force, it is thought that reduction coefficient for the shear lag should be considered.

분묘로 본 매장 형태의 변화 : 영남 지역의 선사·고대 분묘를 대상으로

홍보식 동의대학교 인문과학연구소 2002 인간과 문화 연구 Vol.7 No.-