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Lorazepam과 Diphenhydramine 의 추제외로증후군에 대한 효과비교
서미라,최보문,백인호 大韓神經精神醫學會 1986 신경정신의학 Vol.25 No.1
In this study, a comparative evaluation on clinical efficacy between intravenous lorazepam and diphenhydramine for extrapyramidal symptoms occurring on neuroleptic therapy was made. Subjects were consisted of 42 cases including 8 males and 34 females. They were under double-blind procedure, given single injections of 4 miligrams of lorazepam(21 cases) and 50 miligrams of diphenhydramine(21 cases) seperately. The effects were evaluated by Extrapyramidal Symptoms(EPS) Rating Scale for extrapyramidal Symptoms as well as by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS) for psychotic symptoms and signs. The results were as follows: 1)Most of extrapyramidal symptoms including parkinsonian symptoms, akathisia and dystonia were noted to be significantly improved 60 minutes after injection on EPS Rating Scale scores. 2)BPRS evaluation 60 minutes after injection resulted in significant reduction of the total mean scores in both groups, although no significant difference can be made in terms of efficacy between the group when the two groups were compared. 3)Clinically it can be suggested that the sedative effect of diphenhydramine was less than that of lorazepam. The above mentioned results suggest that lorazepam and diphenhydramine may well be the drugs of choice for the treatment of extrapyramidal symptoms occurring on the neuroleptic therapy.
HOW TO REGULATE PATENT TROLLS THROUGH ANTITRUST LAW
( Bo La Kang ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2013 Korea University Law Review Vol.14 No.-
i) Patent troll refers to ii) non-practicing entities that iii) stack up patents or buy patent rights from other patent right holders to create a patent wall iv) with which they claim excessive license fee or compensation for damages against companies or exercise patent rights to file non-infringement litigation. Trolls bring both positive effects and negative effects. There are many controversial issues about trolls. One of them is whether trolls should be regulated by the Antitrust Law. If the breaches of contracts and the abuses of patent law are causing any impact on the market, it is not enough to regulate the abuse conducts by contract law or patent law. Then, the Antitrust Law may be the most effective regulatory tool against restriction of competition. A ‘Holdup act’ could constitute as abuse of market dominant position disturbing price abuse in Subparagraph 1, interfering other companies` business activities in Subparagraph 3 and impeding participation of new competitors in Subparagraph 4 of Article 3-2(1) of the Antitrust Law if patent trolls have a dominant market power and restriction of competition is acknowledged. Even if dominant market position or restriction of competition are not acknowledged, they can also be regulated subject to unfair luring of customers (Subparagraph 3, Article 23(1)) in unfair trade act of Article 23 or interfering other companies` business activities (Subparagraph 5, Article 23(1)) if an act is acknowledged to be oppressive. Unlike coercion in dealings and abusing dominant position, unfair luring of customers does not require the act which is acknowledged to be oppressive. However, it is at least needed to cause adverse effect on free competition in the market. Antitrust interventions are not recommendable without any anticompetitive or adverse effect in the market or oppressiveness of the behaviors.
Multicultural Education in Asia and the Role of Language Teaching: Focusing on South Korea
( Bo La Kim ) 범태평양 응용언어학회 2020 범태평양응용언어학회지 Vol.24 No.1
Asian countries have discussed for decades the necessity of implementing multicultural education as their societies are becoming more global. With the dramatically increasing number of foreign and multiracial/biracial populations in South Korea, public education has a great need for multicultural education and Korean language teaching. However, current assimilation-centered curriculums and a lack of understanding of multiethnic students, their cultures, and their histories have created numerous difficulties in the education practice for both teachers and multiethnic students such as dropping out of schools. Moreover, it hardly narrows the disparities between multiethnic students’ academic gaps and daily life problems in Korea. This study examines general multicultural education in public education in Asian countries with the goal of building more sustainable and inclusive education systems for all learners in South Korea. First, the study focuses on three East Asian countries: South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan to compare the differences in multiculturalism and multicultural education. Then, the study summarizes their characteristics and approaches to multicultural education. The analysis shows that the three countries have common limitations such as building inclusive curriculums and granting the privilege of using a specific language. Next, this study reviews the critical role of language teaching and learning in multicultural education. Finally, the purpose of this study is to raise awareness about multicultural education and the importance of developing and implementing a better system based on language education.
La Yun, Bo,Kim, Sun Mi,Jang, Mijung,Ahn, Hye Shin,Lyou, Chae Yeon,Kim, Mi Sun,Kim, Sun Ah,Song, Tai-Kyong,Yoo, Yangmo,Chang, Jin Ho,Kim, Youngmi American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 2015 Journal of ultrasound in medicine Vol.34 No.5
<P>Objectives-The purpose of this study was to investigate the added value of diffuse optical tomographic categories combined with conventional sonography for differentiating between benign and malignant breast lesions. Methods-In this retrospective database review, we included 145 breast lesions (116 benign and 29 malignant) from 145 women (mean age, 46 years; range, 16-86 years). Five radiologists independently reviewed sonograms with and without a diffuse optical tomographic category. Each lesion was scored on a scale of 0% to 100% for suspicion of malignancy and rated according to the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System classification. Diagnostic performance was analyzed by comparing area under receiver operating characteristic curve values. Reader agreement was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients. Results-In the multireader multicase receiver operating characteristic analysis, adding a diffuse optical tomographic category to sonography improved the diagnostic accuracy of sonography (mean areas under the curve, 0.923 for sonography alone and 0.969 for sonography with diffuse optical tomography; P = .039). The interobserver correlation was also improved (0.798 for sonography alone and 0.904 for sonography with diffuse optical tomography). The specificity increased for 4 reviewers from a mean of 19.5% to 45.8% (P < .001 for reviewers 1-4; P = .238 for reviewer 5) with no significant change in the sensitivity. When the diffuse optical tomographic category was applied strictly, the specificity increased for all reviewers from a mean of 19.5% to 68.3% (P < .001 for all reviewers) with no significant change in the sensitivity. Conclusions-The addition of diffuse optical tomographic categories to sonography may improve diagnostic performance and markedly decrease false-positive biopsy recommendations.</P>
희렴(Siegesbeckia pubescens) 추출물의 어병세균 Streptococcus iniae에 대한 항균활성
최보라 ( Bo La Choi ),조은지 ( Eun-ji Cho ),이명진 ( Myeong Jin Lee ),이승현 ( Seong Hyun Lee ),김채은 ( Chae Eun Kim ),오세영 ( Se Young Oh ),김경훈 ( Kyoung- Hoon Kim ),정창화 ( Chang Hwa Jeong ),임은서 ( Eun Seo Lim ),김태훈 ( 한국수산과학회(구 한국수산학회) 2016 한국수산과학회지 Vol.49 No.5
Antibacterial activity of 80% methanol extract from 13 commercial herb medicines was measured against fish pathogens Streptococcus iniae, causing several diseases in various kind of fish. Siegesbeckia pubescens showed the strongest antibacterial activity against S. iniae. Methanol extract of S. pubescens was further extracted using several organic solvents having different polarity. Extract from n-hexane and ethyl acetate fraction showed strong activity. Minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC of S. pubescens extract was measured and resulted showing 8 μg/mL with n-hexane fraction and 32 μg/mL with ethyl acetate fraction against S. iniae. The growth of S. iniae was fully inhibited by adding 50 μg/mL (final concentration) of n-hexane or ethyl acetate fraction in the liquid media. It is needed that, from these results, purification and isolation of responsible active compound(s) of these activities and further study on the synergy effect using combination with commercial antibiotics against fish pathogenic bacteria.