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Financial Intermediation and Economic Growth: Evidence from Nepal
Birendra Narayan Shah(Birendra Narayan Shah ),Md Iqbal Bhuyan(Md Iqbal Bhuyan ),Sung-Sik Kim(Sung-Sik Kim),Rukshana Salam(Rukshana Salam ) The International Academy of Global Business and T 2023 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.19 No.3
Purpose - This study aims to investigate the role of financial intermediation in Nepalese economic growth using time-series data over the period from 1974 to 2019. In order to establish the relationship, GDP per capita is used as a proxy for economic growth, while private sector credit, commercial bank assets, and the broad money supply serve as proxy measures of financial intermediation. Design/Methodology/Approach - To obtain empirical results, the Johansen test of co-integration, the vector error correction model, and the Granger causality test are applied. Findings - The results support finance-led growth in Nepal, implying that financial intermediation is positively associated with economic growth in the long run. A positive association with total trade was observed in the short run, but a negative effect was found in the long run. Granger causality tests indicate that the broad money supply and commercial bank assets are bidirectionally related to Nepal’s economic growth, while private sector credit is unidirectional. Research Implications - The findings suggest that if central bank authorities prioritized monetary policy tools, it may foster economic growth in Nepal in both the short- and long terms. In addition, for the persistent growth of the Nepalese economy, the banking sector should be reformed by employing more liberal policies. The study also suggests that policymakers should take immediate action to correct the direction of Nepalese foreign trade.
The Influence of Foreign Aid on Public Sector Efficiency: A Panel Data Analysis
Birendra Narayan SHAH(Birendra Narayan SHAH ) 국제융합경영학회 2023 융합경영연구 Vol.11 No.3
Purpose: This paper examines whether foreign aid influences public sector efficiency in policy areas of administration, education, and stability. Research design, data and methodology: The study uses panel data of 77 aid recipient developing countries over the period 2000-2020 and employs various panel data techniques to estimate. Results: We found that a percentage change in foreign aid increases administrative efficiency by 0.02 to 0.04 on average ceteris paribus in the short run. On the other hand, a percentage increase in foreign aid decreases education efficiency by 0.005 to 0.006 on average. While the impact of foreign aid on the policy area of stability is insignificant. Conclusions: The empirical results of this study have important implications for both donors and aid recipient countries. It suggests that to get positive influence from foreign aid, in the area of education and stability, the recipient countries need to increase accessibility of secondary schools with quality education especially; technical and vocational. Also, the donor should provide a minimum threshold amount of foreign aid to developing countries for reforming the institutions' capacity building.
Birendra Shrestha 한국복음주의구약신학회 2019 구약논집 Vol.14 No.-
This study attempts to show the unity of Joel 2:18-32 on the basis of material and spiritual restoration as the day of the Lord by applying a textlinguistics analysis. According to the historical-critical scholars, Joel 2:18-32 does not have unity. They do not see connection between Joel 2:18-27 and 28-32. They also deny a logical flow of Joel 2:18-32 with the previous and later chapters. They consider some passages as a later addition and had seriously questioned the authenticity of the book of Joel. However, this study shows the unity of Joel 2:18-32 and connectivity of this selective passage with other passages. There are four ways to prove. First is the theological motif, in which every pericope talks about covenant and theophany motif. Second is formal cohesion, in which lexical cohesion, grammatical and syntactic cohesion, and structural cohesion will be included. Third is semantic coherence, in which semantic literary units have connectivity on the basis of the compositional theme of the day of the Lord. Fourth is the author’s strategies of communication, in which the author’s intention to communicate will be emphasized. This study focuses on a textlinguistics method as a working methodology. This approach intends to demonstrate the connectivity of the text. It is primarily a text-centered approach and it includes both the role of the author and the role of the reader by primarily focusing on the text.
Antibacterial Efficacy of Lytic Pseudomonas Bacteriophage in Normal and Neutropenic Mice Models
Birendra R. Tiwari,Shukho Kim,Marzia Rahman,김정민 한국미생물학회 2011 The journal of microbiology Vol.49 No.6
Recently, lytic bacteriophages (phages) have been focused on treating bacterial infectious diseases. We investigated the protective efficacy of a novel Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage, PA1Ø, in normal and neutropenic mice. A lethal dose of P. aeruginosa PAO1 was administered via the intraperitoneal route and a single dose of PA1Ø with different multiplicities of infection (MOI) was treated into infected mice. Immunocompetent mice infected with P. aeruginosa PAO1 were successfully protected by PA1Ø of 1 MOI, 10 MOI or 100 MOI with 80% to 100% survival rate. No viable bacteria were found in organ samples after 48 h of the phage treatment. Phage clearing patterns were different in the presence or absence of host bacteria but PA1Ø disappeared from all organs after 72 h except spleen in the presence of host bacteria. On the contrary, PA1Ø treatment could not protect neutropenic mice infected with P. aeruginosa PAO1 even though could extend their lives for a short time. In in vitro phage-neutrophil bactericidal test, a stronger bactericidal effect was observed in phage-neutrophil co-treatment than in phage single treatment without neutrophils, suggesting phage-neutrophil co-work is essential for the efficient killing of bacteria in the mouse model. In conclusion, PA1Ø can be possibly utilized in future phage therapy endeavors since it exhibited strong protective effects against virulent P. aeruginosa infection.
( Birendra Shrestha ) 아세아연합신학대학교 ACTS 신학연구소 2018 ACTS 신학저널 Vol.37 No.-
This study attempts to show the unity of Joel 2:1-17 based on the theme of the day of the Lord by applying textlinguisitcs analysis. This study defend the place and function of הוָהיְ םוֹי in Joel 2:1-17 because some critical scholars argue Joel 2:1b, 2, 6, 10-11 as later insertions. These scholars have questioned the unity of the book. Joel 2:1-17 deals with judgment of the Lord through the locust plague, which is compared to a human army. There are three ways to prove the unity of this section. First is the theological motif, in which every pericope talks about covenant and theophany motif. Second, formal cohesion includes lexical cohesion, grammatical and syntactic cohesion, and structural cohesion. Lexical cohesion comprise of grammatical dependencies such as ellipsis, substitution, conjunction, and so forth. Structural cohesion deals with syntactic and semantic parallelism. Third is semantic coherence, in which semantic literary units have connectivity on the basis of the compositional theme of the day of the Lord.
Birendra Kumar Singh,비비크,이향복,김준섭,김은기 한국화학공학회 2017 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.34 No.12
Prunus spp. and locally available plants (used as folkloric medicine) were screened to find a novel and natural anti-melanogenic agent. Based on p-protein promoter reporter assay (PPRA) the candidate plants were screened in the quest for p-protein inhibitor. Expression profiling of key proteins revealed the molecular mechanism of the melanin inhibition as well as TEM analysis revealed melanosome structure. The screened plant extract through PPRA showed significant down regulation of p-protein, which led to melanin inhibition. Another key melanosomal protein like tyrosinase and TRP-1 was also found to be down-regulated. However, TRP-2 was not affected. TEM analysis of treated cells also revealed that the stage IV melanosomes were lowered in number compared to control. The present study shows the plants used in this study possess good anti-melanogenic properties. However, the P. davidiana has the highest anti-melanogenic property among screened plant extracts.