한국 여자유도의 변천과정

김학덕 ( Hak Duk Kim ),이윤비 ( Yoon Bee Lee ),빙원철 ( Won Chul Bing ),김창우 ( Chang Woo Kim ) 대한무도학회 2007 대한무도학회지 Vol.9 No.2

Learning Curve of ROSA ONE Spine System for Transpedicular Screw Placement

Bing-Hung Hsu,Heng-Wei Liu,Kha-Liang Lee,Ming-Chin Lin,Gao Chen,Jang Yu,Chiao-Ling Chen,I-Chang Su,Chien-Min Lin 대한척추신경외과학회 2022 Neurospine Vol.19 No.2

Objective: The study investigated our institutional learning curve for the ROSA ONE spine system (ROSA) based on ROSA usage time. Methods: ROSA was designed to provide high accuracy for spinal pedicle screw placement through a built-in tracking technique. This study was conducted from November 2018 to January 2021. The time taken to complete each step of the robotic workflow was recorded. Patient demographics, comorbidities, surgical indications, and number of screw placements were examined in subgroup analysis. The Curve Fitting-General package (a part of NCSS 2021 software) was used to fit a mathematical model to the learning curve. Patient demographics, imaging data, and surgical time were reviewed retrospectively. Results: A total of 167 patients who had undergone surgery were included. The mean total ROSA usage time was 107.1 ± 27.3 minutes. The estimated learning rate was 90.4%, and the largest slope change occurred close to the time of the 20th surgery. The observed overall learning trend in the 4-screw group could be attributed to screw planning. The presence of scoliosis (p = 0.73) or spondylolisthesis (p = 0.70) did not significantly influence the mean total time (TT) for all patients; however, the mean TT differed significantly (p < 0.01) among subgroups stratified by body mass index, screw number placement, and thoracic spine involvement. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the learning curve for the various crucial steps of ROSA-guided pedicle screw placement. The indicative learning curve involved 20 patients who had undergone surgery.

Migration and Habitat Use of Breeding Blue Rock Thrushes on Hongdo Island, Korea

Chang-Yong Choi(최창용),Hyun-Young Nam(남현영),Il-Jae Won(원일재),Gi-Chang Bing(빙기창),Sook-Young Cho(조숙영),Gil-Pyo Hong(홍길표),Hee-Young Chae(채희영) 한국조류학회II 2011 한국조류학회지 Vol.18 No.1

바다직박구리(Monticola solitarius)는 주로 우리나라의 해안에 분포하는 텃새로 알려져 있으나, 이동 및 서식지 이용에 대한 정보는 빈약한 실정이다. 국내에서 번식하는 개체군의 이동 경향과 서식지 이용을 파악하기 위하여, 2005년부터 2009년까지 전남 홍도에서 가락지 부착 조사, 일일관찰 조사, 세력권 도시법 등을 실시하였다. 대만에서의 가락지 회수 기록과 일일 출현 양상이 월별로 차이를 보이는 점 등을 고려할 때, 바다직박구리는 계절에 따른 이동성을 보였으나 서식지 충실도는 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 조사지역에서의 번식 밀도와 평균 세력권의 크기는 각각 7.7-9.2쌍/㎢ 및 2.87±1.01㏊ (범위: 1.73-4.54㏊)였으며, 지역 및 세력권 수준의 공간 규모에서 서식지를 선택적으로 이용하였다. 조사한 총 7개의 서식지 유형 중에서 해수면을 회피하는 반면 식생이 없고 기반이 단단한 암벽을 선호하는 것으로 나타났으며, 기타 서식지 유형에 대해서는 뚜렷한 선호도가 확인되지 않았다. 이런 서식지 선호도를 감안할 때 바다직박구리가 주로 해안에 분포하는 주요 원인은 조간대와 같이 해안에 발달한 서식지 유형에 유인되는 것이 아니라 선호하는 서식지의 유형이 내륙에서 잘 발달되지 않은 경관적 특성에 기인한 것으로 판단된다. 바다직박구리의 서식지 선호도와 분포에 대한 상세한 정보를 분석하기 위해 향후 3차원적인 공간 이용과 섭식 행동, 먹이 등에 대한 연구가 요구된다. The Blue Rock Thrush (Monticola solitarius) is distributed along the Korean coast, but its migratory and breeding habits are poorly known. To determine migratory patterns and ㏊bitat use of the Korean population, bird ringing, daily counts, and territory mapping were conducted on Hongdo Island, Korea from 2005 to 2009. Significant monthly c㏊nges in daily occurrence along with an international ring recovery suggested the presence of migratory habits, but ringed birds showed weak site fidelity to the study area. Breeding densities and mean territory size were of 7.7-9.2 pairs/㎢ and 2.87±1.01㏊ (range: 1.73-4.54㏊) in the study area. Breeding pairs did not select habitats randomly on regional and territorial scales. Among the seven habitat types assessed, sea surface areas were avoided, and rocky cliffs without vegetation and with hard substrates were preferred. No other significant differences in habitat preference were detected. Considering this habitat preference, we suggest that the coastal distribution of M. solitarius in Korea may be related to landscape traits limiting the occurrence of precipitous cliffs in inland areas rather than related to a preference for coastal habitat types, such as intertidal areas. Further studies, including three-dimensional space use, foraging behavior and diet are needed to refine our knowledge of habitat preference and distribution in the Blue Rock Thrush.

Toe entrapment and injury by plastic color rings in a Pale Thrush (Turdus pallidus) and a Light-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus sinensis)

Chang-Yong Choi(최창용),Chang-uk Park(박창욱),Hyun-Young Nam(남현영),Se-Young Park(박세영),Gi-Chang Bing(빙기창),Sook-Young Cho(조숙영),Jong-Gil Park(박종길) 한국조류학회II 2018 한국조류학회지 Vol.25 No.2

플라스틱 유색가락지는 수많은 생태학 및 조류학 현장 연구에 흔히 사용되고 있으나, 참새목 조류에서 유색가락지로 인한 부상에 대한 기록은 드문 실정이다. 본 연구는 전남 신안군 홍도에서의 가락지 부착조사 과정에서 최초 포획된 날로부터 596일 후 재포획된 흰배지빠귀(Turdus pallidus)가 분할식 다빅(Darvic) 유색가락지로 인해 발가락이 소실되었음을 확인하고 이를 처음으로 보고한다. 또 인접한 흑산도에서는 포획된 지 135일 후에 재관찰된 검은이마직박구리(Pycnonotus sinensis)의 왼쪽 뒷발가락이 유색가락지 안쪽에 끼어있는 사례도 함께 확인하였다. 유색가락지를 부착한 산새류 1,900여 개체에서 확인된 두 사례를 바탕으로, 향후 유색가락지의 사용과 부착에 있어서 일반적인 유색가락지 부착지침을 따르는 신중한 접근법을 강조한다. Color rings have been commonly and widely used in many ecological and ornithological studies in the field, but color ring-induced injury in passerines is poorly documented. In this report, we describe the first case of toe loss caused by a dislocated split Darvic ring in a Pale Thrush (Turdus pallidus) that was recaptured 596 days after its initial capture and release on Hong-do Island, the Republic of Korea. We also found that a left hind toe of a Light-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus sinensis) was entrapped by a split color ring when the bird was observed 135 days after the marking at Heuksan-do Island. Based on these two cases out of the 1,900 color ringed birds, we emphasize a precautionary approach following general guidelines in the application and use of color leg rings for future studies.

기름에 오염된 바다쇠오리가 홍도에 서식하는 매의 겨울철 먹이에서 차지하는 비율

최창용(Chang-Yong Choi),남현영(Hyun-Young Nam),빙기창(Gi-Chang Bing) 한국조류학회II 2010 한국조류학회지 Vol.17 No.2

매(Falco peregrinus)의 먹이에 대한 자료는 전 세계적으로 오랫동안 축적되어 왔으나, 우리나라 해안에 서식하는 매의 겨울철 먹이에 대한 정보는 부족한 실정이다. 전남 홍도에서 월동하는 매 한 쌍의 먹이를 파악하기 위해 2009년 12월부터 2010년 2월까지 주요 먹이터 3곳을 매주 방문하여 먹이 흔적을 수거하였다. 확인된 총 7종 25개체의 먹이 중에서 해양성 조류가 상당한 비율을 차지하였으며, 특히 바다쇠오리(Synthliboramphus antiquus)는 빈도(64%)와 생물량(55%) 모두에서 홍도에서 월동하는 매에게 가장 중요한 먹이인 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 포식된 16개체의 바다쇠오리 중에서 15개체(94%)가 기름에 오염된 상태인 것으로 확인되었다. 이번 조사를 통해 매의 겨울철 먹이에서 기름에 오염된 바다쇠오리가 차지하는 비율이 높다는 사실이 확인되었으나, 이런 현상이 쉽게 포획할 수 있는 먹이가 증가하는 긍정적인 역할을 할 것인지 또는 독성 오염원에 노출될 가능성을 증가시킴으로써 부정적인 역할을 할 것인지를 파악하기는 어렵다. 그러나 이 결과는 해상의 기름 유출 사고가 매에게 일정 수준의 영향을 줄 수 있음을 의미하며, 또 기름에 오염된 해양성 조류는 기름 유출에 의한 직접적인 피해뿐만 아니라 맹금류의 포식압에 더 크게 노출될 가능성도 함께 보여준다. The diet of the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) has been well documented around the world for many decades, but there is little information on its winter diets on the Korean coasts. Three main perches of one sedentary pair of Korean Peregrine Falcons were visited every week and prey remains were collected to document their winter diet from December 2009 to February 2010 on Hongdo Island, Republic of Korea. As a result, a total of 25 prey remains from seven avian species were identified, and the bulk of the prey consisted of seabirds. In particular, the Ancient Murrelet (Synthliboramphus antiquus) was the most important winter prey for the pair on Hongdo, both in frequency (64%) and in biomass (55%). However, 15 of the 16 murrelets collected (94%) were contaminated by spilled oil. This result indicates that oil-affected Ancient Murrelets are probably easy prey targets for Peregrine Falcons, and that oil spill incidents may increase the predation rates of seabirds by raptor species. Furthermore, this study suggests that the Peregrine Falcon can be affected by oil spill incidents to some extent. However, at this point, it is difficult to identify whether the high proportion of oil-affected Ancient Murrelets in their winter diets is beneficial for the Peregrines due to increased prey availability, or harmful due to the increase in toxic contaminant exposure of the falcons.

Discrimination of neutrons and gamma-rays in plastic scintillator based on spiking cortical model

Liu Bing-Qi,Liu Hao-Ran,Chang Lan,Cheng Yu-Xin,Zuo Zhuo,Li Peng 한국원자력학회 2023 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.55 No.9

In this study, a spiking cortical model (SCM) based n-g discrimination method is proposed. The SCMbased algorithm is compared with three other methods, namely: (i) the pulse-coupled neural network (PCNN), (ii) the charge comparison, and (iii) the zero-crossing. The objective evaluation criteria used for the comparison are the FoM-value and the time consumption of discrimination. Experimental results demonstrated that our proposed method outperforms the other methods significantly with the highest FoM-value. Specifically, the proposed method exhibits a 34.81% improvement compared with the PCNN, a 50.29% improvement compared with the charge comparison, and a 110.02% improvement compared with the zero-crossing. Additionally, the proposed method features the second-fastest discrimination time, where it is 75.67% faster than the PCNN, 70.65% faster than the charge comparison and 38.4% slower than the zero-crossing. Our study also discusses the role and change pattern of each parameter of the SCM to guide the selection process. It concludes that the SCM's outstanding ability to recognize the dynamic information in the pulse signal, improved accuracy when compared to the PCNN, and better computational complexity enables the SCM to exhibit excellent n-g discrimination performance while consuming less time.

First Record of the Himalayan Swiftlet Aerodramus brevirostris (Aves: Apodiformes) from Korea

Choi, Chang-Yong,Park, Jong-Gil,Lee, Yun-Sun,Min, Mi-Sook,Bing, Gi-Chang,Hong, Gil-Pyo,Lee, Hang The Korean Society of Systematic Zoology 2009 Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity Vol.25 No.3

On 28 April 2008, a male Himalayan Swiftlet (Aerodramus brevirostris) was captured and examined at a night roost of swallows on Hongdo Island, Jeollanam-do, Korea. This is the first record of this species from Korea confirmed by specimen examination. We describe morphological features and some phylogenetic notes of the Himalayan Swiftlet found.

중간기착지에서 조류 사인에 대한 고찰

빙기창(Gi-Chang Bing),최창용(Chang-Yong Choi),남현영(Hyun-Young Nam),박종길(Jong-Gil Park),홍길표(Gil-Pyo Hong),김성진(Sung-Jin Kim),채희영(Hee-Young Chae),최영복(Young-Bok Choi) 한국조류학회II 2012 한국조류학회지 Vol.19 No.1

본 연구는 동아시아지역을 이동하는 철새의 주요 중간기착지인 전남 신안군 홍도에서 2004년 10 월부터 2007년 11월까지 사체 인수된 조류 78종 256개체를 대상으로 사고원인을 분석하기 위해 실시되었다. 사인별로는 인공구조물에 의한 충돌이 89개체(34.8%)로 가장 많았으며, 고양이 공격 56개체(21.9%), 탈진 및 아사 54개체(21.1%), 원인불명 29개체(11.3%), 기타 19개체(7.4%), 천적 공격 7개체(2.7%), 교통사고 2개체(0.8%)순으로 나타났다. 원인불명을 제외하면 인위적인 요인이 165개체(64.5%)로 자연적인 요인 62개체(24.2%)보다 많았다. 사고의 위험에 노출되어 있는 종은 일부 특정 종에서 높은 것으로 판단되며, 본 연구결과에서 노랑 턱멧새가 22개체(8.6%)로 가장 많았으며, 동박새 19개체(7.4%), 촉새 15개체(5.9%), 힝둥새 14개체(5.5%)순으로 나타나 이들 종이 사고위험에 높은 종에 해당하는 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구의 인위적인 요인이 자연적인 요인의 비율 보다 높게 나타난 결과를 토대로 인위적인 요인을 줄여 나간다면 전체적인 사고비율도 감소할 것으로 판단되며, 야생조류의 보호를 위해서는 사고저감 방안 연구와 더불어 사고요인에 대한 지속 적인 연구가 요구된다. Monitoring causes of bird mortality on Hongdo Island, an important stopover site for migratory birds on the East-Asian flyway was conducted from October 2004 to November 2007. A total of 256 individuals from 78 species was collected. Collision with windows or other artificial structures was the primary cause of bird mortality (89 individuals, 34.8%), followed by killed by cat (56 indiviuals, 21.9%) and exhaustion or starvation (54 individuals, 21.1%). Other causes of fatalities were; death from unknown causes (29 individuals, 11.3%), killed by anthropogenic causes (19 individuals, 7.4%), killed by natural predator (7 individuals, 2.7%) and traffic accident (2 individuals, 0.8%). Victims by anthropogenic factors (165 individuals, 64.5%) were more than by natural factors (62 individuals, 24.2%) regardless of considering unknown causes. Some bird species, such as Emberiza elegans (22 individuals; 8.6%), Zosterops japonicus (19 individuals; 7.4%), Emberiza spodocephala (15 individuals; 5.9%) and Anthus hodgsoni (14 individuals; 5.5%), were more vulnerable to collision with windows or other artificial structures and attack of feral cats. The result of the large impact of anthropogenic factors on bird mortality implies that the total cases of accident can be decreased in number when controlling anthropogenic threats are preceded. At the same time, we need more studies on other factors of bird mortality and management measures for effective protection of migratory birds at stopover sites.

ANALYZING ISUAL SPECTROPHOTOMETER DATA USING A TWO-COLOR DIAGRAM METHOD

CHEN ALFRED BING-CHIH,CHIANG PO-SHIH,HUANG TIAN-HSIANG,KUO CHENG-LING,WANG SHI-CHUN,SU HAN-TZONG,HSU RUE-RoN,CHANG MING-HUI,CHANG YEOU-SHIN,LIU TIE-YUE,MENDE STEPHEN B.,FREY HARALD U.,FUKUNISHI HIROSH The Korean Astronomical Society 2005 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.38 No.2

Transient luminous events (TLEs; sprites, elves, jets and etc.) are lightning-related optical flashes occurring above thunderstorms. Since the first discovery of sprites in 1989, scientists have learned a great deal about the morphological, spectroscopic and electromagnetic characteristics of TLEs through ground and spacecraft campaigns. However, most of the TLE studies were based on events recorded over US High Plains. To elucidate the possible biasing effects, space-borne observations are needed and have their merits. Imager of sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL) on the FORMOSAT-2 satellite is the first instrument to carry out a true global measurement of TLEs from a low- earth orbit. In this short paper, we apply a common astronomical data analysis technique, two-color diagram, on the ISUAL spectrophotometer (SP) data. By choosing appropriated bandpasses and converting the measured flux of TLEs into the unit of magnitude, two-color diagrams of TLEs can be constructed. We demonstrate that two-color diagrams, which were constructed from the narrow-band spectrophotometer data, can be used to classify different types of TLEs and trace their temporal evolution. The amount of reddening due to Earth's atmosphere can also be estimated from two-color diagrams assembled from the broad-band spectrophotometer data.

Effect of track defects on track deformations for high-speed railway bridge

Hongye Gou,Rui Xie,Chang Liu,Wei Guo,Bing Han,Yi Bao 국제구조공학회 2021 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.41 No.3

Track defects can change the interaction between layers and affect the nonlinear contact between the beam and base slab, causing deformations in the rail. This study proposes a theoretical model to clarify the influence mechanism of track defects on the track irregularity of high-speed railway bridges under pier settlement. The investigated track defects include the void under slab, interlayer debonding, and fastener fracture. The elongation coefficient of track deformation is used to describe the mapping characteristics of the interlayer parameters to track geometric under the additional bridge deformation. The geometric characteristics and changing trend of the rail surface are quantified under the influence of the failure position and critical length. Finally, the fundamental mechanisms of track deformation are elucidated, which lays a theoretical basis for further study of the long-term evolution of infrastructure.