Practice of Ethnobotanical Plants for the Treatment of Jaundice among Tharu Tribe of Far Western Nepal

( Pragya Bhatt ),( Madhusudan Subedi ),( Rajendra Dev Bhatt ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: Ethnomedicine is a system of therapy using natural agents and their derivatives to treat ailments by the ethnic communities. This study was aimed to analyze and record the knowledge of ethnomedicinal plants for treating liver disorders among tharu tribe of far western Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional observational study was conducted in ten Tharu Tribe inhabited villages of Kanchanpur district of Far West Nepal. Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA), ‘Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were employed to collect data from four Guruwas, the main traditional healer, as key informants, some knowledgeable persons, (but not Guruwas) as informants and some youths in Tharu tribes, categorizing them into three groups. The information shared was further discussed among all three groups. Results: This study enumerated an encouraging data of 39 plant species being used for the treatment of liver and related diseases by tharu community. Out of these, 9 plant species (8 families) were solely used for jaundice and biliary ailments.33 other plant species were also recorded for being used to cure digestive system related disorders which might be related to liver diseases.Fresh plants and their parts including leaves (maximum used), barks, fruits, flowers, roots, rhizome and latex in the form of juice, powder, decoction, and paste and pulverized were used and administered by oral route. Some dietary restrictions (no alcohol, less oil etc.) were also made during medication. Consult the Guruwas for traditional healing was found to be the first choice for jaundice in the selected community. Around 43% jaundiced get well with traditional treatment while rest of the patients visited hospitals. Conclusions: A proper documentation and further elaborated research for ethnomedicinal plant being used by this tribal people is essential to understand the mechanism of action of these plants for jaundice and other liver diseases.

Effect of Feed Protein Source on Digestion and Wool Production in Angora Rabbit

Bhatt, R.S.,Sawal, R.K.,Mahajan, A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.7

Adult German cross $(German{\times}British{\times}Russian)$ angora rabbits (one year age), 32 in number were divided randomly into four groups $(T_1-T_4)$ with equal sex ratio and fed diets containing $T_1$ groundnut cake (GNC); $T_3$, soyaflakes (SF); $T_4$, sunflower cake (SFC) and $T_2$, a mixture of all the three cakes along with green forage as roughage for a period of 9 months. Nine per cent protein was added from each protein source. Fibre level was maintained by adjusting the level of rice phak in the diets. The diets were iso-nitrogenous and contained similar level of fibre. DMI through roughage was not affected due to source of protein in the diet, however, DMI through concentrate was higher $(p{\leq}0.05)$ with SFC diet, which resulted in higher total feed intake in the group $(T_4)$. Body weights increased up to second shearing, thereafter it decreased due to summer depression. Diet containing soyaflakes sustained higher wool yield whereas, it was lowest $(p{\leq}0.05)$ on SFC diet. Wool attributes (staple length, medullation, fibre diameter) were not affected due to source of protein in the diet. Digestibility of fibre and its fractions (ADF, cellulose, hemicellulose) decreased $(p{\leq}0.05)$ with incorporation of SFC in the diets. Balance of calcium was lowest whereas, that of nitrogen was highest with SFC diet $(T_4)$. Biological value of N and net protein utilization was better when different protein sources were mixed together $(T_2)$. Protein quality of soyaflakes proved better for wool production followed by groundnut cake and mixture of three protein sources. Sunflower cake alone or in combination decreased wool production which may be checked by supplementation of amino acids and energy.

Photocatalytic properties of intrinsically defective undoped bismuth vanadate (BiVO₄) photocatalyst: A DFT study

Bhatt, Mahesh Datt,Lee, Jin Yong Elsevier 2018 Journal of electroanalytical chemistry Vol.828 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Monoclinic clinobisvanite BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> is one of the most promising photocatalyst due to its stability, low cost, narrow band gap, and suitable valence band maximum (VBM) position. The valence band maximum of about −7.10 eV at vacuum level was observed, which is well below the redox potential of water. However, the conduction band minimum, CBM of about −4.86 eV at vacuum level, which was responsible for its low efficiency. The presence of metal (Bi or V) vacancy changed the charge density and VBM of pristine BiVO<SUB>4</SUB>. Our calculated results revealed that 0.04% of the intrinsic Bi or V defects enhanced p-type conductivity and hence improved photocatalytic activity than O-interstitial in pristine BiVO<SUB>4</SUB>. The optical properties of both pristine and intrinsically defective BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> were calculated and analyzed with perspective of their photocatalytic properties. Conclusively, the role of Bi or V (metal) vacancies in pristine BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> was found to be significant than O interstitials in enhancing the photocatalytic properties regarding the solar water splitting.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The electronic structure of pristine and intrinsically defective BiVO4 was investigated by DFT. </LI> <LI> The CBM of BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> was calculated to be -4.86 eV at vacuum level, which is responsible for its low efficiency. </LI> <LI> Bi or V vacancies enhanced p-type conductivity and hence improved photocatalytic activity than O-interstitial in BiVO<SUB>4</SUB>. </LI> </UL> </P>

Electrocatalytic property of water oxidation reaction depends on charging state of intermediates on Ag-M (M = Fe, co, Ni, Cu) in alkaline media

Bhatt, Mahesh Datt,Lee, Geunsik,Lee, Jae Sung,Lee, Jin Yong Elsevier 2019 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.44 No.12

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>DFT calculations are performed to investigate the water oxidation reaction intermediates on Ag<SUB>2</SUB>M (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu), and Pt<SUB>3</SUB> clusters in alkaline media both in the gas and solution (water) phases in the neutral and charged states. The calculated results revealed that the neutral and anionic clusters were found to be more suitable catalysts than cationic clusters because of weakly bonded water oxidation reaction intermediates. In addition, the calculated structural parameters of the water oxidation intermediates with Ag<SUB>2</SUB>M (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) clusters revealed that M-OH bond strengths are found to be in the order of Cu < Ni < Co < Fe. Conclusively, Ag<SUB>2</SUB>Cu cluster was determined to be the best electrocatalyst regarding oxygen evolution reaction via 4e transfer, which is consistent with results on larger Ag<SUB>2</SUB>M clusters (13 atoms) and periodic Ag-M nanoalloys due to weaker binding energies of the water oxidation intermediates.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Ag<SUB>2</SUB>M (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu), and Pt<SUB>3</SUB> clusters were considered as electro-catalysts for OER. </LI> <LI> Neutral and anionic clusters were found to be more suitable catalysts than cationic clusters. </LI> <LI> MOH bond strengths are found to be in the order of Cu < Ni < Co < Fe. </LI> <LI> Ag<SUB>2</SUB>Cu cluster was determined to be the best electrocatalyst regarding oxygen evolution reaction via 4e transfer. </LI> </UL> </P>

Cytokine expression pattern in milk somatic cells of subclinical mastitis-affected cattle analyzed by real time PCR

Bhatt, Vaibhav D.,Khade, Prasad S.,Tarate, Sagar B.,Tripathi, Ajai K.,Nauriyal, Dev S.,Rank, Dharamshi N.,Kunjadia, Anju P.,Joshi, Chaitanya G. The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2012 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.52 No.4

The expression profiles of inflammatory cytokines viz. interleukins (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-12, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, interferon-${\gamma}$ and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ in response to subclinical mastitis in indigenous cattle breed Kankrej (n = 6), Gir (Bos indicus) (n = 12) and crossbred (Bos taurus${\times}$Bos indicus) (n = 7) were investigated using quantitative real time PCR. Significant correlation (p < 0.05) was observed between total bacterial load and somatic cell count (SCC) in all three breeds of cattle. All the cytokines were observed to be up-regulated compared to cows with healthy quarters, however, level of their expression varied among three breeds of cattle. In Kankrej most cytokines were found to be transcribed to higher levels than in other two breeds; the milk had higher load of bacteria but not so high SCC, implying that Kankrej has a higher inherent resistance against mastitis. The results of present study indicated that mammary glands of crossbred cattle are more sensitive to bacterial infection than indigenous breed of cattle as they elicit immune response at lower bacterial load and result into higher SCC. Research on identification of factors responsible for differentially expressed cytokines profiles and use of cytokines as immunomodulatory tools can pave way for formulating control strategies against bovine mastitis.

Antimicrobial and Antiradical Activity of Nepalese Medicinal Plants

Bhatt, Lok Ranjan,Lim, Jin-A,Lim, Chi-Hwan,Baek, Seung-Hwa The Physiological Society of Korean Medicine and T 2007 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.21 No.6

In this study fourteen ethanol extracts from Nepalese medicinal plants were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial and antiradical activity and their total phenolic content was evaluated. The antiradicalactivity was evaluated by free radical scavenging assay, using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH). Plant extracts showed a wide range of radical scavenging activity, with $IC_50$ value ranging in between $5.38\; {\mu}g/\;mL$ - $429.61\;{\mu}g/mL$. Strong radical scavenging activity was shown by flower extract of Woodfordia fruticosa ($5.38\;{\mu}g/\;mL$) and stem bark extract of Azadirachta indica ($5.58 {\mu}g/\;mL$)that also contained high phenolic content. Most of the sample showed activity below the concentration of $100\; {\mu}g/mL$. For antimicrobial activity three test microorganisms namely Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus epidermidis, and Candida albicans were used. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the plant extracts was determined. Most of the plant extracts were effective against bacterial strains only at higher concentration ($800\;-\;1,600\;{\mu}g/mL$) but none of these were effective against Candida albicans below $1,600\;{\mu}g/mL$.

High capacity conversion anodes in Li-ion batteries: A review

Bhatt, Mahesh Datt,Lee, Jin Yong Elsevier 2019 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.44 No.21

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The structures and properties of high capacity conversion electrodes are key factors as these undergo successive lithium insertion and conversion during an electrochemical process in the rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. The invention of alloying, conversion and displacement reactions seem to be crucial for reversible intercalation/de-intercalation of more than one Li during the metal redox oxidation state to achieve the high capacity with the electrode of modern lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, the exploration of new electrode materials is necessary based on the conversion or displacement concept and their potential applications. In addition, most of the electrode materials were selected on the basis of not only capacity, voltage and volume change of bulk, but it is also important to consider point defects, surface and interface properties, nano-size effects and metal-mixtures theoretically to meet their requirements of practical applications. In this review, we overview the development of recent conversion electrodes for their better performance experimentally and theoretically with key issues, challenges and future directions in this rapidly developing field.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> High capacity conversion anodes for Li-ion batteries are thoroughly reviewed. </LI> <LI> The invention of alloying is crucial for high capacity conversion anodes. </LI> <LI> The reversible capacity can be increased by applying nano- and hybrid-architectures. </LI> <LI> Theoretical studies on mechanisms of the conversion reactions have been reviewed. </LI> </UL> </P>

Effectiveness of Mavrilimumab in Viral Infections Including SARS-CoV-2 Infection - A Brief Review

Bhatt Kinal,Garimella Radhika,Taugir Rahima,Mehta Isha,Jamal Muhammad,Vijayan Rupalakshmi,Offor Rita,Nwankwo Kanayo,Arif Uroosa,Waheed Khurram,Kumari Priyanka,Lathiya Maulik,Michel George,Pandya Naush 대한감염학회 2021 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.53 No.1

Hyperinflammation and cytokine storm has been noted as a poor prognostic factor in patients with severe pneumonia related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In COVID-19, pathogenic myeloid cell overactivation is found to be a vital mediator of damage to tissues, hypercoagulability, and the cytokine storm. These cytokines unselectively infiltrate various tissues, such as the lungs and heart, and nervous system. This cytokine storm can hence cause multi-organ dysfunction and life-threatening complications. Mavrilimumab is a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that may be helpful in some cases with COVID-19. During an inflammation, Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) release is crucial to driving both innate and adaptive immune responses. The GM-CSF immune response is triggered when an antigen attaches to the host cell and induces the signaling pathway. Mavrilimumab antagonizes the action of GM-CSF and decreases the hyperinflammation associated with pneumonia in COVID-19, therefore strengthening the rationale that mavrilimumab when added to the standard protocol of treatment could improve the clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients, specifically those patients with pneumonia. With this review paper, we aim to demonstrate the inhibitory effect of mavrilimumab on cytokine storms in patients with COVID-19 by reviewing published clinical trials and emphasize the importance of extensive future trials.

Conduction of Li+ cations in ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC): comparative studies using density functional theory

Bhatt, Mahesh Datt,Cho, Maenghyo,Cho, Kyeongjae Springer-Verlag 2012 Journal of solid state electrochemistry Vol.16 No.2

UNIT-WISE SEPARATION POSTULATES

Bhatt, Piyush,Singh, Darshan Department of Mathematics 1982 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.22 No.2