Amentoflavone Induced Cell-cycle Arrest through Regulating Hh/Gli1 Signaling in U251 Glioblastoma Cells

Cheng Bao,Chen Jing,Hong Jin Lee 한국식품영양과학회 2016 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2016 No.10

Amentoflavone inhibits tumorsphere formation by regulating the Hedgehog/Gli1 signaling pathway in SUM159 breast cancer stem cells

Bao, Cheng,Chen, Jing,Kim, Jin Tae,Qiu, Shuai,Cho, Jae Seok,Lee, Hong Jin Elsevier 2019 Journal of Functional Foods Vol.61 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A novel anticancer approach is to target cancer stem cells (CSCs), a rare subpopulation potentially associated with metastasis, resistance to chemotherapy, and recurrence of cancers. This study aimed to investigate the effects of amentoflavone, a natural compound identified from <I>Chamaecyparis obtusa</I>, on stemness of basal-like SUM159 breast CSCs, and its underlying mechanism of action. We found that amentoflavone suppressed tumorsphere formation and regulated the expression of the stem cell markers CD44, CD24, and ALDH1 in a dose dependent manner, and inhibited Hedgehog (Hh) signaling by down-regulating Smo, Gli1, OCT4, and NANOG. Knock-down of Gli1 by siRNA significantly affected the expression of CD44, CD24, ALDH1, OCT4, and NANOG, and reduced tumorsphere formation efficiency in SUM159 breast CSCs. Our findings indicate that amentoflavone inhibits SUM159 breast cancer stemness by suppressing Hh/Gli1 signaling, and is a potent agent for targeting breast CSCs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Amentoflavone inhibited tumorsphere formation of basal-like breast cancer stem cells (CSCs). </LI> <LI> Amentoflaovne regulated the expression of CSC markers, CD44, CD24, ALDH1, OCT4 and NANOG in SUM159 breast CSCs. </LI> <LI> Amentoflavone suppressed Hedgehog signaling mediators, Gli1 and Smo, leading to inhibition of breast CSCs stemness. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Sulforaphane Inhibited Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Induced Migration and Invasion in Estrogen Receptor Negative Human Breast Cancer Cells

Cheng Bao,고지원,박현창,김민채,김종기,어중혁,이홍진 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.1

Sulforaphane significantly (p<0.05) inhibited tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced cellular migration and invasion in MCF10DCIS.com human breast cancer cells, compared with controls. mRNA and protein expressions of MMPs, including MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-13, and the enzymatic activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were suppressed by sulforaphane treatments at 1, 5, and 10 μM concentration in MCF10DCIS.com cells. Sulforaphane should be considered as a potent agent for retardation of mammary tumorigenesis.

Daidzein Suppresses Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Induced Migration and Invasion by Inhibiting Hedgehog/Gli1 Signaling in Human Breast Cancer Cells

Bao, Cheng,Namgung, Hyeju,Lee, Jaehoo,Park, Hyun-Chang,Ko, Jiwon,Moon, Heejung,Ko, Hyuk Wan,Lee, Hong Jin American Chemical Society 2014 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.62 No.17

<P>In breast cancer, the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induces cell invasion, although the molecular basis of it has not been clearly elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of daidzein in regulating TNF-α induced cell invasion and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Daidzein inhibited TNF-α induced cellular migration and invasion in estrogen receptor (ER) negative MCF10DCIS.com human breast cancer cells. TNF-α activated Hedgehog (Hh) signaling by enhancing Gli1 nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity, which resulted in increased invasiveness; these effects were blocked by daidzein and the Hh signaling inhibitors, cyclopamine and vismodegib. Moreover, these compounds suppressed TNF-α induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 mRNA expression and activity. Taken together, mammary tumor cell invasiveness was stimulated by TNF-α induced activation of Hh signaling; these effects were abrogated by daidzein, which suppressed Gli1 activation, thereby inhibiting migration and invasion.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jafcau/2014/jafcau.2014.62.issue-17/jf500231t/production/images/medium/jf-2014-00231t_0007.gif'></P>

중국의 중소기업과 지원정책

공보성 ( Bao-cheng Gong ),정남기 ( Namki Chung ) 한국질서경제학회 2015 질서경제저널 Vol.18 No.1

이 연구에서는 중국의 중소기업과 지원정책을 살펴보았다. 중국은 시장을 개방하기 시작한 이후 등소평이 주창한 ‘선부론’에 기초하여 대기업 위주의 성장전략을 고수하면서 빠른 경제성장을 실현하였다. 그러나 ‘선부론’의 이면에서 지역간, 계층간 불균형이 커지면서 중국사회의 위험요소로 대두되었다. 이에 중국 정부는 이러한 위험요소를 제거하고 안정적인 성장을 지속시키기 위해서는 중소기업의 육성이 필요하다는 사실을 인식하고, 중소기업 육성정책을 추진하였다. 중소기업은 고용창출 능력이 높으며, 지역 특화산업의 발전에 적합한 조직형태를 갖추고 있어 지역간 그리고 계층간 격차를 줄여줄 수 있는 중요한 도구이기 때문이다. 실제로 지금 중국에서는 중소기업이 경제성장을 주도하며 사회경제의 발전을 이끌고 있다. 중국의 중소기업이 중국경제에 기여하는 역할은 매우 높다고 할 수 있으며, 특히 고용에서 매우 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있다. 그리고 국유기업에서 방출된 실직인력의 대부분과 농촌에 있는 잉여 노동력을 흡수하여 사회안전망의 역할도 충실히 수행하고 있다. 중국의 중소기업 지원정책은 금융지원, 인력지원, 판로지원, 창업지원 등으로 대별할 수 있으며, 기본적인 틀은 갖추고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 2000년에 들어서야 근거법을 마련하는 등 아직까지 중소기업 지원정책의 역사가 짧기 때문에 실무에서는 시행과 착오가 있을 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 중국 정부가 지금과 같이 지속적으로 중국의 중소기업에게 관심과 애정을 가지고 지원정책을 수행한다면 중국의 중소기업은 더욱 발전할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. The purpose of this study is to explore China’s SMEs and supporting policies. China rapidly realized economical growth, since Deng Xiaoping began to open the market based on ‘theory of being rich first’. Deng Xiaoping adhered to the conglomerate-oriented growth strategy in that time. However, growed imbalance between regions and classes behind the economical growth based on ‘theory of being rich first’, which has emerged as a critical element in Chinese society. Chinese government recognized the fact that support for SMEs is needed in order to overcome the critical situation and pursued SME development policies. SMEs are important tools that can reduce the disparities between regions and classes because they have highly job creation ability and optimal organizations for the development of the regional special industry. In fact, SMEs now have led to economic growth and development of society and economy in China. The contribution of China’s SMEs to China’s economy is very high, in particular on the employment. They absorb surplus rural labor force and the unemployed workers who released from state-owned enterprises. In that way, they contribute to establish social safety net. SME support policies in China can be divided into financial support, human resources support, market support, start-up support, and we believe that China has the basic framework for SME support. However, China does not nave enough experience to support SMEs, because China made a legal ground or SME support in 2000. But we expect that China’s SMEs can continue with growth, if Chinese government continues to perform with support policies for SMEs.

향인양(嫦人陽)에서 양희(陽戱)까지 -제의연극과 관상용 연극의 관계 문제에 대하여

강보성 ( Bao Cheng Kang ) 한양대학교 동아시아문화연구소 (구 한양대학교 한국학연구소) 2012 동아시아 문화연구 Vol.51 No.-

양희(陽戱)는 나희(儺戱)의 한 종류다. 향인나(鄕人儺)는 『논어·향당(論語·鄕黨)』편에 수록되어 있고 『예기·교특성(禮記·郊特牲)』에도 "향인양(鄕人陽)"에 관한 기록이 있다. 향인양의 양(陽)자가 yang으로 발음되는 것은 양희에서 양자의 발음과 같다. 그러므로 양희의 양은 향인양의 양(陽)으로부터 비롯되었음을 알 수 있다. 중국 서남 지역의 양희는 세 가지 공연 형식으로 이루어져 있다. 천희(天戱)라고 하는 인형극 및 신에게 감사제로 바치는 연극[酬神戱]과 같이 법사나 무당에 의한 제사 연극과 오락을 위주로 하는 간단한 연극이다. 분명한 것은 양희는 원시 신앙과 희곡과의 관계 및 제사 연극과 관상용 연극과의 관계를 살피는데 전형적인 사례라는 것이다. 이러한 관점에서 볼 때, 양희는 제사 연극으로부터 진화한 관상용 연극이라는 사실을 분명히 알 수 있다. Yang Xi is one kind of Nuo Xi. Xiangren Nuo, which was recorded in the Fellow Villager of Analects of Confucius, was recorded as Xiangren Yang in the Jiaote Sheng of Book of Rites(≪禮記·郊特牲≫). When the character "楊"(Yang) of Xiangren Yang pronounces yang, it is, no matter in grapheme or pronunciation, similar to the other character "陽" (Yang) of Yang Xi. Thus, the character "陽"(Yang) of Yang Xi originated from the "陽"(Yang) of Xiangren Yang. The Yang Xi in Southwest China has three kinds of performing forms, and they are Puppet Xi(傀儡戱), Entertaining-gods Xi (酬神戱) which are played by sorcerer or witch, and Entertaining-human Xi (以悟樂功能爲主的小戱). It is obvious that Yang Xi is a typical case that analyzes the relationship between primitive belief and Xiju and, the one between Sacrifice Xiju and Aesthetic Xiju. Seeing from this case, it is positive that Aesthetic Xiju has evolved from Sacrifice Ritual.

질서자유주의적 관점에서 본 중국의 공공인프라 구축사업에 관한 연구

Gong Bao Cheng,정남기,Liu XiaoQI 한국질서경제학회 2018 질서경제저널 Vol.21 No.3

In order to promote sustained economic growth. Chinese government vigorously promote the improvement of the operating environment of private enterprises, actively absorbing and utilizing Social Overhead Capital (SOC). To this end, since 2013, the State Council promulgated a series of policies that encourage the full use of SOC to ensure economic growth. The main policy for encouraging SOC investment announced by the Chinese government is to promote and guide private capital to actively participate in the field of public infrastructure, for private enterprises participating in the construction of public infrastructure, provide policies related to the cultivation of businesses, such as improving the business environment. Therefore, with the public infrastructure that was formerly considered to be in charge of the government, the social indirect capital market for bridges, highways, dams, and water and sewers was gradually opened up to private capital, the government and private capital cooperation model was rapidly developed. At present, although China is actively developing government and private capital cooperation, it still contains many problems in the promotion process. The lack of relevant laws and regulations, the uncertainty of local government compliance, the poor communication between local government departments, the uncertainty of performance and income security caused by the alternation of political power of local governments, and the lack of participation of private enterprises. It can be seen that although state-owned enterprises are in a relatively dominant position in the field of public infrastructure, because of the uncertainty of fair competition and income security, the enthusiasm of private capital participation has been dispelled. For the government and social capital cooperation, the country has not yet formulated a unified targeted law, and there are no mandatory legal restrictions on the guarantee of income, which is the fundamental reason for the lack of private capital participation. Therefore, in order to solve these problems, this study proposes several suggestions for improvement. 이 연구에서는 중국의 민관협력사업 현황 및 문제점 분석을 바탕으로 중국 민관협력사업의 개선방안을 도출하여 보았다. 연구 결과 중국은 지난 30년 동안 개혁개방정책을 추진하면서 경제가 급속하게 발전하였고, 이와 함께 면서 국민의 소득수준도 빠르게 상승해 왔다. 그리고 이러한 경제의 성장과 소득수준의 상승은 문화 및 체육 등 사회기반시설에 대한 수요를 증가시켜 왔다. 중국정부는 증가하는 사회기반시설에 대한 수요를 충당하는 과정에서 재정부담의 완화하고 사업의 효율성을 증대시키기 위하여 민간자본을 적극적으로 유치하고 있다. 그러나 민관협력사업의 입찰 및 추진과정에서 민관협력사업의 추진을 위한 법과 제도의 미비, 지방정부의 관련업무 역량 부족, 민관협력사업의 까다로운 참여요건 및 불투명성 등 몇 가지 문제점이 드러났다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 이 연구에서는 민관협력사업과 관련된 법과 제도의 정비, 지방정부의 관련업무 수행역량의 향상, 민간자본의 참여 확대를 위한 입찰요건 개선 및 입찰과정 투명성 증대와 같은 개선책을 제시하여 보았다.

중국 중소기업의 금융지원 정책과 개선방안에 대한 연구

공보성 ( Gong Bao Cheng ) 한국질서경제학회 2019 질서경제저널 Vol.22 No.2

최근 중국 중소기업은 빠른 속도로 발전하고 있다. 중국에서 중소기업이 차지하는 위상을 살펴보면, 중소기업은 전체 기업에서 99% 이상을 차지하고 있으며, 고용의80%, 전체 발명 특허의 70% 그리고 GDP의 60% 이상을 창출하고 있다. 따라서 중소기업은 중국 경제에 있어 고속 성장의 원동력이기도 하며 동시에 일자리 창출 및 국민생활수준의 향상에도 큰 기여를 하고 있다. 이에 중국 정부는 중소기업의 건전한 발전을 위해 재정지원 및 세제와 관련된 제도를 정비하고 동시에 인력이 부족한 중소기업의 행정비용을 완화하고, 중소기업의 경영환경을 최적화 시키는 등 일련의 중소기업 지원정책을 정비하고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 자금동원 능력이 부족한 중소기업은 정보의 비대칭성 등으로 인해 자금조달에 어려움을 격고 있다. 따라서 이 연구는 현행 중국 중소기업 금융지원 정책의 현황을 및 문제점을 분석하고, 그 분석 자료를 바탕으로 중국 중소기업에 대한 금융지원정책의 개선방안을 도출하여 보았다. In recent years, Chinese SMEs have developed rapidly and their scale has kept growing. Among the total number of Chinese enterprises, SMEs account for more than 99%. And they provide 80% of jobs, 70% of invention patents and 60% of GDP. They have become an important engine for economic growth, employment expansion and improvement of people's livelihood in China. In order to promote the development of SMEs healthy and orderly, the Chinese government has formulated a series of preferential policies in terms of speeding up the reform of the fiscal and taxation system, reducing taxes and fees, and optimizing the business environment. However, SMEs have some inherent defects such as less collateral assets and asymmetric business information, which has led to problems in financing and high financing costs. This paper analyzes the status quo and problems of the implementation of SME financial support policies, furthermore combines the experience of advanced countries in financial support for SME development, and proposes policy recommendations in line with the healthy development of SMEs in China.

Morphological Factors and Cardiac Doses in Whole Breast Radiation for Left-sided Breast Cancer

Guan, Hui,Dong, Yuan-Li,Ding, Li-Jie,Zhang, Zi-Cheng,Huang, Wei,Liu, Cheng-Xin,Fu, Cheng-Rui,Zhu, Jian,Li, Hong-Sheng,Li, Miao-Miao,Li, Bao-Sheng Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.7

Background: To investigate the impact of the breast size, shape, maximum heart depth (MDH), and chest wall hypotenuse (the distance connecting middle point of the sternum and the length of lung draw on the selected transverse CT slice) on the volumetric dose to heart with whole breast irradiation (WBI) of left-sided breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Fifty-three patients with left-sided breast cancer undergoing adjuvant intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) were enrolled in the study. The primary breast size and shape, MHD and DCWH (chest wall hypotenuse) were contoured on radiotherapy (RT) planning CT slices. The dose data of hearts were obtained from the dose-volume histograms (DVHs). Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Student's t-test and linear regression analysis. Results: Breast size was independent of heart dose, whereas breast shape, MHD and DCWH were correlated with heart dose. The shapes of breasts were divided into four types, as the flap type, hemisphere type, cone type and pendulous type with heart mean dose being $491.8{\pm}234.6cGy$, $752.7{\pm}219.0cGy$, $620.2{\pm}275.7cGy$, and $666.1{\pm}238.0cGy$, respectively. The flap type of breasts shows a strong statistically reduction in heart dose, compared to others (p=0.008 for V30 of heart). DCWH and MHD were found to be the most important parameters correlating with heart dose in WBI. Conclusions: More attention should be paid to the heart dose of non-flap type patients. The MHD was found to be the most important parameter to correlate with heart dose in tangential WBI, closely followed by the DCWH, which could help radiation oncologists and physicsts evaluate heart dose and design RT plan in advance.

Stabilized finite element technique and its application for turbulent flow with high Reynolds number

Cheng Huang,Bao Yan,Jinquan Xu,Dai Zhou 한국풍공학회 2011 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.14 No.5

In this paper, a stabilized large eddy simulation technique is developed to predict turbulent flow with high Reynolds number. Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) stabilized method and three-step technique are both implemented for the finite element formulation of Smagorinsky sub-grid scale (SGS) model. Temporal discretization is performed using three-step technique with viscous term treated implicitly. And the pressure is computed from Poisson equation derived from the incompressible condition. Then two numerical examples of turbulent flow with high Reynolds number are discussed. One is lid driven flow at Re = 10^5 in a triangular cavity, the other is turbulent flow past a square cylinder at Re = 22000. Results show that the present technique can effectively suppress the instabilities of turbulent flow caused by traditional FEM and well predict the unsteady flow even with coarse mesh.