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언어 친숙성 가설과 지연청각역입: 칸나다어(L1)-영어(L2) 이중언어사용 일반아동의 구어붕괴
Bannuru Venkatanarayana Manjunatha Mahesh,Kempanapura Siddaraju Apoorva Prathibha,Srikantaswamy Vijayeshwari,Nanjundaswamy Kajol 한국언어청각임상학회 2019 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.24 No.1
배경 및 목적: 본 연구는 칸나다어(Kannada, L1)-영어(L2) 이중언어 아동에게서 나타나는 구어붕괴에 대해 언어친숙성 가설이 미치는 영향을 지연청각역입기(delayed auditory feedback, DAF)를 이용하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 14명의 참여자를 L2 숙달도에 따라 숙달도가 높은 군과 낮은 군으로 나누었다(각 7명씩). 150 ms와 250 ms의 지연청각역입 상황에서 L1과 L2 모두를 이용하여 표준문단을 낭독하고 질문에 대답하게 하는 과제를 시행하였다. 결과: 구어붕괴는 실험과제에 따라 조음오류, 반복오류, 기타오류로 나누었다. 더짧은 지연시간(150 ms)에서는 과제특정적(task-specific)인 구어오류가 나타났으나 더 긴 지연시간(250 ms)에서는 이런 오류가 나타나지 않았다. 문단낭독 과제에서는 L1과 L2에서 각각 반복오류와 조음오류가 나타났으나 기타오류는 대답하기 과제에서 더 빈번하게 나타났다. 흥미롭게도 L2 숙달도가 낮은 화자는 L1의 실험과제 전반에 걸쳐 더 높은 조음오류를 보였다. 두 언어를 비교해 본 결과 과제특 정적 특성을 보이는 L1에서의 구어붕괴가 더 크게 나타났다. 모국어(L1)에서 문단낭독 시에는 조음오류가, 대답하기에서는 반복오류가 관찰되었다. 논의 및 결론: 이중언어 습득에 대한 언어친숙성 가설에 대한 반박도 있지만 본 연구는 청각지연 상황에서 일어나는 구어 붕괴에 대해 주의력 통제가 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 포함하는 대안적 설명을 제시하고 있다. 또한 본 연구결과는 말더듬을 동반한 이중 언어 화자에 대한 임상적 시사점을 제시해준다. Objectives: The study examined the language familiarity hypothesis on speech disruptions in Kannada (L1)-English (L2) bilinguals using delayed auditory feedback (DAF). Methods: Fourteen participants were classified into high and low L2 proficient bilingual groups (n= 7 each). Experimental tasks involved reading the standard passages and answering questions in both L1 and L2 on 150 ms and 250 ms DAF. Speech disruptions were grouped into articulatory, repetition, and other errors for the experimental tasks. A shorter delay of 150 ms, but not the longer delay (250 ms) showed task specific speech errors. Results: Reading passages showed repetition and articulatory errors in L1 and L2, respectively, but other errors were more common while answering questions. Interestingly, low L2 proficient speakers showed higher articulatory errors in L1 across the experimental tasks. Between language comparisons revealed greater speech disruptions in L1, which was specific to the experimental task. Articulatory errors during reading and repetition errors while answering the questions were observed in the native language (L1). While refuting the language familiarity hypothesis in bilinguals, current findings favour task specific variation in speech disruptions in typical bilinguals. Conclusion: Current findings propose alternative explanations including the influence of attention control on speech disruptions under auditory delay. Findings also offer implications for the current research on bilingual speakers with stuttering.
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The effects of tai chi mind-body approach on the mechanisms of gulf war illness: an umbrella review
Kieran F. Reid,Raveendhara R. Bannuru,Chenchen Wang,DeAnna L. Mori,Barbara L. Niles 한국한의학연구원 2019 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.8 No.3
Gulf War illness (GWI) is a chronic and multisymptom disorder affecting military veterans deployed to the 1991 Persian Gulf War. It is characterized by a range of acute and chronic symptoms, including but not limited to, fatigue, sleep disturbances, psychological problems, cognitive deficits, widespread pain, and respiratory and gastrointestinal difficulties. The prevalence of many of these chronic symptoms affecting Gulf War veterans occur at markedly elevated rates compared to nondeployed contemporary veterans. To date, no effective treatments for GWI have been identified. The overarching goal of this umbrella review was to critically evaluate the evidence for the potential of Tai Chi mind-body exercise to benefit and alleviate GWI symptomology. Based on the most prevalent GWI chronic symptoms and case definitions established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Kansas Gulf War Veterans Health Initiative Program, we reviewed and summarized the evidence from 7 published systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Our findings suggest that Tai Chi may have the potential for distinct therapeutic benefits on the major prevalent symptoms of GWI. Future clinical trials are warranted to examine the feasibility, efficacy, durability and potential mechanisms of Tai Chi for improving health outcomes and relieving symptomology in GWI.
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Efficacy and safety of duloxetine in osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
( Mikala C. Osani ),( Raveendhara R. Bannuru ) 대한내과학회 2019 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.34 No.5
About 21% of adults with osteoarthritis (OA) are diagnosed with concomitant depression in addition to chronic pain. Duloxetine, an anti-depressant med ication, has been recently approved for managing Knee OA. We performed a systematic review to ascertain the efficacy and safety of duloxetine for OA. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Database from inception to December 2018. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessing the efficacy and/or safety of duloxetine versus placebo in OA patients were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were undertaken by two independent reviewers. Seven RCTs (n = 2,102 participants) met our inclusion criteria, and five RCTs (n = 1,713) were eligible for meta-analysis. The results of our analyses indicate that duloxetine has statistically significant, moderate ben efits on pain, function, and quality of life in knee OA patients for up to 13 weeks. Reported incidences of gastrointestinal adverse events were three to four times higher in participants who received duloxetine versus placebo. Duloxetine may be an effective treatment option for individuals with knee OA, but use of the drug is associated with a significantly higher risk of adverse events. Patient preferences and clinicians’ judgment must be considered before the initiation of duloxetine.
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