Evaluation of Forest Tree Leaves of Semi-hilly Arid Region as Livestock Feed

Bakshi, M.P.S.,Wadhwa, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.6

Samples of 13 species of forest tree leaves fed to livestock in the semi-hilly arid zone of Punjab State in India were collected at 30 d interval for 12 months, in order to assess their nutritional worth for livestock. The ground samples were pooled for 4 different seasons viz. dry hot, hot humid, fall and winter. The chemical composition irrespective of the season revealed that CP content varied between 8.9 (Carrisa) to 22.0% (Leucaena). Globulin was the major protein fraction in most of the leaves. The lowest concentration of cell wall constituents was observed in Morus alba and Grewea. The leaves in general became fiberous and lignified during winter and fall as compared to summer season. The leaves of Grewea, Morus alba, Leucaena, Carrisa and Acacia were rich in Ca, P and most of the trace elements. The total phenolics ranged between 1.88% (Azardirachta) to 15.82% (Acacia). The leaves of Acacia had the highest concentration of hydrolysable tannins (14.6%) whereas that of Carrisa had that of condensed tannins (5.9%). The condensed tannins (more than 3%) were negatively correlated to the digestibility of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein (CP). The digestion kinetic parameters for DM, NDF and CP revealed that leaves of Morus alba, Zizyphus and Ehretia had highest insoluble but potentially degradable fraction. The minimum rumen fill values also revealed that leaves of Grewea, Azardirachta, Morus, Ehretia and Leucaena had great potential for voluntary DM intake. The leaves of Ougeinia, Malha, Dodenia and Carrisa had significantly higher rumen fill value indicating poor potential for voluntary DM intake. Season did not have any significant impact on digestion kinetic parameters except that most of the leaves had low potentially degradable fraction, which was degraded at slow rate during winter. It was concluded that the leaves of Morus, Ehretia, Grewea and Leucaena had great potential as livestock feed, while feeding of Ougeinia, Malha and Dodonea leaves should be avoided.

Stream Data Mining: Platforms, Algorithms, Performance Evaluators and Research Trends

Bakshi Rohit Prasad,Sonali Agarwal 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.9 No.9

Streaming data are potentially infinite sequence of incoming data at very high speed and may evolve over the time. This causes several challenges in mining large scale high speed data streams in real time. Hence, this field has gained a lot of attention of researchers in previous years. This paper discusses various challenges associated with mining such data streams. Several available stream data mining algorithms of classification and clustering are specified along with their key features and significance. Also, the significant performance evaluation measures relevant in streaming data classification and clustering are explained and their comparative significance is discussed. The paper illustrates various streaming data computation platforms that are developed and discusses each of them chronologically along with their major capabilities. This paper clearly specifies the potential research directions open in high speed large scale data stream mining from algorithmic, evolving nature and performance evaluation measurement point of view. Finally, Massive Online Analysis (MOA) framework is used as a use case to show the result of key streaming data classification and clustering algorithms on the sample benchmark dataset and their performances are critically compared and analyzed based on the performance evaluation parameters specific to streaming data mining.

Handling Big Data Stream Analytics using SAMOA Framework : A Practical Experience

Bakshi Rohit Prasad,Sonali Agarwal 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.7 No.4

Comparative Study of Big Data Computing and Storage Tools : A Review

Bakshi Rohit Prasad,Sonali Agarwal 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.9 No.1

As a result of tremendous rise in internet usage like social media and forums, mail systems, scholarly and research articles, daily online transactions from multiple sources like health care systems, meteorological and environmental organizations etc., the data collected has shoot up exponentially. This vast collection of data, called Big Data, has caused the traditional tools incompetent for managing it from either of storage, computing or analytical perspective. There is an immense need of architectures, platforms, tools, techniques and algorithms to handle Big Data. The available technologies deal with two broad aspects related to Big Data that are Big Data Storage Management and Big Data Computing, focused to overcome various challenges such as scalability, faster processing speed, multiple format data processing, availability, faster response time and analytics etc. This paper reviews recent trends of storage and computing tools with their relative capabilities, limitations and environment they are suitable to work with.

Molecular Mechanism of Crocin Induced Caspase Mediated MCF-7 Cell Death: In Vivo Toxicity Profiling and Ex Vivo Macrophage Activation

Bakshi, Hamid A,Hakkim, Faruck Lukmanul,Sam, Smitha Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.3

Background: Crocus sativus and its major constituent crocin are well established to have anti-cancer properties in breast cancer cells (MCF-7). However the role of C. sativus extract (CSE) and crocin on caspase signaling mediated MCF-7 cell death at molecular level is remains unclear. In this study, we tried to unravel role of CSE and crocin on caspase mediated MCF-7 cells death and their in vivo preclinical toxicity profiling and immune stimulatory effect. Materials and Methods: CSE extract was fractionated by HPLC and crocin was isolated and characterized by NMR, IR, and MS. MCF-7 cells were treated with both CSE and crocin and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was assessed after 24 and 36 hours. Furthermore, caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9 expression was determined by Western blotting after 24 hours of treatment. DNA fragmentation analysis was performed for genotoxicity of CSE and crocin in MCF-7 cells. The in vivo toxicity profile of CSE (300 mg/kg of b.wt) was investigated in normal Swiss albino mice. In addition, peritoneal macrophages were collected from crocin (1, 1.5 and 2 mg/kg body weight) treated mice and analyzed for ex vivo yeast phagocytosis. Results: Immunoblot analysis revealed that there was time dependent decline in anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 with simultaneous upregulation of Bax in CSE and crocin treated MCF-7 cells. Further CSE and crocin treatment downregulated caspase 8 and 9 and cleaved the caspase 3 after 24 hours. Both CSE and crocin elicited considerable DNA damage in MCF-7 cells at each concentration tested. In vivo toxicity profile by histological studies revealed no observable histopathologic differences in the liver, kidney, spleen, lungs and heart in CSE treated and untreated groups. Crocin treatment elicited significant dose and time dependent ex vivo yeast phagocytosis by peritoneal macrophages. Conclusions: Our study delineated involvement of pro-apoptotic and caspase mediated MCF-7 cell death by CSE and crocin at the molecular level accompanied with extensive DNA damage. Further we found that normal swiss albino mice can tolerate the maximum dose of CSE. Crocin enhanced ex vivo macrophage yeast phagocytic ability.

Potential of Sarson Saag Waste-a Cannery Waste as Ruminant Feed

Bakshi, M.P.S.,Kaushal, S.,Wadhwa, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.4

The nutritional worth of Sarson Saag Waste (SSW), a cannery waste, was assessed in comparison with conventional complete diet as a total mixed ration (TMR), and a conventional green fodder, Avena sativa. Each diet was offered ad libitum, supplemented with mineral mixture and common salt, to 4 male murrah buffaloes. The control TMR was made iso-nitrogenous to SSW. Simultaneously, each diet was offered to 3 rumen fistulated male buffaloes for assessing the biochemical changes in the rumen. The nutrient digestibility of unconventional SSW was comparable to that of conventional green fodder-A. sativa but significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of control TMR. The tri-chloro acetic acid (TCA) precipitable-N in the strained rumen liquor of animals fed SSW was considerably higher than that of animals fed A.sativa. The urinary excretion of total purine derivatives was comparable in animals fed SSW and conventional green fodder but significantly (p<0.05) higher than those fed conventional control TMR. The significantly (p<0.05) lower purine nitrogen index (PNI) in animals fed control TMR resulted in significantly (p<0.05) lower microbial protein synthesis than that in animals fed SSW and conventional green fodder. The N-excretion as per cent of nitrogen intake was significantly (p<0.05) lower in animals fed SSW as compared to either of the conventional feeds tested, resulting in significantly (p<0.05) higher Nretention and apparent biological value. SSW supplemented with mineral mixture could serve as an excellent source of nutrients for ruminants.

Enhancing scalability and accuracy of recommendation systems using unsupervised learning and particle swarm optimization

Bakshi, S.,Jagadev, A.K.,Dehuri, S.,Wang, G.N. Elsevier Science, B.V 2014 Applied soft computing Vol.15 No.-

Recommendation system has been a rhetoric area and a topic of rigorous research owing to its application in various domains, from academics to industries through e-commerce. Recommendation system is useful in reducing information overload and improving decision making for customers in any arena. Recommending products to attract customers and meet their needs have become an important aspect in this competitive environment. Although there are many approaches to recommend items, collaborative filtering has emerged as an efficient mechanism to perform the same. Added to it there are many evolutionary methods that could be incorporated to achieve better results in terms of accuracy of prediction, handling sparsity as well as cold start problems. In this paper, we have used unsupervised learning to address the problem of scalability. The recommendation engine reduces calculation time by matching the interest profile of the user to its partitioned and even smaller training samples. Additionally, we have explored the aspect of finding global neighbours through transitive similarities and incorporating particle swarm optimization (PSO) to assign weights to various alpha estimates (including the proposed α<SUB>7</SUB>) that alleviate sparsity problem. Our experimental study reveals that the particle swarm optimized alpha estimate has significantly increased the accuracy of prediction over the traditional methods of collaborative filtering and fixed alpha scheme.

Numerical Study on Failure of Thin Composite Conoidal Shell Roofs Considering Geometric Nonlinearity

Kaustav Bakshi,Dipankar Chakravorty 대한토목학회 2020 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.24 No.3

Thin laminated composite conoidal shell roofs are popular among civil engineers due to its stiff, singly ruled and aesthetically appealing geometry. Such surfaces may undergo large displacements under transverse static overloading. Since no researchers reported failure of laminated conoids using nonlinear strains the authors aim to fill the void in the literature. A finite element code is proposed considering von-Karman nonlinearity. The study of linear and nonlinear failure loads clearly indicates that the linear formulation wrongly overestimates the failure loads and hence, not acceptable from practical engineering standpoint. Moreover, displacements at failure, the coordinate locations from where the failure initiates and the lamina stress initiating failure in the shell are also studied.

Transmission Performance of Spectral Amplitude Code Optical Code Division Multiple Access with Using RZ Format

Krishma Bakshi,Himali Sarangal,Dr. Jyoteesh Malhotra 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.8 No.8

Optical correspondence for different access has turn into the standard for scientists as the utility rate in optical correspondence these days is expanding quickly. As different gets to, the more clients uses the system, date rate, limit and security have turn into the discriminating issue for the optical framework. The development of remote correspondence with code-division multiple access (CDMA) system have persuaded the joining of CDMA method into optical system, as it is substantially more alluring since it permits different users in a local area network (LAN) environment to get to the same fiber channel non concurrently at all times. Besides, the power of CDMA method in remote system is yet to demonstrate that OCDMA offers security preferences over other various access frameworks by keeping up the nature of administrations. In this paper, the study on OCDMA is in light of exhibiting an analysis on Optical Spectral-Amplitude Code (SAC) OCDMA organized with uniform fiber Bragg gratings. It shows a three-clients SAC-OCDMA For three-client SAC-OCDMA system working at 1550 nm wavelength with 622 Mb/s information rate and 10 Gchip/s chip rate, the greatest suitable transmission separation for a bit mistake rate (BER) < 10-9 at 50km SMF utilizing RZ group [8].

Relative static and dynamic performances of composite conoidal shell roofs

Kaustav Bakshi,Dipankar Chakravorty 국제구조공학회 2013 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.15 No.4

Conoidal shells are doubly curved stiff surfaces which are easy to cast and fabricate due to their singly ruled property. Application of laminated composites in fabrication of conoidal shells reduces gravity forces and mass induced forces compared to the isotropic constructions due to the high strength to weight ratio of the material. These light weight shells are preferred in the industry to cover large column free open spaces. To ensure design reliability under service conditions, detailed knowledge about different behavioral aspects of conoidal shell is necessary. Hence, in this paper, static bending, free and forced vibration responses of composite conoidal shells are studied. Lagrange's equation of motion is used in conjunction with Hamilton's principle to derive governing equations of the shell. A finite element code using eight noded curved quadratic isoparametric elements is developed to get the solutions. Uniformly distributed load for static bending analysis and three different load time histories for solution of forced vibration problems are considered. Eight different stacking sequences of graphite-epoxy composite and two different boundary conditions are taken up in the present study. The study shows that relative performances of different shell combinations in terms of static behaviour cannot provide an idea about how they will relatively behave under dynamic loads and also the fact that the points of occurrence of maximum static and dynamic displacement may not be same on a shell surface.